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1、南沙中学高三英语备课组短文改错专题复习一 短文改错的立意情景特征二 短文改错的设题三 短文改错的错误类型四 解题指导一.试题的立意与情景特征。1.短文改错的选材通常取自学生自己的作品,或类似学生的作品。2004年短文改错题,依然是一篇学生习作,设计的考点也与往年相同。2.内容来自学生身边的常见话题。3.篇章结构的难易程度符合学生的实际水平。4.语言明白易懂。5.基本上不涉及生僻的语言现象和繁难的语句结构。6.试题并不是单纯检测语法知识,而是检测考生写作能力中的校验能力。二.短文改错的设题。近五年高考短文改错题题型稳定、考查点多、覆盖面广。一般以四种题型出现:对、错、多、少。从错误比例上看,一般
2、为多词1处,少词1处,正确1处,错误67处。设问的角度有三个:词法、句法和行文逻辑。从这三个角度考查学生在语篇中综合运用英语的准确性。2004年高考短文改错分析年高考短文改错分析多词多词少词少词全国卷全国卷I全国卷全国卷II全国卷全国卷III广东卷广东卷各1各1各1各1词法词法名词名词的数(1)名词的数(1)名词的数(2)形容词词性(1)词义(1)词性(1)副词副词误用(1)副词误用(1)介词搭配(1)搭配(1)动词时态,搭配(1)时态,搭配(1)冠词冠词误用(1)非谓语动词分词的误用(2)分词的误用(1)分词的误用(1)句法句法主谓一致单复数(1)单复数(1)复合句宾语从句(1)惯用法固定句
3、型(1)固定句型(1)语篇语篇逻辑连词的使用(1)连词的使用(1)连词的使用(1)代词的使用(2)1.缺词。缺词。缺词是指由于漏掉某个词而使句子成份或固定搭配缺词是指由于漏掉某个词而使句子成份或固定搭配残缺不全。多表现为缺少残缺不全。多表现为缺少冠词冠词,介词介词,连词连词,物主代词物主代词助动词助动词和和不定式符号不定式符号to,被动语态的被动语态的be等。等。1.One day I write a little story and showed to my teacher.(NMET 2003)分析分析:缺直接宾语。Showed后加it。2.Before my classmates,it
4、seems always difficult for me to do things well as them.(NMET2004)分析分析:well 前加as。错误类型2.多词多词多词现象主要表现为多词现象主要表现为词义重复词义重复,冗言。做题时,不仅,冗言。做题时,不仅应注意分析句子结构,词义内涵,还应重视语篇整体应注意分析句子结构,词义内涵,还应重视语篇整体构成。某些句子,独立分析似无懈可击,但根据行文构成。某些句子,独立分析似无懈可击,但根据行文逻辑进行分析,则错误迭现。逻辑进行分析,则错误迭现。1.The main problem was in that I always thoug
5、ht inChinese and (NMET2003)分析分析:去掉第一个in。That引导表语从句。2.Can you tell me about what I should do?(NMET2004)分析分析:去掉about。Tell是及物动词.3.错词错词此类错误涉及面较广,较为常见的是此类错误涉及面较广,较为常见的是搭配错误搭配错误和和语法语法错误错误。考生平时写作中易范的错误常常是命题的焦点。考生平时写作中易范的错误常常是命题的焦点。A.介词错误介词错误B.名词单复数误用名词单复数误用C.代词误用代词误用D.时态错误时态错误E.非谓语动词错误非谓语动词错误F.主谓不一致错误主谓不一致
6、错误G.词性误用词性误用H.连词误用连词误用I.冠词误用冠词误用A.介词错误介词错误1.Im a newcomer here of a small town.(NMET2004)分析:分析:of 改为from。from“来自于”2.Im sure they will laugh to me and see me as a fool.(NMET2004)分析分析:to改为at。Laugh at 是固定搭配。B.名词单复数误用名词单复数误用1.Their word were a great encouragement to me.(NMET2003)分析:分析:word改为words。word此处
7、为可数名词。2.but after class we become stranger at once.(NMET2004)分析:分析:stranger 改为 strangers。主语为 we。C.代词误用代词误用1.The main problem was that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English.(NMET2003)分析:anything改为everything。依语境知。D.时态错误时态错误1.Sometimes,we talked to each other very wel
8、l in class.(NMET2004)分析:talked 改为talk。文章是描述现在发生的事情。2.And I cant forget the good food you cooked for I.(NMET95)分析:第二个 I 改为 me。2.Playing football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit.(NMET98)分析:give 改为 gave。E.非谓语动词错误非谓语动词错误1.Soon I began to en
9、joy talk to myself on paper(NMET2003)分析分析:talk 改为talking。enjoy 后跟 ing 分词。2.I was often a little tired after a days work and watch TV demands very little effort.(NMET99)分析分析:watch改为watching。and 之后为又一句子,动词watch 不能用作主语,名词watching才能用作主语。3.After an hour or so we began to feel very frightening.(NMET91)分析分
10、析:frightening 改为frightened。动词frighten是及物动词,表示“令害怕”。现在分词frightening含主动意义,可用作形容词,表示“令人害怕的”。过去分词frightened则含被动意义,表示“感到害怕的”。两者不可混淆。F.主谓不一致错误主谓不一致错误1.Now the picture and prize is hanging in the library.(NMET2000)分析分析:is 改为改为are。主语是主语是the picture and prize。G.词性误用(常发生在动词与名词、名词与形容词,形容词与词性误用(常发生在动词与名词、名词与形容词
11、,形容词与副词之间)副词之间)1.I would describe myself as shy and quietly.(NMET2004)分析分析:quietly 改为改为 quiet.2.The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.(NMET 96)分析分析:his 改为改为 their。The Smiths 指指“史密斯一家人史密斯一家人”,其后,其后代词应与主语一致。代词应与主语一致。2.Unfortunate,there are too many people in my family.(NMET99)分析:分析:unfortuna
12、te改为改为 unfortunately。修饰形容词、副词或整个修饰形容词、副词或整个句子时,应用副词形式。句子时,应用副词形式。H.连词误用连词误用1.I dont know that they dont like to talk with me.(NMET2004)分析分析:that 改为 why。依句意可知。2.I am trying to improve the situation since it doesnt seem to work.(NMET2004)分析分析:since 改为but。表转折。I.冠词误用冠词误用We may be one family and live under a same roof (NMET 2001)分析分析:a 改为the。same 前用 the。解题指导解题指导要提高短文改错的解题能力,不仅需要平时有计划地按照语言知识的难易程度、语言使用规律,由浅入深、由简到繁地进行训练,而且还应掌握一定的解题技巧解题技巧,以减少盲目性。一、通读全文,掌握大意通读全文,掌握大意二、整句理解,逐行推敲整句理解,逐行推敲三、先易后难,各个击破先易后难,各个击破四、复读全文,验证答案复读全文,验证答案不要忘了正确的格式!不要忘了正确的格式!