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1、Translation of Passive VoicenAs we know,the passive voice is more commonly used in English than in Chinese,especially in the writing of science and technology.In the sentence in which the doers are not necessarily told or not known,the passive voice is used.and sometimes for the sake of the connecti
2、on of the context,there occurs the passive voice.2023/1/211translationnMarked difference exists between Chinese and English with regard to the use of the passive voice construction.The passive voice is much used in English but on a limited scale in Chinese.When you translate sentences of passive voi
3、ce,you shouldnt translate the original mechanically.Sometimes,many passive sentences in English have to be turned into active ones in Chinese.So it is important to know some techniques in translation of the passive sentences.The following are some points for attention in doing this kind of translati
4、on.2023/1/212translationI.From English to Chinesen(1)When translating a passive English sentence into an active Chinese one,leaving the position of the subject and the predicate unchanged.ne.g.n1.The whole country was armed in a few weeks.n2.The sense of inferiority that he acquired in youth has nev
5、er been totally eradicated.n3.Since the first test of atomic bomb the world has learned that atom can be split and its power can be used.2023/1/213translation(2)Translation from a passive English sentence into an active Chinese one involves a change of word order.Thats to say,the Subject is changed
6、into the object in Chinesene.g.1.When action is required to preserve our nation security,we will act.ne.g.2.It would be astonishing if that loss were not keenly felt.ne.g.3.Mr.Billings cannot be deterred from his plan.2023/1/214translation(3)Turn a passive sentence into a causative construction in C
7、hinese.Characteristics of this construction are;A)The doer of the action is not named;B)the construction contains such words 使,把,由,让;C)The action involved in the passive is stressed.ne.g.1 The economic reform must be carried out to the end.ne.g.2 The famous hotel had been practically destroyed by th
8、e big fire.ne.g.3 Most letters from his wife are read to him by the nurse in the hospital.ne.g.4 No redundant words are allowed to be inserted into the translated version.2023/1/215translation(4)Turn a passive sentence into an active Chinese with predicative 是的ne.g.1 The decision to attack was not t
9、aken lightly.ne.g.2 Rainbows are formed when sunlight passes through small drops of water in the sky.ne.g.3 Barrymore then continued his walk down the alley.His(sir Charless)body was found at the end of it.2023/1/216translation(5.)Turn the passive English sentences into passive Chinese sentences wit
10、h words such as“被,给,遭,受,为所”etc.ne.g.1 Running water has long been used to turn the wheels of industry.ne.g.2 If you subject this precision instrument to high temperature,it will be seriously damaged.ne.g.3 Robert Finn was dismissed by the boss of the factory.ne.g.4 I was seized with sadness as I tho
11、ught of how the ancient city had been spared during the second World War and now would be destroyed by an impending riot.2023/1/217translation(6)Pay attention to the following commonly used sentence patterns.nA.With no subject:n1.it is hoped that n2.it is reported that n3.it is said that n4.it is su
12、pposed that n5.it must be admitted that n6.it must be pointed out that n7.it will be seen from this that2023/1/218translationB.With subjectsn1.it is asserted that n2.it is believed that n3.it is generally considered that n4.it is well known that n5.it will be said that n6.it was told that n7.it is g
13、enerally accepted that.2023/1/219translationne.g.1 It is generally accepted that matter is in constant motion and in constant changen人们公认物质是在不断运动和不断变化之中ne.g.2 it is hoped that men will be honest,but from a higher motive than because honesty is the best policy.n希望人是正直的，但这不是因为正直是最好的政策，而是出于更高的动机2023/1/
14、2110translationExercise 1.将下列句子译成中文n1.Memoranda were prepared in advance of private meetings on matters to be discussed.n2.He said he was assured by the State Department that the U.S.A is willing to normalize relations with his country.n3.The visitor was flattered and impressed.n4.It was essential,o
15、f course,that the game be played in passionate seriousness.Each purchase must be carefully considered and,necessarily supported by arguments.2023/1/2111translationn5.Some predictions are forced by the exigencies of plotting,and no one is more surprised than the science-fiction writer when it turns o
16、ut that he has hold of something.n6.possibly this knowledge was taken from many years of close observation of cause and effect,and logical deductions made from these observations by men with very astute minds.n7.It does seem strange to think that only a century and half ago dinosaurs were quite unkn
17、own.Dinosaurs were still to be discovered,studied and described.2023/1/2112translationn8 Africa was suddenly on the stage of the world and Africans had to be dealt with in a way they had never been dealt with before.n9.A national link-up of computers could mean that a large amount of information wil
18、l be supplied to anyone who uses the system.n10.The expansion of metals on hearing must be taken into consideration before a long metal bridge is built.n11.Visitors are required to leave their coats in the cloak-room.2023/1/2113translationn12.here is a clear case of the course of human history being
19、 affected by the scientific and technological revolution.n13.Your inquires for all types of electric goods would be appreciated.n14.The goods are urgently needed.Prompt shipment will be appreciated.n15.Buyers request for insurance to be covered up to the inland city can be accepted on condition that
20、 such extra premium is for buyers account.n16.It is expected that the other three sets will be ready within a week,and a further advice note will be sent to you at the time of shipment.2023/1/2114translationn17.How can a series of motionless,or still,pictures be blended on a screen to produce motion
21、 pictures?n18.Such liquids fuel rockets as are now being used for space research have to carry their own supply of oxygen.n19.Goodyear,an American,had been trying for years to find a way in which rubber could be made hard,non-stick,and yet elastic.n20.the lecture is considered very important for beg
22、inners.2023/1/2115translationFrom Chinese into English n(1)In cases where the Chinese text contains both the doer and the recipient of the action,the passive voice can be used to stress the importance of the recipient.For example:n1.我国各族人民每年都要热烈庆祝十月一日的国庆节.n2.北京的商务印书馆在1986年出版了的中译本.n3.一个著名的医生发明了一种能治疗癌
23、症的新药.2023/1/2116translationn1.National Day is enthusiastically celebrated on Oct.1 by the Chinese people of all nationalities every year.n2.A Chinese version of Congress Government was published by Beijing Commercial press in 1986.n3.A new drug for cancer was invented by a well-known doctor.2023/1/2
24、117translation(2)A Chinese sentence without a subject or an agent,when translated into English,is generally given a passive form.For example:n1.到现在为止还没有得出结论.n2.必须维护生态环境的平衡.n3.许多地方修复了著名的参观点.为了保护长城到处帖广告,宣传政府的政策.n4.决不应误解我们的忍耐,也不应把握们不愿发生的冲突认为是意志不坚强.2023/1/2118translationn1.So far no conclusion has been
25、arrived at.n2.the ecological environment should be kept in balance.n3.Famous spots in the localities are being restored.Notices are posted everywhere to disseminate the governments decision to protect the Great Wall.n4.Our forbearance should never be misunderstood,our reluctance for conflict should
26、not be misjudged as a failure of will.2023/1/2119translationn(3)A Chinese sentence that omits the doer due to politeness,tact,or some other special reasons when rendered into English,can use a passive construction.For example:n1.人们发现橡胶是一种良绝缘体.n2.建议你在明年十月再来中国访问.n3.说到新英格兰作品的质量,一般认为清教的气氛产生不出富于想象力的文学.n4
27、.有人看见有位老教授深夜还在作实验.2023/1/2120translationn1.rubber is found to be a good insulating material.n2.It is suggested that you might visit China again next October.n3.As for the qualities of New England writing,it can be generally admitted that the puritan atmosphere was discouraging to imaginative literat
28、ure.n4.An old professor was seen making an experiment late at night.2023/1/2121translationn(4)In case the agent refers to the speaker himself,a passive construction can be used so as to cut a first-person pronoun.n1.关于增词原则的重要性和必要性我已说得不少了.nMuch has been said about the importance and necessity of the
29、principal of amplification.n2.我既已作出承诺,请允许我再作点补充.nThis acknowledgement being made,permit me to say something more.2023/1/2122translationn(5)Some Chinese active constructions when turned into English,are usually,in the necessity of wording or coherent,changed into passive construction.n1.他出现在台上,观众给予热烈
30、鼓掌.nHe appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience.n2.口试时问了十个问题,她全答对了.nShe was asked ten questions in the oral exam and answered every one of them correctly.2023/1/2123translationnExercise.将下列句子译成英语.n1.关于这个问题我已经说得很多了.n2.很抱歉,因为雨太大了,参观博物馆得推迟到明天.n3,这篇文章需要在润色一下.n4.烈火立刻把他包围了.n5.下列因素是应该
31、加以特别考虑的.n6.爱滋病病毒只能通过血液或其他体液传播.n7.疼痛是外科病中最突出的症状,在诊断中必须仔细加以鉴别.n8.有关这一课题的一些新数据是由本文介绍的.2023/1/2124translationn1.Much has been said on this question.n2.Im sorry to say that the visit to the museum has to be put off to till tomorrow because of the heavy rain.n3.This article has yet to be polished.n4.immed
32、iately he was engulfed by the flames.n5.the following factors should be particularly considered.n6.The AIDS virus is only transmitted by blood and other body fluids.n7.Pain is the most prominent symptom of surgical diseases and must be carefully evaluated in establishing a diagnosis.n8.New data on this subject are presented in the paper2023/1/2125translation