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1、课时分层作业（十九）I .阅读理解A（2021南京市学情调研）QuijoteA Treatise of Human NatureDon Quijote by Miguel de CervantesMuch reading and book- learning can drive you to try and become one of the characters in your favorite novels. This is what happens to Don Quijote, who attempts many knightly（骑 土的）acts while stopped by
2、a world that has rejected knightly virtues.Cervantes combines all three elements一madness, comedy, and fantasy 一 in between conversations and adventures.Don Quijote by Miguel de CervantesMuch reading and book- learning can drive you to try and become one of the characters in your favorite novels. Thi
3、s is what happens to Don Quijote, who attempts many knightly（骑 土的）acts while stopped by a world that has rejected knightly virtues.Cervantes combines all three elements一madness, comedy, and fantasy 一 in between conversations and adventures.A Treatise of Human Nature by DavidHumeExploring the scienti
4、fically applied moral philosophy is the goal of this treatise.Building on early complaints against the endless guesses and arguments between philosophers , this work promotes a move away from metaphysical speculation （形而上学的猜 测）and a permanent shift toward systems based on observational facts.BROTHER
5、SKARAMAZOVTHfFYODOR DOSTOEVSKYNone by B. KovnerEinstein，s favourite reading during his last few months of his life was humorous stories of B. Kovner. Kovner wrote a series of humorous stories.None by B. KovnerEinstein，s favourite reading during his last few months of his life was humorous stories of
6、 B. Kovner. Kovner wrote a series of humorous stories.The Brothers Karamazov by DostoevskyIn the book, each character is representative of one of the ruling classes.There is the father Fyodor, the landowner who is careless about hisA. Many people die of hunger in Africa.B. True as it might be , we s
7、hould spend our money wisely.C. Why not donate money to those in need of financial aid?D. Upon reflection, however, I have come to change my mind.E. You almost certainly spend money helping the wrong people.F. In a world where thousands die of hunger every day, thats a pretty comfortable life.G. Rat
8、her, we should aid those who are the least responsible for the situation they re in.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲了我们不应该盲目地对 乞丐施舍。1. D 考查上下文衔接。空前一句讲到了 “我有时候会给乞丐钱”，而空 后一句那么讲到了 “请允许我解释原因”，再结合下文表述的原因我们给予乞 丐的每一美元都会让乞讨获得的好处越多，相对地使工作获得的好处越少，乞丐 可能会把乞讨来的钱花在买酒上等可知，空处讲的应该是作者不再对乞丐施舍， 故D项符合语境。2. E 考查上下文衔接。根据本段讲到的第二个不再
9、给乞丐施舍的原因可 知，E项“你十有八九是在花钱帮助错误的人”符合语境，与上句相衔接。3. F 考查上下文衔接。空前一句讲到了 “根据这首歌的歌词判断，这个 人有鞋穿，偶尔还能读报“，而空后一句那么提出了这么一个问题“所以你为什么 要把钱给一个兴旺国家的乞丐，而不是给非洲挨饿的儿童呢”，据此可以判断， 空处应该是对空前一句所讲的情况的评价，所以F项符合语境。4. B 考查上下文衔接。空前一句讲到了 “你想怎么花钱看起来都是合理 的“，而空后两句那么讲到了 “如果我们的目的是使自己受益，那么给乞丐钱是不 合适的。如果我们的目的是使他人受益，那么给乞丐钱也是浪费的”，据此可知， 空处讲到的应是虽然
10、这可能是真的，但我们应该明智地花钱，故B项符合语境。5. G 考查上下文衔接。空前一句讲到了 “想要帮助别人，我们不应 该”，空处一般会讲到“我们应该”，再根据空后句意”为了实现这一 目标，我们应该首先决定我们愿意花费多少钱去帮助他人，然后再去捐钱给效率 最高的慈善机构”可知，G项符合语境。land, but greedy in using its produce forhimself. Theres Dmitri, who has beenpassed around from house to house, andgentle Alyosha, the mysteriouspeacemake
11、r. The themes of love， law,and duty make it one of the best Dostoevsky，s books to read.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四本书，包括其作者等相关信息。1. Which book probably explores the link between science and human nature?A.None.B. Don Quijote.C. A Treatise of Human Nature.D The Brothers Karamazov.C 细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词science a
12、nd human nature定位到原文 中 A Treatise of Human Nature 中的“Exploring the scientifically applied moral philosophy is the goal of this treatise.可知，写作人性论的目的就是探索科 学应用的道德哲学，即探索科学与人性之间的关系，故C项正确。2. Which of the following contributes to the popularity of The Brothers Karamazov?A Rich imagination.B Humor applied t
13、o writing.C Themes of love， law and duty.D. Characters representing ruling classes.C 细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词popularity定位到原文The Brothers Karamazov 中的“The themes of love, law, and duty make it one of the best Dostoevsky? s books to read. v可知，爱、法律和责任的主题使卡拉马佐夫兄弟 成为人们读的陀思妥耶夫斯基的最好的书之一，故C项正确。3. Whats the purpose o
14、f the passage?A To inform readers of the books .B. To share studies of the books.C. To evaluate the contents of the books.D To compare the features of the books.A 写作目的题。本文介绍了四本书的相关信息，故A项正确。B（2021 湖北省局部重点学校联考）A group of volunteers joined forces to form a human chain to free four dolphins which had be
15、en stranded（搁浅）in a canal for four days. The four dolphins were seen in the water near the Fossil Park neighborhood in St. Petersburg, Florida, US, on Sunday. Experts from the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission（FWC） had monitored the dolphins， activities in the past few days and hoped
16、 that they would swim out with the tide.But when the dolphins struggled to leave the canal, the brave volunteers joined members of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the Clearwater Marine Aquarium to form a rescue team to free them. Dozens of people gathered to take videos and p
17、ictures of the kind act. A team of 14 volunteers held hands to act as a block to guide the dolphins out of the narrow canal. They shouted and patted the water with their hands to direct the dolphins to vast expanses of Riviera Bay. Dolphins find their way in the water through echolocation （回声定位）. Th
18、at means that they can recognize the echoes of sound waves that bounce off objects to find their way around.Andy Garrett, a biologist of the FWC said, “We were able to keep that chain together. The dolphins were interested. They actually came over right away. He added that when the team reached a br
19、idge, the dolphins appeared a bit nervous and started doing some spins. They made one real hard pass at our team and then went under the bridge and took off, “ Garrett said. The operation lasted about 45 minutes and the rescue team did not use nets or any items that could stress the dolphins.【语篇解读】本
20、文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲的是志愿者们帮助解救被困 在运河里的四只海豚的故事。4. What can we know about the dolphins from paragraph 1?A. They formed a chain to protect themselves.B. They lived in the water near the Fossil Park.C. They were observed in secret by volunteers.D. They were forced to stay in a canal for four days.D 细节理解题。根据文章第
21、一段中的“four dolphins which had been stranded in a canal for four days”可次口，D 项正确。5. Why did volunteers shout and pat the water?A. To make sounds to attract some people.B. To guide the dolphins out to Riviera Bay.C. To celebrate the success of saving dolphins.D. To test the different reactions of the do
22、lphins.B 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的They shouted and patted. to direct the dolphins to vast expanses of Riviera Bay.”可知，志愿者们喊叫、拍打水面是 为了引导海豚前往里维埃拉湾，故B项正确。6. What words could best describe the volunteers?A Brave and caring .B Cautious and humorous.C. Smart and ambitious.D Optimistic and energetic.A 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句
23、中的“the brave volunteers”，并结合文章 讲述的志愿者们帮助解救被困在运河里的海豚的故事可知，志愿者们是勇敢且乐 于助人的，故A项正确。7. Whats the main idea of the text?A. Dolphins swam to the canal to hunt for food.B. Rescuers formed a human chain to save dolphins.C. Volunteers helped four dolphins escape from nets.D. Experts studied the ways of dolphin
24、s，finding directions.B 主旨大意题。本文讲述志愿者们帮助解救被困在运河里的四只海豚的故 事，故B项正确。C（2021山东中学联盟大联考）To say there are many new holiday romantic comedies made for television every year is the kind of understatement nearly like a joke. One of the reasons why they tend to be formulaic （公式化的）is that to tell a love story in r
25、oughly an hour and a half without challenging an audience，s settled expectations, there are only so many ways to go with the rhythm. Perhaps thats why Netflix has better luck with Dash & Lily, an eight- episode 集）limited series thats got the charm that a lot of holiday films lack.Our story begins wh
26、en a lonely Lily leaves an interesting note in a notebook on the shelf at The Strand, hoping a stranger will start an adventure with her. Dash finds it and reads it, and he accepts its challenge. Thus begins a correspondence in which they each write in the notebook and then leave it somewhere for th
27、e other, so that they never meet in person, but they get to send each other to their favorite places, sometimes to complete dares before the notebook can be found. Now, you do not want to think too carefully about this一the idea that Lilys original clue would be found by an age-appropriate straight b
28、oy who likes mysteries and looks like he was born to be in adaptations almost as much as she does is the height of magic, so just stay relaxed and go with it.These eight episodes, each around 30 minutes, never drag ； they fly by joyfully. The ending, as is often the case with love stories, is a litt
29、le messy but worth cheering for. It，s as lovely and comfortable as you could want it to be, just about perfect for a weekend with a blanket over you .【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了影视作品达什与莉莉， 包括其成功之处等。8. What made Dash & Lily stand out among other films?A. Being formulaic to tell a romantic story.B. Presenting
30、 a new romantic television show.C. Attracting the audience with its typical charm.D. Satisfying the audience，s settled expectations.C 细节理解题。由第一段最后一句可知，达什与莉莉有着许多假日电 影所缺乏的魅力。应选C。9. What does the underlined word correspondence“ in paragraph 2 probablymean?A. Relationship.B. Communication.C. Study.D. Ac
31、tion.B 词义猜想题。根据画线词后的“they each write. never meet in person” 可知，他们在笔记本上写东西，然后把它留在某地给对方，这样他们就不用见面， 由此可知他们通过笔记本保持联系。故B项正确。10. Which of the following best describes Dash?A Preferring reading.B Behaving strangely.C Acting romantically.D Enjoying adventures.D 推理判断题。由第二段中的 “hoping a stranger will start an
32、adventure with her. Dash finds it and reads it, and he accepts its challenge v *口“boy who likes mysteries”可以推知，Dash应该是一个喜欢冒险的男孩。应选D。11. What is the purpose of this text?A. To introduce a charming movie.B To recommend a holiday comedy.C. To praise the romantic director.D. To explain what makes a good
33、 film.B 写作目的题。本文介绍了一部影视作品达什与莉莉，包括其成 功之处和剧情简介等，再结合文章最后一句可知，本文是为了推荐一部假日喜剧 片,应选B。D(2021湖南省四校联考)The Department of Energy (DOE) is dealing with a tough research problem that has troubled experts for more than a decade: developing a low-cost alternative to the present jet fuel.The search began around 2010
34、, originally pushed by the concerns about the country5 s reliance on imported oil. More recently, airlines have raised the question themselves. There are potential restrictions on the amount of carbon dioxide from jet airliners and a lack of an electricity- fueled replacement for their heavy planes.
35、Researchers at DOEs National Renewable Energy Laboratory （NREL） are taking a fresh look at a promising family of new and plentiful raw materials: food wastes and urban used water containing human manure（粪月巴）.Everyone is beginning to see the potential of taking these organic materials that we normall
36、y have sent to landfills or wastewater treatment plants, “ said Derek Vardon, a senior research engineer at NREL. Manure and food wastes contain fatty acids that can be changed to link their chain- like structures together. The result is a liquid fuel, Vardon explained, one that has seven times the
37、energy of methane一the major component of natural gas. Thats needed to get a heavy airliner off the ground.Other researchers are also sensing the potential of rich and low- carbon resources that could be developed by working with wastewater treatment plants. One of them is Yu Jianping, the main resea
38、rcher of a separate NREL project that is exploring how to remove major and troublesome water pollutants from conventional wastewater treatment processes. His idea is to feed the pollutants to algae （海藻）in the wastewater plants and then sell the algae as a product that can be made into commercial fer
39、tilizers （月巴格!*）. Yus idea is to collect and develop special algae, so they can remove as much as 50% of the pollutants from processed waste water. Growing more powerful algae, he points out, will also be a way to remove more CO2 from the air. The outcome is that it could reduce the amount of energy
40、 needed to run wastewater plants. Thats the goal. Our main motivation is future environmental requirements, Yu said.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科研人员利用海藻来处理污水中的污染物的构想。12. Why are the airlines anxious to find a new kind of jet fuel?A. Their planes are heavier than before.B. They want to rely less on imported
41、oil.C. Their oil fuel harms the environment.D. They need to cut costs of electrical energy.C 推理判断题。根据第二段中的 “More recently, airlines have raised the question themselves. There are potential restrictions on the amount of carbon dioxide from jet airliners可知，航空公司面临潜在的二氧化碳排放限制问题，所以需要 替代燃料。据此推断，航空公司寻找新能源的
42、根本原因就是目前的石油燃料引起 了环境问题，对环境有害。应选C。13. What can we learn about the liquid fuel according to Vardon?A It has as much energy as natural gas.B. It can be changed into fatty acids.C. If s born out of organic wastes.D. Its similar to natural gas in structure.C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“new and plentiful raw materials:
43、food wastes and urban used water containing human manure（粪月巴）“,口第四段中的“these organic materials u Manure and food wastes contain fatty acids that can be changed to link their chain-like structures together. The result is a liquid fuel, Vardon explained v可知，Vardon提到的有机原料指的是粪肥和食物垃圾，而粪肥和食物 垃圾中含有脂肪酸，这些脂肪酸
44、可以通过变化来把它们相似的链结构连起来，最 终结果就是液态燃料。由此可知，液态燃料产生于有机废弃物。应选C。14. What role does algae play in Yu Jianpings idea?A. Cleaning processed waste water.B Producing green fuel.C. Making commercial fertilizers.D. Absorbing waste water.A 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的His idea is to feed the pollutants to algae in the wastewater pl
45、ants” “Yus idea is to collect and develop special algae, so they can remove as much as 50%of the pollutants from processed waste water .”可埃口, 按 照Yu Jia叩ing的构想，这些海藻能够吃掉处理过的污水中的污染物，采集并培 育特定的海藻，这些海藻就可以去除处理过的污水中多达50%的污染物，即这种 海藻有净化处理过的污水的作用。应选A。15. What does the text mainly tell us?A. Developing new fuel
46、 is quite necessary for airlines.B. Researchers find a way of environmental protection.C. Wastewater plants are a very useful source of new energy.D. Search for clean jet fuel leads scientists to wastewater plants.D 主旨大意题。本文第一段介绍研究者开始寻找新能源的话题；第二段介 绍其原因；接下来介绍研究者将目光投向了 一般被运送到污水处理厂的废弃物以 及研究者对污水处理厂海藻新应用
47、的研究情况。综上可知，本文介绍的新能源方 案说明研究者们的目光汇聚到了一处污水处理厂，故D选项概括了文章大 意。II.阅读七选五（2021浙江省五校联考）1 have sometimes given money to beggars.1 Pleaselet me explain why.First, for every dollar that we give to a beggar, the more profitable we make begging and, comparatively, the less profitable we make working. This is bad,
48、for we want people to work, not beg. Working is productive while begging is at best neutral and often a burden. Second, the beggar who receives the money might spend it on alcohol or drugs. 2When I went to elementary school, I remember that I was very moved by a song named “Streets of LondonThe song tells a heartbreaking story about some of Londons poorest people, an old man in particular. Not long ago, however, when I heard the song on the radio, it str