《非谓语动词(复习to_do和doing,介绍done接着是高考练习).ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《非谓语动词(复习to_do和doing,介绍done接着是高考练习).ppt（38页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、Nonfinite Nonfinite VerbsVerbs(非谓语动词非谓语动词)谓语：说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状谓语：说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。它有人称、数、时态和语态的变化。态。它有人称、数、时态和语态的变化。e.g.He works.He takes care of the baby.He will go to Shanghai.He didnt go to Shanghai.He has gone to Shanghai.You are students.You look smart.单谓语或动词单谓语或动词短语短语情态动词情态动词/助动助动词词+v.系动词系动词
2、+表语表语非谓语：主要包括不定式（非谓语：主要包括不定式（to do），），ving形式以及形式以及过去分词过去分词（done）。无人称，数的变化，不单独作谓无人称，数的变化，不单独作谓语，但保留动词特点，可以有宾语或状语语，但保留动词特点，可以有宾语或状语。e.g.He works.He wants to work here.He is working now.He has done his work.You are students,so you dont work in the factory.Being students,you dont work in the factory.过去分
3、词过去分词不定式不定式V.-V.-inging 形式形式非谓语动词高考题高考题巩固巩固 题题1 1巩固巩固 题题2 2Revision:The function of V-ing 1.Learning a foreign language is very useful.2.I enjoy learning English.3.We can learn a lot about what a person is thinking by watching his or her body language.4.The music sounds exciting.5.My job is teaching
4、.6.There is a swimming pool in our school.7.The boy standing there is a classmate of mine.8.We watch the children diving into the water from the top board.9.Hearing a sound,the baby stopped crying.(adverbial)(subject)(object)(predicative)(attribute)(object complement)(attribute)(predicative)(object)
5、V-ing as Adverbial1.Hearing a sound,the baby stopped crying.2.He cut off the electricity,preventing an accident.3.Having been told her daughter was sick,she hurried to the school to take her home.(not)V-ing(not)having done(not)having been done4.Having cut off the electricity,he prevented an accident
6、.5.Having lived in the country for many years,she knows how to grow vegetables.6.Not having received any news from home for a long time,she is becoming more and more homesick.V-ing 的形式Revision（一）动词不定式（一）动词不定式 to do 作用作用（The function of“to do”）1.What does it mean to be a scientist?(subject)2.Nothing
7、in life is to be feared(predicative)3.People who listen to Hawkings lectures sometimes find it difficult to understand him.(object)4.The doctor told him that he might not have more than twelve months to live.(attribute)5.He travelled around the world to give lectures.(adverbial)6.He rushed to school
8、 only to find there was nobody there.(adverbial)7.The teacher asked us to write a composition about a famous scientist.(object complement)7.Nor did he let the disease stop him from living(object compement)1.John stepped forward so as to be introduced to the visitors.2.2.Anne stepped forward so as to
9、 introduce the visitors to us.3.3.They seem to have met each other before.Didnt you notice that.4.4.They seem to know each other.5.5.When mother came into my room,I pretended to be reading a letter.6.6.Ill write down your name and address so as not to forget them.（二）不定式的形式、时态与语态（二）不定式的形式、时态与语态小结(not
10、)to do(not)to be done(not)to have(been)done(not)to be doing过去分词过去分词 done若是及物动词（vt）则表示被动；动作已经完成（即先于谓语动词）若是不及物动词（vi）则只表示完成。如：a broken glass=a glass which has been broken a fallen tree=a tree which has fallen(down)1.形式与含义形式与含义2.成分 1)作表语作表语 eg She is interested in the job.All the audiences are moved.2)作
11、定语作定语 eg.Tigers and lions are animals which are endangered.All the people who are invited to the meeting are VIP.Tigers and lions are endangered animals.We can see a lot of leaves which have fallen on the ground.All the people invited to the meeting are VIP.We can see a lot of fallen leaves on the g
12、round.3）作宾补作宾补 eg Speak louder so that you can make yourself heard.We have our classroom cleaned every day.4)作状语作状语（比较：When we saw from the top of the mountain,we found the viilage very small.=Seeing from the top of the mountain,we found the village very small.）eg.If it is seen from the top of the m
13、ountain,the village looks very small.Seen from the top of the mountain,the village looks very small.eg.The teacher entered the room and he was followed by some students.The teacher entered the room,followed by some students.判断下列句子中过去分词（判断下列句子中过去分词（done）的成分：的成分：1.Folded in his pocket,the letter wasnt
14、 found until twenty years later.2.No matter how hard he tried,he couldnt make himself believed.3.We can see excited expression on her face.3.When heated,ice will be changed into water.4.She had her bike repaired yesterday.5.We were all inspired by her inspiring speech.6.Given an apple,the child stop
15、ped crying.7.The boy named Tom is an orphan.adverbialObject complementattributeadverbialObject complementpredicativeadverbialattribute例4 As there was nobody，he had to go alone.There _ nobody,he had to go alone.If time permits,I will go to see you.Time_,I will go to see you.As the worked had been fin
16、ished,he went to bed.The work_,he went to bed.being permitting当存在不同主语时，可以用Ving形式的独立主格结构。独立主格结构。finished不定式不定式不定式的不定式的作用作用例1._ makes me happy to find the key.A.That B.It C.What D.WhetherB解析：不定式做主语，常用“it”作为形式主语放于句首，常见句型有it is adj.(for sb.)to do sth.但是强调当形容词与人的品性有关是 改 for 为 of.e.g.It is nice of you to
17、say so.It 也可充当形式宾语使用。不定式不定式例2NMET2000第19题Iveworkwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_inmyjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expectsB解析：该题考查疑问+不定式在句中做宾语的用法。英语中有一些动词 后可以跟一个疑问词的不定式做宾语，如：tell,discuss,know,show,learn,decide,wonder,explain不定式的不定式的作用作用不定式不定式不定式的不定式的作用作用例3:You are the third one _ the room.A
18、.to enter B.entering C.entered A解析：不定式做定语时为后置定语，常常修饰代词anything/something/noting，名词 way/chance/opportunity等 或由序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词。注意：I need a pen to write with.(不及物动词要加介词)例4NMET1999第21题Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,_itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake.B不定式不定式解析：因为主语
19、是the purpose，在（purpose,wish,promise,plan）后常跟不定式，故表语要用不定式，to不能省略，因此构成the purpose is tonot todo 句型，故选B。不定式的不定式的作用作用不定式不定式不定式的不定式的作用作用 在大多数的动词可接不定式短语做宾补，只有少数动词（五个看see,watch,notice,observe,lookat；三使役make,let,have;二听listento,hear等）须接不带to的不定式做宾补,但变为被动态后to不可省略。例5:You are not allowed _ the books out.A.takin
20、g B.to taken C.take D.to takeD解析：allow 的用法可见allow sb.to do和 allow doing sth.当被改为被动态时，为sb.be allowed to do.不定式不定式不定式的不定式的作用作用例6：I got up early to catch the bus.He went out never to return.He is too young to go to school.I am happy to meet you.A.Adverbial of purpose B.Adverbial of result C.Adverbial o
21、f reasonABCB例例7 NMET 1997第第12题题Iwouldlove_tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.havinggoneC.goingD.tohavegoneD不定式不定式解析：解析：该题考查动词不定式做宾语的 用法。would love(like)to 是固定搭配，因此B、C、不合题意。Would love+不定式一般式，表示“想，希望”，而接不定式完成式则表示“原本希望而未曾实现”的意思。不定式的不定式的时态和语态时态和语态例例8 NMET 2002 第第14题题Having
22、atripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_whethertheywillenjoyit.(2002)A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen 例如：It was the first such project to be designed by Chinese engineers.The question to be discussed at the next meeting will be rather difficult.B解析解析：不定式的语态取决于它和主语以及被它修饰的词：不定式的语态取决于它和主语
23、以及被它修饰的词的逻辑关系的逻辑关系,被动关系用被动被动关系用被动.不定式不定式例例9 NMET 1996年年 The patient was warned _ oily food after the operationThe patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.A.to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eatA.to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eatC 解析解析：该题考查不定式的否定式作主补。要注意warn后跟词方式，warn
24、sb.nottodosth.warnsb.againstdoingsth.该题应该用结构另外，not应放在to之前。不定式的不定式的否定形式否定形式V.-ing 形式形式例例 NMET1998Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,_itthemostpopularsportintheworld.A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomakeAv.-ing形式主要考查其在句子中作状语和定语的用法Makingitthepopularsportintheworld为现在分词短语作结果状语，这类分词短语常放在句子的后面,ing表示顺其自然，不定式表示突
25、然，出乎意料。如：解析Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Herushedtothepostofficeonly tofinditwasclosedV.-ing 形式形式例例2 a sleeping baby a sleeping bagVing 做定语时可以用来修饰名词的状态，用途，特点等。boiling water boiled water an exciting game an excited man ving做定语时可以强调动作的进行以及主动的关系，反之则用过去分词V.-ing 形式形式例3.I forgot _ my name when I finis
26、hed _ the composition.A.to sign,to writing B.to sign,writing C.signing,writing有些动词后接to do为宾语，而有些则接ving，比如finish,suggest,mind,practise等，但要注意一下动词forget，remember,regret,try，mean等既可以加to do也可加doing，但是意义不同。B过去分词过去分词1.作状语例例1 NMET1996第第23题题_inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.L
27、ostD.ToloseC解析：1.该题考查过去分词作状语的用法。动词-ing或过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语应是主语。2.“2.“陷入深思陷入深思”有两种表达法，有两种表达法，A.Lose oneself in A.Lose oneself in thought B.be lost in thought,thought B.be lost in thought,按句子提供的语境可按句子提供的语境可用结构用结构B.B.（比较：比较：Losing Losing himself in thought,he himself in thought,he almost ranalmost ran）过去分词主要
28、考查其在句中作状语、定语、表语和补语的用法。过去分词过去分词2.作定语例例2 NMET1997第第17题题TheOlympicGames,_in776B.C，didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayedB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayingD.tobefirstplayingA 过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作以完成。现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。所以A是正确的。Firstplayedin776B.C.=whichwasfirstplaye
29、din776B.C.解析过去分词过去分词3.作表语例例3 NMET1998第第23题题Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget_bythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topayC解析：该题考查分词作表语的用法。“topaysb.bythehour”计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有：getburnt,gethurt,getwounded.过去分词过去分词4.作补语该题考查过去分词作宾语补足语的用法。theplan与carryout的关系是被动关系。seesth.done这结构常见的还有watch(notice,observe,hav
30、e和make)sth.done.例例4 NMET2000第第22题题Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee_thenextyear.A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryoutC解析1.Friendshipislikemoney：easiermadethan_(03上海春)AkeptBtobekeptCkeepingDbeingkept2._themeetinghimselfgavethemagreatdealofencouragementAThepresidentwillattend
31、BThepresidenttoattend(03上海春)CThepresidentattendedDThepresidentsattending3.Unless_tospeak，youshouldremainsilentattheconferenceAinvitedBinvitingCbeinginvitedDhavinginvited(03上春)4.Shewilltelluswhyshefeelssostronglythateachofushasarole_inmakingtheearthabetterplacetolive(03上海春)AtohaveplayedBtoplayCtobepl
32、ayedDtobeplayingADAB5.Howaboutthetwoofus_awalkdownthegarden?(MET9317)A.totakeB.takeC.takingD.tobetaking6._downtheradio-thebabysasleepinthenextroom.(MET9324)A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnedD.Turn7.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered_thefirstcomputer.(MET9334)A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginve
33、nted8.-Imustapologizefor_aheadoftime.-Thatsallright.(MET9421)A.lettingyounotknowB.notlettingyouknowC.lettingyouknownotD.lettingnotyouknow9.Ratherthan_onacrowdedbus,healwaysprefers_abicycle.(NMET9422)A.ride;rideB.riding;rideC.ride;torideD.toride;riding10.Themissingboyswerelastseen_neartheriver.(NMET9
34、425)A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay11.Thefirsttextbooks_forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.(NMET9434)A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written12.-Youwerebraveenoughtoraisedobjectionsatthemeeting.-Well,nowIregret_that.(NMET9526)A.todob.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.ha
35、vingdone13.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_.(NMET9535)A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto14.-WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?-_hernewbicycle.(97上海13)A.AsshelostB.LostC.LosingD.Becauseoflosing15.Shecanthelp_thehousebecauseshesbusymakingacake.(97 上海上海12)A.tocleanB.cleaningC.cl
36、eanedD.beingcleaned16.Shelooksforwardeveryspringto_theflower-linedgarden.(95 上海上海20)A.visitB.payingavisitC.walkinD.walkingin17.Whileshopping,peoplesometimecanthelp_intobuyingsomethingtheydontreallyneed.(96上海14)A.topursueB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded18.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakel
37、ifeeasier,_itmoredifficult.(NMET9921)A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake19.Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople_.(99上海19)A.haveitdoB.haveitdoneC.havedoneitD.havingitdone20.WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor_“Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.”(NMET9925)A.readB.readsC.toreadD.reading5.5.Mrs
38、.Smith warned her husband_after drinking again Mrs.Smith warned her husband_after drinking again and again.and again.A.never to drive B.to never drive C.never driving D.never driveA.never to drive B.to never drive C.never driving D.never drive6.6.To master a foreign language,_.To master a foreign la
39、nguage,_.A.a lot of practice is needed B.it needs a lot of practiceA.a lot of practice is needed B.it needs a lot of practice C.practice is in need of D.one needs a lot of practice C.practice is in need of D.one needs a lot of practice 20.The library needs _,but itll have to wait until Sunday.A.clea
40、ning B.be cleaned C.clean D.being cleaned4.4.Our father often told us in the past that _is believing.Our father often told us in the past that _is believing.A.to see B.seeing C.see D.to be seenA.to see B.seeing C.see D.to be seen1.He gave us some advice on how_ English.1.He gave us some advice on ho
41、w_ English.A.learning B.learned C.to learn D.learnA.learning B.learned C.to learn D.learn2.2.It s a pay dayIt s a pay day，and they are waiting_.and they are waiting_.A.pay B.paying C.paid D.to be paidA.pay B.paying C.paid D.to be paid3.-3.-A letter may be too slow.A letter may be too slow.-Why not _ a telegram.-Why not _ a telegram.A.try sending B.try to send C.to try sending D.trying to sendA.try sending B.try to send C.to try sending D.trying to send巩固练习巩固练习C CDABADThank you!