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1、课时分层作业（四十一）I.阅读理解A（2021湖d匕省期末联考）Chinese New Year is a celebration marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. This is why decorating rooms with plants, fruits and blooming flowers carries special significance. They represent the earth coming back to life and wishes for new begi
2、nnings. Here are some of the most popular things and their special meanings：Orange TreesOrange trees are more than decorations; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth. They make great gifts and you see them many times decorated with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. The fruits are al
3、so some of the “lucky” foods which are a must during the celebration.BambooChinese love their “Lucky Bamboon plants and you will see them often in their homes and offices. Certainly during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants and stems are used frequently in feng shut and are asso
4、ciated with health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy to care for and make great presents .Branches of Plum Blossoms （梅花）The beautiful long branches covered with pink-colored buds （蒋蕾）make fantastic decorations. The plum trees are the first to flower even as snow is melting after a cold wint
5、er. They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.PeoniesPeonies represent prosperity and peace and are considered as Chinas national flower; they are often a subject of classical paintings. The peony is also known as the “king of flowers“ and represents royalty, virtue and honor.Narcis
6、siNarcissi flower right around Chinese New Year and are considered as a symbol of luck and wealth. Their sweet fragrance （芳香）is also highly respected in Chinese culture.【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了中国春节一些最受欢迎的的工作）可作为本段主旨句。装饰植物及其特殊意义。1. If you are not good at growing plants, which will you probably choose?A.
7、 Bamboo.B. Plum blossoms.C. Peonies.D. Narcissi.A 细节理解题。根据Bamboo局部中的They are easy to care for”可知，照 料竹子是容易的，故不擅长种植植物的人有可能选择竹子，故A项正确。2. What is special about the peony?A. Oil painters prefer painting it.B. It is usually used inf eng shui.C. It bears fruits considered as lucky foods.D. It is called the
8、 “king of flowersD 细节理解题。根据Peonies局部中的“The peony is also known as the king of flowers ” 可知，D 项正确。3. In which section may this text appear?A Entertainment.B. Health.C. Culture.D. Science.C 题。本文主要介绍了中国春节一些最受欢迎的装饰植物及其特 殊意义。这与文化紧密相关，由此可推知，本文可能摘自“文化板块。故C 项正确。B（2021大连市双基测试卷）Looking back is a wonderful thi
9、ng. It allows you to see what has led you here and, hopefully, how society has changed and improved.Take, for instance, my career goal. First, I wanted, in 1999, to be a “farmer”， soon archaeologist, then driving instructor and somewhere along the way, footballer.I had grown up in a football- loving
10、 family. I remember the exact moment when I said T m sad I can，t be a fbotballef, while watching the game with Dad as a pre-teen. He asked why not. Because Im not a boy. He immediately responded, “You can, if you want to. ” “Yeah, I suppose so, “ I sighed, “but no one watches womens football.Looking
11、 back, I can see exactly why I felt like that. At school, there was an unwritten rule that sports like hockey and netball were girl” sports and rugby and football were for the boys. f d never seen a womens football match on TV. You see, you can，t be what you cant see, and lack of representation lead
12、s, at best, to misunderstanding, and at worst, fear and negative opinions.Today, the Lionesses took on Scotland in the World Cup, and people across the world tuned in. But, although women，s football is one of FIFAs best investments, the majority of female players are earning under a fair wage. Some
13、argue that thats because viewing statistics are lower than those of mens, but the rise in support shows the demand is there. Hopefully, more investment will push female football forward.Today, f 11 be cheering on the Lionesses, because it H mean talented, skillful female footballers being broadcast
14、into millions of homes and maybe, just maybe, a little girl believing that she can also be a Lioness one day.【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章以作者足球梦的放弃为例，告诉人们个人梦想与时代开展和社会进步密切相关。4. Which of the following best describes the author5 s career goals?A. Realistic.B. Changeable.C Consistent.D. Long- sought.B 细节理解题。根据第二段
15、中的First, I wanted, in 1999, to be a farmer, soon archaeologist, then driving instructor and somewhere along the way, footballer. v可知，作者的职业目标一直在变化，故B项正确。5. Why didnt the author believe she could be a footballer?A. She was not talented enough.B. People lost faith in womens football.C. Girls were forbi
16、dden to play football.D. She had no example to follow.D 推理判断题。根据第四段中的 “Id never seen a womens football match on TV. You see, you cant be what you cant see” 可以推断，作者没有在电视上 看到过女性足球比赛，没有典范可循，因此认为自己不能成为一名足球运发动， 故D项正确。6. What can we know about womens football from paragraph 5?A. Its better paid than mens.
17、B. It is increasingly popular.C. It has no market demand.D. It is not profitable.B 细节理解题。根据第五段中的but the rise in support shows the demand is there”可知，对女足的资助增多说明对女足的需求存在，由此可知B项正确。7. What does the text mainly want to tell us?A. Society advances with time.B Women deserve equal rights .C. Each goal is wo
18、rth pursuing.D. Hard work always pays off.A 主旨大意题。本文的中心句为第一殳中的“ It allows you to see what has led you here and, hopefully, how society has changed and improved. ”。文章以 作者想成为一名女足球运发动，却由于没有典范可循而放弃切入话题，文章后半 局部讲随着时代的开展，社会在进步，女足得到了更多的投资和关注，所以这篇 文章主要想告诉我们随着时代的开展，社会在进步，故A项正确。C（2021河d匕省九校联考）Anyone who commut
19、es （通勤）by car knows that traffic jams are an unavoidable part of life. But humans are not alone in facing potential jams.Ants also commute一between their nests and sources of food. The survival of their colonies depends on doing this efficiently.When humans commute, theres a point at which cars becom
20、e dense （稠密的） enough to slow down the flow of traffic, causing a jam. Researchers wanted to know if ants on the move could also get stuck. So they regulated traffic density by constructing bridges of various widths between a colony of Argentine ants and a source of food. Then they waited and watched
21、, trying to find out at what point they were going to have a traffic jam.But it appeared that that never happened. They always managed to avoid a traffic jam. The flow of ants did increase in the beginning as ants started to fill the bridge and then levelled off at high density. But it never slowed
22、down or stopped, even when the bridge was nearly filled with ants.The researchers then took a closer look at how the behaviour of individual ants impacted traffic as a whole. And they found that when ants sense overcrowding, they adjust their speeds and avoid entering high- density areas, which prev
23、ents jams. Their behaviour may be promoted by pheromones, chemicals that can tell other ants where a trail is. The ants also manage to avoid colliding （碰撞）with each other at high density, which could really slow them down.Can ants help us solve our own traffic problems? Not likely. Thats because whe
24、n it comes to getting from point A to point B as fast as possible, human drivers put their own goals first. Individual ants have to be more cooperative in order to feed the colony. But the research could be useful in improving traffic flow for self- driving cars, which can be designed to be less lik
25、e selfish humansand more like ants.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，蚂蚁在往返于巢穴和食物源 之间时，如果感觉到过度拥挤就会作出调整以防止交通堵塞。这项研究在改善自 动驾驶汽车的交通流量上可能有用。8. What does the underlined word“this” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Surviving.B. Commuting.C. Finding food.D. Avoiding jams.B 代词指代题。根据画线词所在句的上句可知，蚂蚁也会往返于它们的巢 穴和食物源之间。结合语境可知，此处表示它们群体的
26、生存依赖于高效地进行往 返。据此可知，this指代“commuting”，故B项正确。9. How did the researchers control the traffic density of the commuting ants?A Through closer observation.B. By regulating their numbers.C. By finding out the dense points.D. By controlling the widths of their path.D 细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句So they regulated traffi
27、c density. a source of food.”可知，研究人员通过建造不同宽度的桥来控制往返 于两地的蚂蚁的交通密度，故D项正确。10. How can ants avoid traffic jams according to the research?A. They follow a special route.B. They make their flow steady at high density.C. They never stop or slow down on the way.D. They depend on their natural chemicals to ma
28、ke adjustment.D 细节理解题。根据第五段第二、三句可知，当蚂蚁感觉到过度拥挤时， 它们会调整速度，防止进入高密度区域，从而防止交通堵塞；它们的行为可能是 由信息素推动的，信息素是一种化学物质，可以告诉其他蚂蚁路线的位置。据此 可知，蚂蚁是依赖自身的化学物质来作出调整以防止交通堵塞的，故D项正确。11. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Traffic JamsB Survival of an Ant ColonyC. Unavoidable? Not for Ants!D. Differenc
29、es between Humans and AntsC 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了这样一种现象：人类有交通堵 塞，可是交通堵塞在蚁群中不会发生，这是因为蚂蚁在感觉到过度拥挤时会作出 调整以防止交通堵塞。故C项最适合作为本文的标题。A项意为“交通堵塞”， 太空泛。D（2021温州市适应性测试）Fifty milliliters of perfume rests inside a piece of elegantly engineered glassware. This delicate bottle, in turn , sits within an equally elegant c
30、ardboard box. This box is wrapped（包装）in a thin layer of transparent plastic film and sealed with a holographic sticker. Would you like it gift-wrapped? ” asks the eager salesperson. Now another layer of glossy paper, complexity and ribbons is added. Finally, the whole thing is dropped into a cardboa
31、rd gift bag, bearing the shops branding.Surely, its the gift that counts. It turns out, however, that we appear to appreciate gifts more if they have been gift- wrapped. Studies found gift-wrapped presents were, on average, always rated more highly than non- wrapped ones. This preference was true ev
32、en when gift- wrapping was pretty basic, that is , no bows or ribbons. One explanation is that, on some level, what we appreciate is the extra effort that it takes to package and gift-wrap items so delicately.The downside of our love of beautiful packaging and seemly gift- wrapping, however, is that
33、 it has an impact on the environment. According to The Guardian, the United Kingdom alone consumes 8, 000 tons of wrapping paper a year. Using the most conservative estimates, it takes approximately 12 trees to produce one ton of paper: thats about 96, 000 trees in gift wrap each year for the UK alo
34、ne.Perhaps during festive periods, we could launch highly visible campaigns urging the disposal of gift wrap and product packaging within easily accessible recycling bins. Similarly, shops that offer gift- wrapping could be strongly encouraged to use only recycled paper. Beyond consumer and retailer
35、 efforts, producers also need to rethink their packaging一less is best. I would like to see all perfume bottles manufactured so as to be refillable, as they once were and still are in the more traditional Arabian perfume shops .【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，包装好的礼品总是比没有包 装的礼品得到更高的评价，但是过度的礼品包装会对环境造成不良影响。12. How
36、does the writer begin the passage?A By making a comparison.B. By describing a scene.C By presenting a reason.D. By raising a question.B 细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，文章首段主要描述了香水自身的 包装以及售货员用礼品包装纸包装香水的情形，应选B。13. What does the gift-wrapping preference cause?A The boom of non- wrapped gifts.B. Fierce competition bet
37、ween shops.C. The disappearance of simple packaging.D. Unnecessary consumption of resources.D 推理判断题。根据第三段的 “The downside of our love of beautiful packaging and seemly gift-wrapping, however, is that it has an impact on the environment. ”可知，我们喜欢的漂亮的礼品包装会对我们的环境造成不良影响， 接着作者又用具体的数据说明生产礼品包装会消耗大量的树木，由此可知，
38、对礼品包装的偏好会导致不必要的资源消耗，应选D。14. Whats the writer5 s attitude towards traditional Arabian perfume shops?A. Reserved.B. Favorable.C. Ambiguous.D. Opposed.B 观点态度题。根据文章最后一句话力would like to see all perfume bottles manufactured so as to be refillable, as they once were and still are in the more traditional Ara
39、bian perfume shops. ”可知，作者希望所有的香水瓶都可以重复使 用，即香水用完之后可以再装，而比拟传统的阿拉伯香水商店就一直有这样的香 水瓶，故作者对阿拉伯香水商店的态度是支持的。15. What can be the best title for the text?A. Sending Fewer Gifts Is BetterB Gift- wrapping Is Here to StayC. It Makes No Sense to Wrap GiftsD. Gift- wrapping Culture Needs to ChangeD 标题归纳题。文章标题应该具有涵盖
40、文章大意的特点。通读全文可知， 本文主要讲述的是现在的礼品过度包装的问题，作者提倡应该简化礼品的包装。 故D项作为本文标题最正确。II.阅读七选五（2021福建省诊断性练习）People often want to simplify their lives. It has a lot of stress to have a complicated life, full of schedules, meetings, possessions, and so forth. Usually, a simpler life translates as less anxiety, stress and
41、worry. 1 Follow the step-by-step process below to simplify your life.First, get rid of all the possessions you havent used in the last year. If you havent put a thing to use in one year, it is probably not worth keeping ：2 Putanything you havent used in one year in that bag.Next, manage your social
42、media and electronics usage. We usually spend more time on our devices than we imagine. These days, people can spend the majority of their days on social media and electronic devices. These all- in- one devices are great tools. 3On a deeper level, we can simplify our thinking. Most of our thinking i
43、s not necessary. 4 If you do not want to go that far, try to ignore the thoughts that are not related to the present. A continuous stream of thoughts is not necessary. Sure, some planning should be done for the future, but there is no need to overthink.5 We can get rid of possessions that are noness
44、ential, manage our social media and electronics usage, and also clean up our thinking so that we are more in the present and do not engage in unnecessary worry, or anxiety. All these things take energy and time, of which we only have a limited amount.A. No thought is important.B Get rid of electroni
45、c devices .C. So, how do we simplify our lives?D. Is planning our thoughts effort- making?E. Simplifying our lives is a complex task.F. But they should not become the main focus of our life.G. Get a big garbage bag and walk around your living space.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章就简化生活从三个方面提出了建议: 清理所有你去年未曾用过的私人物品
46、、管理你的社交媒体以及电子设备的使用、 简化思考。1. C 考查上下文衔接。空后讲到按照下面的步骤一步一步地简化生活， 因此空处应是对此句的设问，故C项“那么怎样简化我们的生活呢？“符合语 境。2. G 考查上下文衔接。根据空后句中的“in that bag”可知，空处应提到 “bag”，故G项（找个大垃圾袋，绕着你的生活空间走）与空后句“把一年内不用 的东西放到那个袋里”语意连贯，符合逻辑，应选G项。3. F 考查上下文衔接。根据本段主旨句可知，要管理电子设备的使用， 结合空前一句可知，虽然这些多功能电子设备是很好的工具，但是它们不应成为 我们生活中的重心，故F项符合语境。4. A 考查上下文衔接。根据本段首句可知，本段主要讲我们可以简化思 考。空前讲我们大局部的思考是不必要的，A项（没有思考很重要）是对上句的递 进性阐述，符合语境。5. E 考查段落主旨句。根据本段尾句可知，上述的三条建议都要花费精 力与时间，而我们的精力与时间是有限的。故E项（简化我们的生活是一项复杂