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1、 向日葵盘果胶的制备及其向日葵盘果胶的制备及其理化性质的研究理化性质的研究4th Chinese National Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Annual MeetingPage 2Introduction 向向日日葵葵作作为为一一种种主主要要的的油油料料作作物物，在在我我国国的的栽栽培培面面积积达达150150万万公公顷顷左左右右，总总产产近近200200万万吨吨。除除去去种种子子后后剩剩下下大大量量的的向向日日葵葵盘盘和和杆杆，这这些些废废渣渣在在农农村村往往往往只只用用作作饲饲料料或或作作为为废废弃弃物物扔扔掉掉，在在北北方方基基本本上上是
2、是当当作作燃燃料料全全部部烧烧掉掉或或任任其其烂烂掉掉，造造成成了了材料浪费和环境污染。然而，在向日葵盘中还含有大量的有用成分。材料浪费和环境污染。然而，在向日葵盘中还含有大量的有用成分。我我国国每每年年果果胶胶的的需需求求量量近近20002000吨吨，并并且且还还以以15%15%的的速速度度增增长长。目目前前国国内内外外主主要要是是从从甜甜菜菜渣渣、柑柑橘橘皮皮、果果渣渣中中提提取取商商品品果果胶胶，所所得得产产品品全全为为高高甲甲氧氧基基果果胶胶，而而低低甲甲氧氧基基果果胶胶主主要要是是从从高高甲甲氧氧基基果果胶胶脱脱脂脂或或从从高高甲甲氧氧基基果果胶胶原原料料中中间间接接提提取取制制得得
3、。因因此此，研研究究低低成成本本、高高质质量量的的低低甲甲氧氧基基果果胶胶提提取取方方法法及及其其理理化化性性质质，为为我我国国食食品品加加工领域广泛地应用优质果胶提供理论依据，实现果胶的大规模工业化生产。工领域广泛地应用优质果胶提供理论依据，实现果胶的大规模工业化生产。新新疆疆是是向向日日葵葵主主要要种种植植区区，每每年年产产生生的的废废弃弃向向日日葵葵盘盘高高达达4545万万吨吨，如如果果能能将将向向日日葵葵盘盘开开发发成成提提取取果果胶胶的的新新原原料料，不不仅仅能能增增加加向向日日葵葵的的附附加加值值、丰丰富富果果胶胶生生产产的的原原料料来来源源，而而且且对对保保护护自自然然生生态态环
4、环境境和和提提高高社社会会效效益益也也有有着着重重要要的的现现实实意意义义和和社会意义。社会意义。4th Chinese National Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Annual MeetingPage 3 向日葵盘预处理向日葵盘预处理 向日葵盘果胶的提取向日葵盘果胶的提取 向日葵盘果胶液的脱色向日葵盘果胶液的脱色 向日葵盘果胶的沉淀向日葵盘果胶的沉淀 向日葵盘果胶理化性质的研究向日葵盘果胶理化性质的研究4th Chinese National Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Annual Meeting
5、Page 4一、向日葵盘的预处理一、向日葵盘的预处理1.1 试验内容试验内容1.1.1向日葵品种的选择向日葵品种的选择1.1.2不同粉碎粒度对果胶提取率的影响不同粉碎粒度对果胶提取率的影响1.1.3不同灭酶温度和时间对果胶提取率的影响不同灭酶温度和时间对果胶提取率的影响1.1.4浸泡和漂洗对果胶提取率的影响浸泡和漂洗对果胶提取率的影响1.2 试验方法试验方法1.2.1果胶含量的测定：咔唑硫酸比色法果胶含量的测定：咔唑硫酸比色法;1.2.1果果胶胶液液的的提提取取：将将处处理理后后的的原原料料按按料料液液比比1:20加加入入pH3.0的的提提取取液液在在90下下水水浴浴提提取取60min，离心取
6、上清液。，离心取上清液。图1-1 半乳糖醛酸含量标准曲线Fig.1-1 The standard curve of content galacturonic acid4th Chinese National Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Annual MeetingPage 51.31.3 结果与讨论结果与讨论1.3.11.3.1不同品种向日葵盘原料中果胶含量的测定不同品种向日葵盘原料中果胶含量的测定品 种新葵10号康地1061新葵6号新葵4号新葵9号AR3-0803果胶含量%21.7820.4124.6223.6422.1523.24表1-1不同品
7、种向日葵盘中的果胶含量Table1-1 Pectin content of different of the sunflower heads一、向日葵盘的预处理一、向日葵盘的预处理4th Chinese National Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Annual MeetingPage 61.3.2 1.3.2 粉碎粒度对果胶提取率的影响粉碎粒度对果胶提取率的影响1.3.3 1.3.3 灭酶温度和时间对果胶提取率的影响灭酶温度和时间对果胶提取率的影响图图1-21-2不同物料粒度对果胶提取率的影响不同物料粒度对果胶提取率的影响Fig.1-2 Infl
8、uence of different size of mare on the pectin extraction 图图1-3 1-3 灭酶温度和时间对果胶提取率的影响灭酶温度和时间对果胶提取率的影响Fig.1-3 Influence of destroying enzyme temperature and time on the pectin extraction一、向日葵盘的预处理一、向日葵盘的预处理4th Chinese National Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Annual MeetingPage 7 图图1-41-4漂洗和浸泡对果胶提取
9、的影响漂洗和浸泡对果胶提取的影响Fig1-4 Influence of marinate and wash on the pectin extraction一、向日葵盘的预处理一、向日葵盘的预处理1.3.4 1.3.4 浸泡和漂洗对果胶提取率的影响浸泡和漂洗对果胶提取率的影响4th Chinese National Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Annual MeetingPage 8图图2-1 2-1 不同提取酸对果胶提取率的影响不同提取酸对果胶提取率的影响Fig2-1 Influence of different acid on the extr
10、acting efficiency of pectin图图2-22-2六偏磷酸钠用量对果胶提取率的影响六偏磷酸钠用量对果胶提取率的影响Fig2-2 Influence of sodium hexametaphosphate solutions on extracting efficiency of pectin二、向日葵盘果胶的提取二、向日葵盘果胶的提取4th Chinese National Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Annual MeetingPage 9图图2-3 2-3 不同温度对果胶提取率的影响不同温度对果胶提取率的影响Fig2-3 I
11、nfluence of different temperature on extracting efficiency of pectin图图2-42-4不同加热时间对提取率的影响不同加热时间对提取率的影响Fig2-4Influence of different heating time on extracting efficiency of pectin图图2-52-5不同不同pHpH值对果胶提取率的影响值对果胶提取率的影响Fig2-5 Influence of different pH on extracting efficiency of pectin图图2-62-6不同料液比对果胶提取率
12、的影响不同料液比对果胶提取率的影响Fig2-6 Influence of different rate of solid to liquid on extracting efficiency of pectin二、向日葵盘果胶的提取二、向日葵盘果胶的提取4th Chinese National Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Annual MeetingPage 10序号提取温度X1提取时间X2pH值X3料液比X4提取率（%）1111-134.71211-1-144.331-11140.654-11-1141.151-1-1123.556-1-11-1
13、44.057-111148.168-1-1-1-150.289-100045.4410100052.36110-10043.2712010052.731300-1050.8114001046.2715000-152.1616000147.6417000057.9118000055.1419000051.2320000053.1121000052.57表表2 21 1响应面分析方案与试验结果响应面分析方案与试验结果Table 21 Central composite design with the observed responses for the extraction ratio of pe
14、ctin二、向日葵盘果胶的提取二、向日葵盘果胶的提取4th Chinese National Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Annual MeetingPage 11VariablesDFSSMSF-valueP-valueX11156.6576156.657622.38230.0032X2144.745844.74586.39300.0447X3110.305810.30581.47240.2705X4110.215210.21521.45950.2723X1X2194.668894.668813.52570.0103X1X3119.782119.
15、78212.82630.1437X1X4110.672210.67221.52470.2631X2X3153.314853.31487.61730.0328X2X4113.735813.73581.96240.2107X3X410.45360.45360.06480.8075X12122.883922.88393.26950.1205X22138.709638.70965.53060.0509X32128.717928.71794.10300.0892X42110.150310.15031.45020.2738表表2-22-2变量和响应值之间关系的方差分析变量和响应值之间关系的方差分析Tab.
16、2-2 Estimated regression model of relationship between response variables and independent variables用二次多项式逐步回归法对此试验结果拟合所得的模型方程为:(Fin概率=0.05，Fout概率=0.10)：Y1=52.8476+3.9580X1+4.7300X2-3.8940X22 3.4400X1X2+5.7725X2X3二、向日葵盘果胶的提取二、向日葵盘果胶的提取4th Chinese National Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Annual M
17、eetingPage 12二、向日葵盘果胶的提取二、向日葵盘果胶的提取变异来源自由度(DF)平方和(SS)均方和(MS)F值P值回归模型141153.702082.407311.77380.0031一次项4397.558299.389514.20010.0032二次项4563.5165140.879120.12790.0012交互项6192.627432.10454.58690.0430误差641.99506.9991总回归201195.6970表表2-3 2-3 二次回归模型方差分析表二次回归模型方差分析表Table 2-3 Variance analysis of the second-o
18、rder regression model4th Chinese National Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Annual MeetingPage 13二、向日葵盘果胶的提取二、向日葵盘果胶的提取试验条件预测提取率实际提取率提取时间/min10057.43%54.87%提取温度/89pH3.4料液比/w:v1:25表表 2-4 2-4 最佳工艺条件下预测值与实验值最佳工艺条件下预测值与实验值Table2-4 Predicted and experimental yield of pectin at optimum conditions4th Ch
19、inese National Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Annual MeetingPage 14图图2-7 2-7 不同不同pHpH值对果胶提取率的影响值对果胶提取率的影响Fig2-7 Influence of different pH on extracting efficiency of pectin图图2-92-9不同料液比对果胶提取率的影响不同料液比对果胶提取率的影响Fig2-9 Influence of different rate of solid to liquid on extracting efficiency of pect
20、in图图2-82-8不同加热时间对提取率的影响不同加热时间对提取率的影响Fig2-8 Influence of different heating time on extracting efficiency of pectin图图2-102-10不同微波功率对果胶提取率的影响不同微波功率对果胶提取率的影响Fig2-10 Influence of different power of microwave on extracting efficiency of pectin二、向日葵盘果胶的提取二、向日葵盘果胶的提取4th Chinese National Chemical and Biochem
21、ical Engineering Annual MeetingPage 15RunX1X2X3X4提取率%1-1-1-1133.2821-1-1150.203-11-1-141.53411-1-157.445-1-11-126.4761-11-154.127-111144.298111148.599-100057.6310100064.75110-10055.2412010063.381300-1061.6414001054.5415000-158.7816000162.4917000065.2518000064.8119000066.0020000066.7221000065.41表表2-5
22、 2-5 响应面分析方案与试验结果响应面分析方案与试验结果Table 2-5 Central composite design with the observed responses for the extraction ratio of pectin二、向日葵盘果胶的提取二、向日葵盘果胶的提取4th Chinese National Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Annual MeetingPage 16VariablesDFSSMSF-valueP-valueX11506.9440506.944086.50290.0001X2133.129833
23、.12985.65310.0579X3125.205025.20504.30080.0874X416.88216.88211.17430.3299X1X2171.401271.401212.18360.0128X1X310.02880.02880.00490.9035X1X4163.281263.281210.79810.0183X2X317.86767.86761.34250.2925X2X418.91138.91131.52060.2586X3X410.65020.65020.11090.7693X12137.207437.20746.34890.0472X22182.875282.875
24、214.14150.0099X321122.1656122.165620.84580.0040X42148.811848.81188.32910.0289表表2-62-6变量和响应值之间关系的方差分析变量和响应值之间关系的方差分析Tab.2-6 Estimated regression model of relationship between response variables and independent variables用二次多项式逐步回归法对此试验结果拟合所得的模型方程为:(Fin概率=0.05，Fout概率=0.10)：Y1=65.3034+7.19X1-3.8345X1X1-
25、3.045X1X2-6.9345X3X3-4.3995X4X4-5.7145X2X2-2.79251X4二、向日葵盘果胶的提取二、向日葵盘果胶的提取4th Chinese National Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Annual MeetingPage 17变异来源自由度(DF)平方和(SS)均方和(MS)F值P值回归模型142443.2510174.518029.77910.0002一次项4661.3681165.342028.21330.0005二次项41629.7430407.435769.52320.0001交互项6150.140625.
26、35684.32680.0489误差1635.16255.8604总回归202478.4140表表2-72-7二次回归模型方差分析表二次回归模型方差分析表Table 2-7 Variance analysis of the second-order regression model二、向日葵盘果胶的提取二、向日葵盘果胶的提取4th Chinese National Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Annual MeetingPage 18提取方法提取时间料液比微波功率提取温度pH提取率传统酸解100 min1：2589 3.454.87%微波萃取6.5
27、 min1：20450 W3.468.73%表表2-9 2-9 传统酸解和微波萃取效果比较传统酸解和微波萃取效果比较Tab2-9 Tradition extract compare with microwave extraction试验条件预测提取率实际提取率提取时间/min6.570.314%68.73%微波功率/W450pH3.40料液比/w:v1:20表表 2-8 2-8 最佳工艺条件下预测值与实验值最佳工艺条件下预测值与实验值Table2-8 Predicted and experimental yield of pectin at optimum conditions二、向日葵盘果胶
28、的提取二、向日葵盘果胶的提取4th Chinese National Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Annual MeetingPage 19二、向日葵盘果胶的提取二、向日葵盘果胶的提取小结小结(1)对对新新疆疆广广泛泛种种植植的的向向日日葵葵品品种种新新葵葵杂杂4号号、新新葵葵6号号，以以及及推推广广品品种种新新葵葵9号号、10号号、康康地地1061和和AR3-0803的的果果胶胶含含量量进进行行了了测测量量，选选取取果果胶胶含含量量最最高高的新葵的新葵6号作为实验原料。号作为实验原料。(2)对对原原料料的的粉粉碎碎粒粒度度、灭灭酶酶温温度度和和时
29、时间间以以及及原原料料的的浸浸泡泡和和漂漂洗洗对对果果胶胶的的提提取取和和品品质质的的影影响响进进行行了了研研究究，结结果果表表明明：原原料料经经预预处处理理（粉粉碎碎过过60目目筛筛，在在沸沸水水中中灭灭酶酶三三分分钟钟，用用pH为为7.5的的75热热水水浸浸泡泡15min后后漂漂洗洗三三遍遍，）后后提提取取的果胶含量高、灰分少、色泽浅。的果胶含量高、灰分少、色泽浅。(3)用用盐盐酸酸提提取取果果胶胶具具有有提提取取率率高高，果果胶胶色色泽泽浅浅，对对仪仪器器设设备备损损害害小小，价价格格便便宜宜等等优优点点；提提取取用用水水、原原料料本本身身含含有有的的钙钙、镁镁离离子子对对果果胶胶有有牵
30、牵拌拌作作用用，影影响响果果胶胶的的提提取取。在在提提取取液液中中加加入入0.8%的的六六偏偏硫硫酸酸钠钠，提提取取率率可可以以提提高高12.9%。4th Chinese National Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Annual MeetingPage 20(4)(4)采采用用单单因因素素优优选选实实验验和和响响应应面面分分析析法法(RSM)(RSM)中中的的旋旋转转组组合合实实验验设设计计(CCRD)(CCRD)，得得到到传传统统酸酸解解提提取取果果胶胶的的最最佳佳工工艺艺参参数数为为：提提取取温温度度8989、提提取取时时间间是是100min
31、100min、pHpH为为3.43.4、料料液液比比为为1:251:25，果果胶胶提提取取率率为为54.87%54.87%。微微波波辅辅助助提提取取果果胶胶的的最最佳佳工工艺艺参参数数为为：微微波波炉炉功功率率450W450W，时时间间为为6.5min6.5min，提提取取液液pHpH为为3.43.4，料料液液比比为为1:201:20，果果胶胶提提取取率率为为68.73%68.73%。微微波波辅辅助助法法的的提提取取率率比比传传统统酸酸萃萃取取法法提提高高了了13.8613.86个个百百分分点点，提提取取时时间间由由100min100min减减少少至至6.5min6.5min，同时还减少了提取
32、液的用量。同时还减少了提取液的用量。二、向日葵盘果胶的提取二、向日葵盘果胶的提取4th Chinese National Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Annual MeetingPage 21三、向日葵盘果胶的脱色三、向日葵盘果胶的脱色 在在果果胶胶的的生生产产中中，其其色色泽泽是是一一个个非非常常重重要要的的指指标标。大大量量色色素素的的存存在在会会导导致致果果胶胶在在烘烘干干过过程程中中因因色色素素发发生生褐褐变变而而使使果果胶胶变变黑黑，影影响响产产品品的的感感官官品品质质。提提取取出出的的果果胶胶液液经经过过脱脱色色处处理理，不不仅仅可可以
33、以除除去去果果胶胶溶溶液液中中大大部部分分色色素素，同同时时可可除除去去预预处处理理残残留留的的部部分分糖糖分分、苦苦味味和和异味，并可捕获一部分重金属。异味，并可捕获一部分重金属。本本章章分分别别采采用用活活性性炭炭和和树树脂脂对对所所提提取取的的向向日日葵葵盘盘果果胶胶液液进进行行脱脱色处理。确定了两种脱色方法的最佳工艺，并比较了两种脱色方法。色处理。确定了两种脱色方法的最佳工艺，并比较了两种脱色方法。4th Chinese National Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Annual MeetingPage 22三、向日葵盘果胶的脱色三、向日葵
34、盘果胶的脱色图图3-13-1活性炭浓度对脱色效果和果胶损失率的影响活性炭浓度对脱色效果和果胶损失率的影响Fig.3-1 Effect of active carbon dosage on de-coloration and pectin lost图图3-23-2脱色温度对脱色效果和果胶损失的影响脱色温度对脱色效果和果胶损失的影响Fig.3-2 Effect of temperature on de-coloration and pectin lost4th Chinese National Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Annual MeetingP
35、age 23三、向日葵盘果胶的脱色三、向日葵盘果胶的脱色图图3-4 pH3-4 pH值对果胶脱色效果和果胶损失的影响值对果胶脱色效果和果胶损失的影响Fig.3-4 Effect of pH on de-coloration and pectin lost图图3-33-3脱色时间对脱色效果和果胶损失的影响脱色时间对脱色效果和果胶损失的影响Fig.3-3 Effect of time on de-coloration and pectin lost4th Chinese National Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Annual MeetingPage
36、 24三、向日葵盘果胶的脱色三、向日葵盘果胶的脱色图图3-53-5静态下几种树脂的脱色效果静态下几种树脂的脱色效果Fig.3-5 The de-coloration effect of resin on static state4th Chinese National Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Annual MeetingPage 25三、向日葵盘果胶的脱色三、向日葵盘果胶的脱色图图3-63-6静态吸附动力学曲线静态吸附动力学曲线Fig.3-6The curve of static state absorption dynamics图图3-73-
37、7 lnln（1-F1-F）与）与t t的关系的关系Fig.3-7 The relation of ln（1-F）and t4th Chinese National Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Annual MeetingPage 26三、向日葵盘果胶的脱色三、向日葵盘果胶的脱色图图3-83-8树脂用量对果胶脱色效果的影响树脂用量对果胶脱色效果的影响Fig.3-8 Influence of different resin dosage on de-coloration4th Chinese National Chemical and Biochem
38、ical Engineering Annual MeetingPage 27三、向日葵盘果胶的脱色三、向日葵盘果胶的脱色图图3-93-9上柱液上柱液pHpH值对脱色效果和果胶损失的影响值对脱色效果和果胶损失的影响Fig.3-9 Influence of different pH on de-coloration and pectin lost3-103-10上柱液温度对脱色效果和果胶损失的影响上柱液温度对脱色效果和果胶损失的影响Fig.3-10 Influence of different temperature on de-coloration and pectin lost4th Chin
39、ese National Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Annual MeetingPage 28三、向日葵盘果胶的脱色三、向日葵盘果胶的脱色图图3-113-11不同流速对脱色效果的影响不同流速对脱色效果的影响Fig.3-11 Influence of different velocity of flow on de-coloration4th Chinese National Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Annual MeetingPage 29两种脱色方法的比较两种脱色方法的比较 本实验中树脂比活性炭
40、的脱色率提高了本实验中树脂比活性炭的脱色率提高了12.7%12.7%。由于活性炭的颗粒。由于活性炭的颗粒比较少，容易在溶液中残留，控制不好条件就会使沉淀后的果胶呈灰比较少，容易在溶液中残留，控制不好条件就会使沉淀后的果胶呈灰色，灰分也比较高；而使用树脂脱色不但能除去果胶液中的大部分色色，灰分也比较高；而使用树脂脱色不但能除去果胶液中的大部分色素，而且还可以除去溶液中的杂质，使沉淀后的果胶中的灰分大大减素，而且还可以除去溶液中的杂质，使沉淀后的果胶中的灰分大大减少。同时研究发现，活性炭比较适合色素浓度比较高的溶液，树脂由少。同时研究发现，活性炭比较适合色素浓度比较高的溶液，树脂由于其吸附能力的限
41、制，比较适合对色素浓度较低的溶液脱色。于其吸附能力的限制，比较适合对色素浓度较低的溶液脱色。三、向日葵盘果胶的脱色三、向日葵盘果胶的脱色4th Chinese National Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Annual MeetingPage 30(1)向日葵盘果胶液活性炭脱色的最佳工艺条件为：活性炭用量为向日葵盘果胶液活性炭脱色的最佳工艺条件为：活性炭用量为1g/100ml、果胶液、果胶液pH值为值为4、脱色温度为、脱色温度为60、脱色时间为、脱色时间为30min，脱，脱色率可达色率可达71.6%；(2)向日葵盘葵盘果胶液树脂脱色的最佳工艺条件为
42、：上柱液向日葵盘葵盘果胶液树脂脱色的最佳工艺条件为：上柱液pH值值为为4、上柱液温度为常温、流速为、上柱液温度为常温、流速为3.6BV/h，脱色率可达，脱色率可达84.3%；(3)树脂脱色所得产品无论脱色率还是质量都优于活性炭脱色，尤树脂脱色所得产品无论脱色率还是质量都优于活性炭脱色，尤其是该方法适宜于工业化生产。其是该方法适宜于工业化生产。3.3.小结小结三、向日葵盘果胶的脱色三、向日葵盘果胶的脱色4th Chinese National Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Annual MeetingPage 31四、向日葵盘果胶的沉淀四、向日葵盘果胶
43、的沉淀图图4-14-1浓缩倍数对果胶产量和纯度的影响浓缩倍数对果胶产量和纯度的影响Fig.4-1 Influence of concentrated physical volume on pectin extraction and purity图图4-24-2酒精用量对果胶产量和纯度的影响酒精用量对果胶产量和纯度的影响Fig.4-2 Influence of concentrated physical volume on pectin extraction and purity4th Chinese National Chemical and Biochemical Engineering A
44、nnual MeetingPage 32图图4-3 pH4-3 pH值对果胶产量和纯度的影响值对果胶产量和纯度的影响Fig.4-3 Influence of pH on pectin extraction and purity四、向日葵盘果胶的沉淀四、向日葵盘果胶的沉淀4th Chinese National Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Annual MeetingPage 33序号浓缩倍数酒精用量pH值空白产量(g)纯度(%)111112.8657.71212223.1862.43313332.6860.29421233.5865.4352231
45、3.1460.17623123.8179.34731322.8761.76832133.6478.82933213.3281.05产量K18.729.3110.31K210.539.9610.08K39.839.818.69k12.9073.1033.437k23.5103.3203.360k33.2773.2702.897R0.6030.2170.540浓缩倍数pH值酒精度数纯度K1180.43184.90215.87K2204.94201.42209.31K3222.03221.08182.22k160.14361.63371.957k268.31367.14069.770k374.010
46、73.69360.740R13.86712.06011.217浓缩倍数酒精度数pH值四、向日葵盘果胶的沉淀四、向日葵盘果胶的沉淀表4-3果胶沉淀工艺的正交实验设计及结果Tab.4-3 The orthogonal experiment design and result of concentrate precipitation techtics4th Chinese National Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Annual MeetingPage 34(1)(1)所选择的三个因素对果胶的产量都影响不大，各所选择的三个因素对果胶的产量都影响不大，各
47、因素之间的主次顺序为：浓缩倍数因素之间的主次顺序为：浓缩倍数pHpH值酒精用量；值酒精用量；三个因素对果胶的纯度影响都是显著的，各因素之间的三个因素对果胶的纯度影响都是显著的，各因素之间的主次顺序为：浓缩倍数酒精用量主次顺序为：浓缩倍数酒精用量pHpH值；值；(2)(2)向日葵盘果胶最佳浓缩沉淀条件：浓缩倍数为向日葵盘果胶最佳浓缩沉淀条件：浓缩倍数为4 4倍，倍，pHpH值为值为1.51.5，酒精用量为，酒精用量为70%70%，果胶纯度为，果胶纯度为81.65%81.65%。四、向日葵盘果胶的沉淀四、向日葵盘果胶的沉淀4.4.小结小结4th Chinese National Chemical
48、and Biochemical Engineering Annual MeetingPage 35浓度浓度C(kg/m3)rsp/Cln(sp/C)lnrlnr/C0.51.460.920-0.0830.3780.7570.61.590.983-0.0160.4640.7720.71.781.1140.1080.5770.8240.81.981.2250.2030.6830.8530.92.241.3770.3210.8060.8961.02.471.470.3850.9040.904表表5-1 5-1 向日葵盘果胶固有黏度的测定向日葵盘果胶固有黏度的测定Tab.5-1 Determinati
49、on of intrinsic viscosity of pectin五、向日葵盘果胶的理化性质五、向日葵盘果胶的理化性质4th Chinese National Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Annual MeetingPage 36图图5-15-1两种果胶溶液两种果胶溶液HugginsHuggins拟和直线图拟和直线图Fig 5-1 Linear fit of Huggins equation in two pectin solutions拟合方程拟合方程(m(m3 3/kg)/kg)R R2 2 MM 向日葵盘果胶向日葵盘果胶HugginsHu
50、ggins方程方程0.3150.3150.9900.990104902.62104902.62商品低酯商品低酯果胶果胶HugginsHuggins方程方程0.9450.9450.9890.98995663.8495663.84表表5-2 5-2 两种果胶固有粘度和粘均分子量两种果胶固有粘度和粘均分子量Tab.5-2 Intrinsic viscosity and weight average molecular M of two different pectins五、向日葵盘果胶的理化性质五、向日葵盘果胶的理化性质4th Chinese National Chemical and Bioche