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1、名词性从句名词性从句辨别下列名词性从句的类别：1.How the book will sell depends on its author.2.John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.3.The fact is that he has not been seen recently.4.The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.5.He will talk to us about what he saw in U.S.6
2、.It is impossible that I go and attend the meeting.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句宾语从句宾语从句主语从句主语从句名词从句又可分别称为名词从句又可分别称为名词从句又可分别称为名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和和和和同位语从句。同位语从句。同位语从句。同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：连接词：that,whether,if连接代词：连接代词：what,wha
3、tever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.连接副词：连接副词：when,where,how,why1。that只只起起连连接接主主句句和和从从句句的的作作用用，在在从从句句中中不不担担任任任任何何成成分分，本身也没有词义，本身也没有词义，宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句中可省略中可省略2。不充当介。不充当介宾宾宾宾3。引导主语从句、引导主语从句、表语从句表语从句表语从句表语从句和同位语从句和同位语从句,that不可省略。不可省略。That/wh-clause+v+主语从句主语从句S+be/link.v+that/wh-clause表语从句表语从句S+vt+that/
4、wh-clause宾语从句宾语从句S+vi+prep+wh-clause宾语从句宾语从句 一主语从句一主语从句 主主语语从从句句是是在在复复合合句句中中充充当当主主语语的的从从句句，通通常常放放在在主主句句谓谓语语动动词词之之前前或或由由形形式式主主语语itit代代替替，而而本本身身放放在句子末尾。在句子末尾。1.1.1.1.It It It It 作形式主语作形式主语作形式主语作形式主语 It 作作形形式式主主语语代代替替主主语语从从句句，主主要要是是为为了了平平衡衡句句子子结结构构，主主语从句的连接词没有变化。例如：语从句的连接词没有变化。例如：It is a pity that you
5、didnt go to see the film.It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.what 引引导导主主语语从从句句时时在在句句时时在在从从句句中中充充当当句句子子成成分分，如如主主语语宾宾语语表表语语，而而that 则则不不然。例如：然。例如：1)_you said yesterday is right.2)_she is still alive is a good thing.It is right what you said yesterday.It is a good thing that she is still al
6、ive.WhatThat2.what 与与that 在引导主语从句时的区别在引导主语从句时的区别 二宾语从句二宾语从句二宾语从句二宾语从句 宾宾语语从从句句就就是是在在复复合合句句中中作作宾宾语语的的名名词词性性从从句句，通通常常放放在在主句谓语动词主句谓语动词(及物动词及物动词)或介词之后。或介词之后。1.作动词的宾语作动词的宾语 (1)由由that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略通常可以省略),例如：例如：I heard that he joined the army.(2)由由what,whether(if)引导的宾语从句，例如：引导的宾语从句，例如：She did
7、not know what had happened.I wonder whether you can change this note for me.(3)动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如：动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如：She told me that she would accept my invitation.2.作介词的宾语，作介词的宾语，例如：例如：Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate(合作）合作）with one another.3.作形容词的宾语，作形容词的宾语，例如：例如：I am afraid(that)Ive made
8、 a mistake.I am sure (that)he will win the game.4.it 可以作为形式宾语可以作为形式宾语 it 不不仅仅可可以以作作为为形形式式主主语语，还还可可以以作作为为形形式式宾宾语语而而真真正正的的宾宾语语that 从从句句则则放放在在句句尾尾，特特别别是是在在带带复复合合宾宾语语的的句句子子中中。例如：例如：We thought it good news that the fog had finally gone.5.否定的转移否定的转移 若若主主句句谓谓语语动动词词为为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fa
9、ncy,guess,imagine等等，其其后后的的宾宾语语从从句句若若含含有有否否定定意意义义，一一般般要要把把否否定定词词转转移移到到主主句句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：_我认为这件衣我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。服不适合你穿。I dont think the dress fits you well 三表语从句三表语从句 表表语语从从句句在在复复合合句句中中作作表表语语的的名名词词性性从从句句，放放在在系系动动词词之之后后，一一般般结结构构是是“主主语语连连系系动动词词表表语语从从句句”。可可以以接接表表语语从从句句的的连连系系动动词词有有be,look,r
10、emain,seem等等。另另外外，常常用用的的还还有有the reason is that 和和It is because 等等结结构构。例如：例如：1)The question is _ we can make good preparation in such a short time.2)This is _ we cant get the support of the people.3)But the fact remains _ we are behind the other classes.4)The reason _ he is late for school is _ he mi
11、ssed the early bus.whether/howwhythatwhythat 四同位语从句四同位语从句1.同位语从句的功能同位语从句的功能 同同位位语语从从句句对对于于名名词词进进一一步步解解释释，说说明明名名词词的的具具体体内内容容，一一般般由由that引导，例如：引导，例如：1)The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.2)The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the gene
12、ral.同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。2.同位语在句子中的位置同位语在句子中的位置 同同位位语语从从句句有有时时可可以以不不紧紧跟跟在在它它所所说说明明的的名名词词后后面面，而而是是被被别别的词隔开。例如：的词隔开。例如：He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句与定语从句的区别(1)定定语语从从句
13、句中中的的that既既代代替替先先行行词词，同同时时以以在在从从句句中中作作某某个个成成分分（主主语语或或宾宾语语），而而同同位位语语从从句句中中的的that是是连连词词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。不充当句中任何成分。(2)定定语语从从句句是是形形容容词词性性的的，其其功功能能是是修修饰饰先先行行词词，对对先先行行词词加加以以限限定定，描描述述它它的的性性质质或或特特征征；同同位位语语从从句句是是名名词词性的，其功能是性的，其功能是对名词进行具体内容的补充说明对名词进行具体内容的补充说明。例如：。例如：1)The news that he told
14、 me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他他告告诉诉我我的的消消息息是是汤汤姆姆明明年年将将出出国国。）（第第一一个个that引导的从句是定语从句，引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）在从句中作宾语）2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤汤姆姆将将出出国国的的消消息息是是他他讲讲的的。）（同同位位语语从从句句，that在在句句中中不不作作任何成分）任何成分）whether whether 与与与与 if if 均均均均为为为为 “是是是是否否否否”的的的的意意意意思思思思
15、。但但但但在在在在下下下下列列列列情情情情况况况况下下下下，whether whether 不能被不能被不能被不能被 if if 所取代：所取代：所取代：所取代：1.主语从句主语从句Whether he will come is unknown.2.表语从句，如：表语从句，如：The question is whether you should accept it.3.同位语从句，如：同位语从句，如：The question whether hell attend the meeting is not decided.4.从句作介词的宾语，如：从句作介词的宾语，如：Im not interes
16、ted in whether theyll go or not.It depends on whether we have got enough money.5.直接跟不定式连用，如：直接跟不定式连用，如：She hasnt decided whether to go or not.用if 或whether 填空1.I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow.2.I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow.3.The question is _ this book is worth writing.4.It depends on
17、 _ we will have enough money.5._ they can do it matters little to us.6._ you are not free tomorrow,Ill go without you.whether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherWhetherIf 同位语从句定语从句that（连词）连词）只起连接的作用,不充当句子成分that(关系代词关系代词)充当一定的句子成分(主，宾，表）同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系，表示这个名词的内容定语从句对先行词起修饰作用，表示“的”。同位语从句的that 一般不能省而定语从句中的关系代词tha
18、t，当其在从句中做宾语时，常常可以省略that在同位语从句与定语从句的区别区别区别区别（I）试比较下面两个例句）试比较下面两个例句:1.The suggestion that he raised at the meeting is very good.2.The suggestion that the students should have plenty of exercise is very good.（that引导定语从句引导定语从句,作宾语作宾语,可以省略）可以省略）（that引引导导同同位位语语从从句句,在在从从句句中中不不担担当任何成分，但不可以省略）当任何成分，但不可以省略）辨别
19、下列从句是定语从句还是同位语从句辨别下列从句是定语从句还是同位语从句1.We heard the news that our team had won.2.We must face the fact that we had spent all our money.3.The news that he told me yesterday was false.4.I have no doubt that he will come soon.5.The fact is that we have spent all our money.同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句同位语从同
20、位语从句句表语从句表语从句翻译以下句子，并指出带下划线的从句属于名词性从句中的哪一种。1.What he wants is a book.2.It is so nice that we can learn this grammar point together.3.Im so glad that I can make friends with you.4.This is why he did it.5.Do you agree to the suggestion that we(should)have a trip in Tibet?6.That he wants a book is cert
21、ain.7.I suggested just now we(should)take part in this activity.8.Whether you like him or not doesnt matter too much.9.He doesnt know whether you can sing it well.10.The problem is whether you can sing it well.11.The problem whether it is right or wrong has not been decided.12.Please tell me who you
22、r monitor is.主语从句主语从句主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句1.what/thata._ he said at the meeting surprised us.b._ he spoke（发言）发言）at the meeting surprised us.2.if/whether _you go or stay at home wont make any differences.3.What a pity _is _you didnt arrive by daylight.A.there,because B.it,that C.
23、he,when D.that,for4.no matter how/who/what/where/when We are ready to do _ the country wants us to do.A.what B.which C.no matter what D.whatever WhatThatWhetherBD 高考再现高考再现1.(NMET 1995)is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A.There B.This C.That D.It2.(NMET 1996)we cant
24、 get seems better than we have.A.What,what B.What,that C.That,thatD.That,what3.(NMET 2001春春)I read about it in some book or other,does it matter it was?A.where B.what C.how D.which4.(NMET 1997)Its generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants.A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.wherever
25、5.(NMET 1999)I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.-Is that you had a few days off?A.why B.when C.what D.whereDADBA6.(上海上海2002)Theres a feeling in me well never know what a UFO is-not ever.A.that B.which C.of which D.whatA1.It is important that _ our education in all available ways.A.we must
26、develop B.we shall develop C.we would develop D.we should develop2.It is necessary that _ by the end of the week.A.we got everything ready B.we have got everything ready C.We get everything ready D.we must get everything ready 3.It was natural that _.A.my pictures would surprise them B.my pictures s
27、urprised them C.my pictures should surprise them D.my pictures would have surprised them4.I wonder _.A.whether or not Ill catch the last bus B.if or not Ill catch the last bus C.that Ill catch the last bus or not D.that Ill catch the last bus5.We all thought _ a pity that we had missed the lesson.A.
28、so B.such C.it D.that6.I took _ for granted（想当然）想当然）that they were not coming.A.that B.this C.it D.so7.I heard _ said that he had great concern（关心）关心）for his classmates.A.and B.that C.was D.it8.I wish I _ to the football match last night.A.went B.go C.should go D.had gone综合运用：综合运用：1.The earth is rou
29、nd,_ is known to everybody.as/which2._ is known to everybody,the earth is round.As3._ the earth is round is known to everybody.That4._ is known to everybody that the earth is round.It5.Everybody knows _ the earth is round.that6._ surprised us very much that our teacher left without a word.It7._ surprised us very much was that our teacher left without a word.What