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1、线粒体脑病线粒体脑病北大医院医学影像科第1页,共19页,编辑于2022年,星期二Case 1 2090748n n男,3131岁n n主因主因“发作性视力下降,听力下降伴癫痫发作性视力下降,听力下降伴癫痫5年,复发表年,复发表达异常、听理解异常达异常、听理解异常3天天”入院入院n n入院查体:n n发育差,身材偏瘦,言语欠流利,听理解力障碍,命名障碍,查发育差,身材偏瘦,言语欠流利,听理解力障碍,命名障碍,查体欠合作。体欠合作。n n高级皮层功能查体不配合。高级皮层功能查体不配合。n n四肢腱反射未引出。四肢腱反射未引出。n n左侧左侧BabinskiBabinski(+),右侧(),右侧()
2、n n乳酸 13.813.8(0.5-2 mmol/l)n n(May-04,天坛)血mtDNA A3243突变阳性突变阳性 北大医院医学影像科第2页,共19页,编辑于2022年,星期二Case2 631976 n n女,11岁n n“间断抽搐伴视力下降2年,右侧肢体活动障碍年,右侧肢体活动障碍1 1周”09-409-4入院入院n n2年来年来2此频繁抽搐、类卒中样发作,伴视力下降,头痛、生长发育缓慢,智力落后、倒退。n n查体:n n身材矮小,头围小,计算力差,背部多毛,右眼内斜,身材矮小,头围小,计算力差,背部多毛,右眼内斜,拖曳步态;肌力右侧上下肢拖曳步态;肌力右侧上下肢IVIV,腱反射
3、弱。,腱反射弱。n n脑电图:异常n n肌电图未见异常。肌电图未见异常。n n乳酸高乳酸高 北大医院医学影像科第3页,共19页,编辑于2022年,星期二线粒体病线粒体病n n定义n n由于遗传缺损引起线粒体代谢缺陷,导致由于遗传缺损引起线粒体代谢缺陷,导致ATPATP合成障碍,合成障碍,能量产生不足而出现的一组多系统疾病。能量产生不足而出现的一组多系统疾病。n n分类线粒体病线粒体肌病线粒体脑肌病线粒体脑病CPEOKSSMERRFMELAS北大医院医学影像科第4页,共19页,编辑于2022年,星期二MELASmitochondrial encephalomyopathylactic acido
4、sisstroke-like episodes线粒体脑肌病乳酸血症卒中样发作北大医院医学影像科第5页,共19页,编辑于2022年,星期二MELAS发病机制发病机制n n血管病学说n n异常的线粒体沉积于软脑膜和脑内小动脉的平滑肌细胞和内皮细异常的线粒体沉积于软脑膜和脑内小动脉的平滑肌细胞和内皮细胞,导致脑组织缺血而致病胞,导致脑组织缺血而致病n n细胞病学说细胞病学说n n线粒体功能障碍导致脑神经细胞能量供应不足,无氧代谢线粒体功能障碍导致脑神经细胞能量供应不足,无氧代谢增加,乳酸酸中毒,当能量需求增高时,增加,乳酸酸中毒,当能量需求增高时,即诱发卒中样发即诱发卒中样发作作n n线粒体的氧化磷
5、酸化异常最容易损伤枕叶线粒体的氧化磷酸化异常最容易损伤枕叶n n非缺血性神经血管细胞学说非缺血性神经血管细胞学说n n神经元过度兴奋、神经元脆弱、毛细血管通透性增加和神经元过度兴奋、神经元脆弱、毛细血管通透性增加和充血充血北大医院医学影像科第6页,共19页,编辑于2022年,星期二MR表现表现n n游走游走n n皮质受累为主皮质受累为主n n顶枕颞多见顶枕颞多见n n不按脑血管分布n n钙质沉积n n基底节等脑内神经核团基底节等脑内神经核团n n不同时期n n发作期发作期n n慢性期慢性期北大医院医学影像科第7页,共19页,编辑于2022年,星期二钙化钙化北大医院医学影像科第8页,共19页,编
6、辑于2022年,星期二n nMRAn n少见异常n nDWIn nADC血管源性水肿n nADC细胞毒性水肿n nMRSn nNAAn nLac北大医院医学影像科第9页,共19页,编辑于2022年,星期二1.2660.8261.172 0.765北大医院医学影像科第10页,共19页,编辑于2022年,星期二1.0820.8310.851北大医院医学影像科第11页,共19页,编辑于2022年,星期二北大医院医学影像科第12页,共19页,编辑于2022年,星期二北大医院医学影像科第13页,共19页,编辑于2022年,星期二n nFig.1 MRI exams were realized at ad
7、mission(D0),at 15 days(D15)of evolution,and for control 6(M6)and Fig.1 MRI exams were realized at admission(D0),at 15 days(D15)of evolution,and for control 6(M6)and 12 months later.Conventional FLAIR and DWI data are12 months later.Conventional FLAIR and DWI data aren nrepresented in Fig.1.FLAIR and
8、 DWI sequences are represented at two levels;the first 2 left columns corresponding represented in Fig.1.FLAIR and DWI sequences are represented at two levels;the first 2 left columns corresponding to a view at the temporal level,and the 2 right columnsto a view at the temporal level,and the 2 right
9、 columnsn nto the occipital level.Rows represent successively MRI exams realized at D0,D15,and M6(MRIs at M12 were to the occipital level.Rows represent successively MRI exams realized at D0,D15,and M6(MRIs at M12 were not represented as they were similar to images obtained 6not represented as they
10、were similar to images obtained 6n nmonths earlier).months earlier).n nAt admission,recent left temporal lesion appeared with a hyper intensity on FLAIR sequence(1a),and ADCs At admission,recent left temporal lesion appeared with a hyper intensity on FLAIR sequence(1a),and ADCs were heterogeneous;el
11、evated in anterior localization,andwere heterogeneous;elevated in anterior localization,andn ndiminished in posterior region(1b).There were no signal abnormalities on FLAIR or DWI views in the diminished in posterior region(1b).There were no signal abnormalities on FLAIR or DWI views in the occipita
12、l regions(2a and 2b).occipital regions(2a and 2b).n nAt D15,bilateral occipital FLAIR hyperintensities appeared(2c).ADCs increased in these regions(2d),At D15,bilateral occipital FLAIR hyperintensities appeared(2c).ADCs increased in these regions(2d),and became homogeneously elevated in the left tem
13、poral lesionand became homogeneously elevated in the left temporal lesionn n(1d).(1d).n nAt M6,FLAIR hyperintensities diminished in the temporal lesion,replaced with gliosis(1e),and disappeared in the occipital At M6,FLAIR hyperintensities diminished in the temporal lesion,replaced with gliosis(1e),
14、and disappeared in the occipital region(2e).Lesion regression was more markedregion(2e).Lesion regression was more markedn nin those regions of the temporal lobe in which ADCs were previously the most elevated(white arrow).FLAIR in those regions of the temporal lobe in which ADCs were previously the
15、 most elevated(white arrow).FLAIR abnormalities disappeared completely in occipital regions(2e),abnormalities disappeared completely in occipital regions(2e),n nand ADCs reached normal values(2f).and ADCs reached normal values(2f).北大医院医学影像科第14页,共19页,编辑于2022年,星期二n na mild energy failure resulting in
16、moderate cellular dysfunction,responsible for vasogenic edema(high ADCs)n na severe energy failure resulting in an irreversible cellular failure,with cytotoxic edema(low ADCs).北大医院医学影像科第15页,共19页,编辑于2022年,星期二3636岁,女,急性听觉失认岁,女,急性听觉失认北大医院医学影像科第16页,共19页,编辑于2022年,星期二n n急性期CBF北大医院医学影像科第17页,共19页,编辑于2022年,星期二n n(a)MRA on day 9.(b)ce T1WI on day 23.(a)MRA on day 9.(b)ce T1WI on day 23.男,男,8岁,卒中样发作,累及血管岁,卒中样发作,累及血管北大医院医学影像科第18页,共19页,编辑于2022年,星期二脑病理脑病理n n脑组织海绵状变性,n n病变区神经元变性或脱失、星形胶质细胞增生及继发性脱髓鞘改变,同时可见灶状坏死或软化、小血管异常增多、增生血管的管腔大小不等与管壁厚薄不均n n钙的沉积n n底节区苍白球最易发生,n n丘脑、小脑齿状核北大医院医学影像科第19页,共19页,编辑于2022年,星期二