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1、主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末代替，而本身放在句子末尾。尾。How the book will sell depends on its author.That he is the best student in the class is obvious.主语从句引导主语从句的关联词有三类：引导主语从句的关联词有三类：(1)从属连词从属连词that。如：如：That they were true sisters was clear from the faci
2、al resemblance between them.很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。(2)从属连词从属连词whether。如：如：Whether hell come here isnt clear.他是否会来这里还不清楚。他是否会来这里还不清楚。(3)连接代词连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever连接副词连接副词 where,when,how,why。如：如：What she did is not yet known.她干了什么尚不清楚。她干了什么尚不清楚。How
3、this happened is not clear to anyone.这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。Whoever comes is welcome.不论谁来都欢迎。不论谁来都欢迎。主语从句三要素主语从句三要素 he became a great scientist is known to us all.Is what you told me really true?谓谓语语动动词词用用单单数数从从句句用用陈陈述述语语序序不不能能省省略略关关联联词词注意注意:What we need most are books.How一一.主语从句的连接词主语从句的连接词1.t
4、hat 1.that 只起引导作用，本身无实际意义，不充只起引导作用，本身无实际意义，不充当任何成分，但当任何成分，但不能省略不能省略不能省略不能省略。ThatThat she left him she left him made him heart-broken.made him heart-broken.ThatThat he is still alive he is still alive is a good news to us.is a good news to us.我们保持平衡饮食有益健康。我们保持平衡饮食有益健康。2.2.置于句首只能用置于句首只能用whether“whethe
5、r“是否是否”，不充当从句，不充当从句的任何成分。的任何成分。他是否会参加这个话剧表演是显而易见的他是否会参加这个话剧表演是显而易见的_ is clear._ is clear._(_(他能否买到飞机票他能否买到飞机票)doesnt matter much.doesnt matter much.Whether he can buy the plane ticketsWhether he can buy the plane ticketsWhether hell take part in the playWhether hell take part in the playThat we keep
6、 a balanced diet is good for our health.we keep a balanced diet is good for our health.3 3 whwh-疑问词包含意思，并在从句中充当成分。疑问词包含意思，并在从句中充当成分。_ she will be back is still a question._ she will be back is still a question._ you told me just now was really a surprise._ you told me just now was really a surprise.
7、_ we will hold the basketball game tomorrow is _ we will hold the basketball game tomorrow is not important.not important._ class will win the football game is not clear._ class will win the football game is not clear._ will meet him is not decided._ will meet him is not decided.WhenWhenWhatWhatWher
8、eWhereWhich Which WhoWho_ breaks the law should be punished._ breaks the law should be punished._ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth_ has helped to save the drowning girl is worthpraising.praising._ tells lies is wrong_ tells lies is wrongWhoeverWhoeverWhoeverWhoeverWhoeverWhoever1._ will
9、 win the gold medal remains to be seen.2._ wants to ask questions is welcome any time.3.The manager decided to offer the job to _ he believed had a strong sense of duty.WhoWhoWhoeverwhoeverwhoeverWho/whoever/whomever4._ you choose as your wife has nothing to do with me.5._ breaks the law should be p
10、unished.6.There is no doubt that anyone _ doesnt give in to difficulties will be successful at last.WhomeverWhomeverWhoeverWhoeverwhowho1)_yousaidyesterdayisright.2)_sheisstillaliveisaconsolation（安慰）（安慰）.3)_helostthebikeworriedhimalot.4)_causedtheaccidentremainsunknown.5)_mademattersworsewas_nightbe
11、gantofall.6)_wecantgetseemsbetterthan_wehave.WhatWhatThatThatThatThat注：what 与 that在引导主语从句时的区别what what 在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语，而语，而that that 则不然。则不然。WhatWhatWhat thatWhat thatWhat What whatwhat二.it 做形式主语为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语it放在主语位置，真正主语搁置于句末。1）It+be+名词/形容词 +主语从句Exx:很肯定他会赢得比赛的。_ that he
12、 will win the match.It is a fact that _(地球绕着太阳转)It is very likely that they will hold a meeting.It is important that we all should attend the meeting.It is still a mystery what caused the accident.It is certainthe earth goesaround the sun2）It+不及物动词(seem,happen,matter)+主语从句It seems that he has seen t
13、he film.似乎It happened that they were absent.碰巧3）It过去分词从句 It is said that President Obama will visit our school next week.据说 It is decided that 据决定It is believed that 据认为It is known to all that Li Hua is the best student in our class.众所周知1.This is natural that they should like each other.2.It is true
14、 he has made a very important discovery in chemistry.3.It doesnt matter that he is wrong or not.4.It is know to all that Lu Xun is a famous author.改错改错:It that whether knownWhatever he says is of no importance.Whoever says this is wrong 但谓语动词用单数还是复数，不可一概而论，而要视句子的意义而定 What I need is money.What I need
15、 are books.三三.在主语从句中，谓语一般用在主语从句中，谓语一般用单数单数单数单数。When and where well hold the meeting _not been decided yet.A.has B.is C.have D.areWhatever and whoever Whateveranything that Whoeveranyone who不管是谁犯了法，他都应该受到惩罚。Whoever breaks the law should be punished。Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.在下列情况下，
16、在下列情况下，在下列情况下，在下列情况下，whetherwhether不能被不能被不能被不能被 ifif所取代：所取代：所取代：所取代：1.whether引导主语从句引导主语从句如：如：Whetheritistrueremainsaproblem.2.引导表语从句用引导表语从句用whether，如：如：Thequestioniswhetheryoushouldacceptit.3.whether可以引导从句作介词的宾语，可以引导从句作介词的宾语，如：如：Imnotinterestedinwhethertheyllgoornot.Itdependsonwhetherwehavegotenough
17、money.4.whether可以直接跟动词不定式连用，可以直接跟动词不定式连用，如：如：Ididntknowwhethertolaughortocry.Shehasntdecidedwhethertogoornot.whether与与ifIf Mary really heard him was doubtful.Whether Mary really heard him was doubtful.It was doubtful if Mary really heard him主语从句置于句首时,不能用if 引导如果用it 作形式主语,就可以用if 引导不可省略的连词：不可省略的连词：1.引导
18、主语，同位语，表语从句的连词不可省略。引导主语，同位语，表语从句的连词不可省略。2.it作形式宾语的宾语从句作形式宾语的宾语从句3.并列宾语从句中，后面的从句引导词。并列宾语从句中，后面的从句引导词。Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.Thereasonisthatheistoocareless.Ithinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadaloud.Hetold（that）hisfatherhaddiedandthathehadtomakealivingbyhimself.用用
19、用用it it it it 作形式主语的结构作形式主语的结构作形式主语的结构作形式主语的结构(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)Itis名词名词从句从句Itisafactthat事实是事实是Itisanhonorthat非常荣幸非常荣幸Itiscommonknowledgethat是常识是常识(2)Itis形容词形容词从句从句Itisnaturalthat很自然很自然Itisstrangethat奇怪的是奇怪的是用用用用it it it it 作形式主语的结构作形式主语的结构作形式主语的结构作形式主语的结构(2)(2)(2)(2)(3)Itis不及物动词不及物动词从句从句Itseemsthat似乎似
20、乎Ithappenedthat碰巧碰巧Itappearsthat似乎似乎(4)It过去分词过去分词从句从句Itisreportedthat据报道据报道Ithasbeenprovedthat已证实已证实Itissaidthat据说据说Exercises:Part One:主语从句单选题主语从句单选题1.has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.A.Who B.The one C.Anyone D.WhoeverD2.It was he said disappointed me.A.what;that B.that;that C.
21、what;what D.that;whatA3.well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A.If B.Whether C.That D.WhereB4.we cant get seems better than we have.A.What;what B.What;that C.That;that D.That;whatAPart Two:改错改错1.He doesnt like them is very clear.(That he)2.That has happened proves that my advice is right.(
22、What has)3.Because of my poor memory,that you told me has been forgotten.(what you/all that you)4.If he has signed his name doesnt matter.(Whether)5.What is the most important in life arent money.(isnt)1._youdontlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.A.WhatB.WhoC.ThatD.Whether2.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingt
23、heearth,_ourastronautsdesiretodoistowalkinspaceA.whereB.whatC.thatD.how CB3._the2012OlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingisnotknownyet.A.WheneverB.IfC.WhetherD.That4._wellgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.WhereCB5._leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.Whoev
24、erD.Who6._isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.ItCD7._inthenewspaperthatthepriceoffoodwillgoup.A.ItsaysB.ItissaidC.IthassaidD.Heissaid8.Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggrey.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.forBB9.Thereisnodoubt_.A.thatMr.HansenisingoodhealthB.whetheris
25、Mr.HansenhealthyC.ifMr.HansenshealthwasreturningD.whetherMr.HanseninhealthA10.TheForeignMinistersaid,“_ourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace.”A.ThisisB.ThereisC.ThatisD.ItisD11.Itisnecessarythatacollegestudent_atleastaforeignlanguage.A.mastersB.shouldmasterC.masteredD.willmasterB 同位语从句同位语从句 1.概
26、念概念:在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。2.功能功能:同位语从句对名词进一步解释，说明名词同位语从句对名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容。的具体内容。引导同位语从句的引导同位语从句的that 在从句中不充当任在从句中不充当任何成分，无任何具体意思，一般不省略。何成分，无任何具体意思，一般不省略。that引导同位语从句引导同位语从句e.g.(1)Thenewsthatourteamwonthefirstprizeexcitedallofus.我们队得了第一名，这消息使我们我们队得了第一名，这消息使我们都很兴奋。都很兴奋。2.Thefactthattwo
27、thirdsofallgirlsareonadietworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.3.WeheardthenewslastnightthattheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina.4.ManyBritishparentsholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldntspendtoomuchtimeonline.5.ThesuggestionthatChinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetimeiswelcomedbymanypeople,especial
28、lykidsinschool.1.I have no idea how he did it.2.You have no idea how worried I was.3.He often asked me the question whether the work was worth doing.状语状语除除 that外，外，其余连词在从句中都具其余连词在从句中都具有各自的意义或成分。有各自的意义或成分。注意啦！注意啦！!状语状语是否是否3.常跟同位语从句的抽象词有常跟同位语从句的抽象词有:4.连词连词:常用的连词有：常用的连词有：fact,idea,reason,thought,order,
29、doubt,news,hope,truth,belief,suggestion,advice,view,promise,request,proposal提提议议/建议建议,demand,question等等抽象名词抽象名词that,whether,who,which,what,when,where,why,how想一想想一想大家注意啦！同位语从句同位语从句 与与定语从句定语从句 区别区别:He told me the news that he would come home from aboard soon.Wordcamethathehadbeenabroad.据说他已经出国了。据说他已经出
30、国了。Ourteamhaswonthegame,whichmadeusveryhappy.我们的队赢了我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴。这让我们很高兴。(定语从句定语从句)(同位语从句同位语从句)辨析：辨析：定语从句是定语从句是从句对其先行词或前面从句对其先行词或前面整个句子的整个句子的修饰或限制修饰或限制,属于形容词性属于形容词性从句的范畴从句的范畴;而而同位语从句同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名是从句对前面抽象名词的词的进一步的说明和解释进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性属于名词性从句的范畴，如从句的范畴，如:The news that our team has won the game was tr
31、ue.我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。(同位语从句同位语从句,补充说明补充说明news到底是一个到底是一个什么消息什么消息)The news that he told me yesterday was true.昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。(定语从句定语从句,news在从句中作在从句中作told的宾语的宾语)辨辨析：析：They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.The hope(that)she expressed is that they
32、would come to visit China again.Lets have a try at once同位语从句同位语从句：they would come to visit China 对对hope 进行进行具体的说明具体的说明。定语从句定语从句：hope 充当充当express的的宾语宾语。有些词如有些词如 可以可以引导同位语从句引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句。但不能引导定语从句。如如:That question whether we need it has not been considered.我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。(同位语从句同
33、位语从句)whether,how,what 引导词引导词that引导定语从句时引导定语从句时,在从句中一般在从句中一般作作主语主语或或宾语宾语(指物时还可以用指物时还可以用which代替代替),并且作宾语时常常省略；并且作宾语时常常省略；that在同位语从句中仅起在同位语从句中仅起连接连接作用作用,不充当不充当任何成分任何成分,并且不能省略并且不能省略,也不能用也不能用which来代替，如来代替，如:一起小结一起小结that：The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yest
34、erday.我们应派几个人去帮助别的几个我们应派几个人去帮助别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了。小组的命令昨天收到了。(同位语从句同位语从句,是对是对order的具体解的具体解释释,that虽不作成分虽不作成分,但不能省略但不能省略)The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups.我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组。人去帮助别的几个小组。(定语从句定语从句,是名词是名词order的修饰语的修饰语,t
35、hat在从句中作在从句中作received的宾语的宾语,可以省可以省略略)II.判断下列哪些含有同位语从句，判断下列哪些含有同位语从句，哪些含有定语从句。哪些含有定语从句。Thenewsthatwehadsuccessfullysentupanothercommunicationsatellitespreadthroughouttheworld.ThatsthebestpieceofnewsIveheard.同同定定Isthereanyhopethathewillbehomeat7?Ivenohopethatmyparentshavebeenexpectingtome.同同定定Thepossi
36、bilitythatyoureferredtodoesntexistatall.ThereisastrongpossibilitythatwemaybeinFranceforthenextweek.同同定定I.在在空空格格处处填填上上适适当当的的词词，使使下下列列定定语语从从句句和和同同位位语语从句完整。从句完整。1.Thenewswasveryexciting_ourclasshadwonthefootballmatch.2.Thisisthemountainvillage_Istayedlastyear.3.Thepersonto_youspokeisafamousactor.wheret
37、hatwhom4.They are familiar with the opinion _ all matter consists of atoms.5.The hope she expressed is that they would come to visit China again.that(that)6.Thisisouronlyrequest_this(should)besettledassoonaspossible.7.Allagreedtohissuggestion_abridgeacrosstheriver（should）bebuilt.thatthat例例6 6和和7 7中使
38、用了虚拟语气，其中中使用了虚拟语气，其中shouldshould可以可以省略。出现名词省略。出现名词suggestion,advice,suggestion,advice,order,request,require,proposalorder,request,require,proposal等时。等时。例题例题6和和7有什么特点？有什么特点？bebuilt.(should)besettled(should)1.Thefact_sheworkshardiswellknowntousall.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.which2.Thefact_hewassuccessfulprove
39、shisability.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.whyAA练一练！练一练！3.Thenews_hewaskidnappedsurprisedusgreatly.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.when4.Hissuggestion_themeetingbedelayedwasturneddown.A.whichB.thatC./D.itBB5.Ihavenoidea_hewillstart.A.whenB.thatC.whatD./6.Ivecomefromthegovernmentwithamessage_themeetingwontbeheldtomorrow.A.
40、ifB.thatC.whetherD.whichBA7.Thethought_hemightfailintheexamworriedhim.A.whenB.whichC.whatD.that8.Theorder_theprisonerbesetfreearrivedtoolate.A.whichB.whetherC.thatD.whatDC9.Thenursesaretryingtheirbesttoreducethepatientsfear_hewoulddieofthedisease.A.thatB.asC.ofwhichD.whichA10.Heoftenaskedmethequesti
41、on_theworkwasworthdoing.A.whetherB.whereC.thatD.when11.Theotherday,mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetat_Ithoughtwasadangerousspeed.A.asB.whichC.whatD.thatAB11.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise_hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whetherB13.Luckily,wedbroughtaroadmapwithout_wewouldhav
42、elostourway.A.itB.thatC.thisD.which14.Doyouhaveanyidea_isactuallygoingonintheclassroom?A.thatB.whatC.asD.whichDB15.Oneofthemenheldtheview_thebooksaidwasright.A.thatB.whatthatC.thatwhatD.whetherthat引导同位语从句，补充说明引导同位语从句，补充说明view;what引导主语从句并在同位语从句中作引导主语从句并在同位语从句中作主语。主语。C16.Astorygoes_ElizabethIofEngland
43、likednothingmorethanbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt.A.whenB.whereC.whatD.thatD17.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise_hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whetherB18.Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars_roadconditionsneed_.A.that;tobeimprovedB.which;
44、tobeimprovedC.where;improvingD.when;improvingA19.Thereisafeelinginme_wellneverknowwhataUFOisnotnever.A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.whatA20.Ihavenoidea_wecanspendourholiday.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.whatA21.Thenews_hetoldusyesterdayisnottrue,butthenews_ourteamhaswonthematchistrue.A./;thatB.that;/C.that;whichD.that;whoA22.Thequestionoccurredtome_thebookwasworthreading.A.whatB.whetherC.whichD.ifB