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1、代词代词,名词及数名词及数词词1一一人称代词单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus 第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimtheythemsheheritit2考点考点 连续使用两个以上人称代词时,顺序为:第二人称+第三人称+第一人称You,Jim and Iyou and he/himMy friend and IHenry and I3二二 物主代词物主代词单数单数单数复数复数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称形容词性myyourHis,her,itsouryourtheir名词性mineyours His,hers,itsoursyourstheir
2、s4考点考点1 形容词性物主代词可与own连用,表示自己 所有或随身带有的事物.I want to have a house of my own.He started a business of his own.I have been living on my own for years.2 2 形容词性物主代词不能作表语形容词性物主代词不能作表语.3 名词性物主代词可与名词性物主代词可与of of连用连用,构成双重属格构成双重属格 如如:a friend of mine.5三三 反身代词反身代词单数复数第一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称
3、himself,herself,itselfthemselves6考点考点 1 1 常见反身代词短语常见反身代词短语￥beside oneself 发狂,情不自禁besideoneself=outofcontrolI stood there beside myself,thinking hard about the weather￥by oneself 单独地,独自地￥for oneself 独立地，亲自地7for oneselffor oneself独自地；独立地；亲自地独自地；独立地；亲自地Do you think it is possible for a robot to think f
4、or itself?你认为机器人可能会独立思考吗?You should do your homework for yourself你应该独立完成作业。One cant do such a thing for oneself这样的事一个人是做不来的。8归纳拓展for oneself强调独自做某事，无人帮忙。by oneself独自地(alone)指单独一个人，无人做伴 in oneself本来，本身of oneself自动地，自发地The old man lives by himself in a lonely villageThe door opened of itselfHe is clev
5、er in himself9四四 疑问代词疑问代词Who,whom,whose,what,which10考点考点1 who/what/which+ever 加强语气加强语气 Who are you looking for?Whoever are you looking for?What do you mean?Whatever do you mean?11考点考点2 what vs.whichwhat的提问范围没有限制,强调内容:是什么.Which指的是在一定范围内的选择,强调选择:是哪个.3 who与与which的区别同上的区别同上.12五五 指示代词指示代词This,that,these,
6、those,such,the same,it13考点考点1 such 作主语,宾语,表语Such is human nature that a great many people are willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of working in an office.His remarks were _ annoy everybody at the meeting.a so as tob such as toc such tod as much as to 14六六 不定代词不定代词Some,somebody,someone,
7、something,any,anybody,anyone,anything,no,nobody,no one,nothing,all,both,neither,none,either,each,every,everybody,everyone,everything,other,another,much,many,few,a few,little,a little,one,enough.151-thing,-body,-one+elsesThepenissomeoneelses.2陈述部分主语是不定代词陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody,anyone,somebody,nobody,noo
8、ne等，反意等，反意疑问部分常用复数疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数，有时也用单数he。Everyoneknowstheanswer,dontthey?(doeshe?)Everyonefastenedtheirseatbelts.Everyoneenjoyedthemselves/himself?NobodyphonedwhileIwasout,_?A.didnttheyB.didntheC.didtheyD.didthere16考点考点3 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything,that,nothing,this,疑问部分主语用it。Everythingisready,
9、isntit?4each所指对象的范围是限定的所指对象的范围是限定的,表示若干个表示若干个固定数目中的一个固定数目中的一个,every没有这样的限制没有这样的限制,泛指任何一个泛指任何一个.5other另外的人或物另外的人或物;others复数复数:另外的人另外的人或物或物17考点考点6.every vs.each_ side of the street was crowded with people._ side of the square was crowded with people.Every全体全体Each个别个别We want every child to succeed.Each
10、 child will find his own personal road to success.eacheach/every18Everyone=everybody=all people 只能指人，意在所有的人Everyone=each person or thing 即可指人又可指物，强调个体。Everyone 后面不可以跟of短语，而every one 可以适用于anyone,any one,someone,some one19七七 名词名词 考点考点1the+形容词形容词表示一类人时谓语用复数表示一类人时谓语用复数,如如:therich,thepoor;表示不可数的事物或表示不可数的
11、事物或抽象概念时用单数抽象概念时用单数,如如:thegood,theugly,theunknown等等.Inthatcountry,therich_richer,thepoor,poorer.a.becomeb.hasbecomec.becomesd.isbecoming20七七 名词名词 考点考点2 表示时间、距离、金额、面积、重量、体积、容积等度量衡的名词做主语时，谓语用单数。3 有些集体名词形式上是单数,但谓语动词要用复数,如:people,police,cattle,mankind,clergy.4 man,woman+名词,构成的复合词中,两个都变复数,如:women writers
12、.21七七 名词名词 考点考点5 有些表示学科的名词词尾是复数形式有些表示学科的名词词尾是复数形式,但作但作单数处理单数处理,如如:mathematics,economics,statistics,linguistics.但不表示学科时但不表示学科时,作作复数对待复数对待.The statistics _ that living standards in the area have improved drastically in recent times.(2006.62)a provesb is provingc are provingd prove22Applicant situation
13、s:Applicant situations:a)名词中心词已在上下文出现过：b)Her memory is like an an elephantselephants.c)MarysMarys is the largest house.八八 名词所有格名词所有格 考点考点1 必须使用s的场合23 b)被省略的名词中心词表示某人的家或住宅 I am going to have hot pot at thethe Johnsons.Johnsons.The girlsThe girls is on the west side of the Dining hall.c)被省略的名词中心词表示教堂、
14、学校等公共场所 Joe lives near St.PaulsSt.Pauls in London.He was educated at Merchant TaylorsMerchant Taylors.d)被省略的中心词表示店铺，公司等 Pickled vegetables are available at the the grocersgrocers.Chinese toys are sold both at Smiths Smiths and at Browns.24s vs.of-phrasecommonality：the trunk of an elephant =an elepha
15、nts trunk the foreign policy of China =Chinas foreign policy名词表示地理专有名词或地方、机构名称时，可通用25Differences1.objects:2.animate objects-genitive3.inanimate,lifeless objects-of-phrase e.g.玛丽的T恤 Marys T-shirt 理发师的新店 the barbers new shop 汽车的颜色 the color of the car 计划的重要性 the importance of the plan 26Notice：while r
16、efering to people(animate objects),of-phrase can be used with the full names.The new job of BushThe new job of Gorge W.Bush27Notice:无生命名词用s属格的情况 1.表示时间：todaysnewspaper,a days journey.2.表示事物类别，属性 mens clothes p922.表示自然现象：the moons rays(月光)，the trees branch(树枝)。3.表示国家、城市等实体：the citys parks Chinas indu
17、strialization(中国的工业化)4.表示距离、价格、重量等：ten minutes walk,a stones throw(一箭之遥)5.表示拟人：the worlds population。6.固定表达：28 a wolf in sheeps clothing to ones hearts content at ones fingers ends/tips at deaths door29Abrahams bosom Abrahams bosom Achilles heelAchilles heel Adams wine Adams wine Adams apple Adams a
18、pple Caesars wife Caesars wife 不容置疑的人不容置疑的人 childs play cats paw childs play cats paw dogs life Pandoras box dogs life Pandoras boxat a moments notice at a snails paceat a moments notice at a snails pace 30必须用of情况1.名词词组由the+adjthe+adj构成时，构成时，或或 前后两个名词间是同位关系时用前后两个名词间是同位关系时用ofof thestruggleoftheexploi
19、tedthewelfareofthepoortheexperienceoftheoldtheincomeoftherichthecityofRomethetownofBremen theearof1919312.当名词带后置修饰语时 如果后置修饰语为分句时，只用of the man I knows car the lady living next doors hat the professor to consults comments322 双重所有格双重所有格双重属格中的中心词应该是非限定性的，中心词不能是专有名词，中心词前面也不能加定冠词the，但中心词前面可以用a，any，some及数词
20、来修饰：SomecowsofthefarmersThecowsofthefarmersAnydaughterofMrsBrownsiswelcome.The daughter of Mrs Browns is welcome.33八八 名词所有格名词所有格 考点考点2 双重所有格a.双重所有格所修饰的名词前有this/that时,带有明显的爱憎等感情色彩;That husband of hersb.当中心名词是portrait,picture,printing,photograph时,双重所有格表示有关的人的收藏,如:The picture of Marys 34IhatethatdogofA
21、llys.Itisbarkingallthetime.我讨厌阿莉的那只狗，它整天叫不停。ThosewordsofBillshurtmyfeelings.比尔的那番话伤透了我的心。ThisideaofJacksisreallywonderful！杰克的这个主意真是好极了。35Compare:Thephotosofthecollector(那位收藏家的相片)Thephotosofthecollectors(那位收藏家收藏的相片)Anaccusationofthesenator(对那位参议员的一次谴责)Anaccusationofthesenators(那位参议员作的一次谴责)36Some tric
22、ky problemsA picture of my fathers A picture of my father a photo of my grandfather a photo of my grandfathers statue,photo,picture,portrait,etc37Some tricky problemsA criticism of Marxs A criticism of Marxan old peasants storythe story of an old peasant The love of motherA praise of the present gov
23、ernmentOpinion,judgment,criticism,estimate38九九 数词数词 考点考点1 数词和名词,有时还有形容词,可构成复合形容词,名词用单数,中间用连字符,如:a two-week holidaya five-year-old boy2 当数词和名词连起来修饰形容词时,名词要用复数,不用连字符,如:Five years old39九九 数词数词 考点考点3dozen,score,hundred,thousand前有具体数字时,不用复数;如:Five hundred students4dozen,score,hundred,thousand表示很多但不确切的表示很
24、多但不确切的数时数时,用复数用复数,后接后接of:Hundreds of people5 两种表示顺序的方法:名词名词+基数词基数词 Chapter Five,the+序数词序数词+名词名词 the Fifth Chapter40九九 数词数词 考点考点6 表示”大约”:about,approximately,around+数词7 表示表示”多于多于”:above,more than,over+数词,如:people over thirty8 表示表示”少于少于”:below,under,less than+数词:less than a year9 十位数十位数+s+s表示表示:a man i
25、n his forties,the 1990s41九九 数词数词 考点考点10 倍数表示法倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than倍数+as+形容词/副词+as倍数+名词Double,triple,quadruple+名词11 分数表示法:One third;two thirds 42TEM-4Moreover,these Eskimo words are far more inflected than _ of any of the well-known European languages.(2002.38)a the othersb all othersc thesed thoseA sing
26、le noun can be spoken or written in _ hundred different forms.(2002.40)a someb severalc variousd varied43TEM-4a noun can be spoken or written in several hundred different forms,each having a precise meaning different from that of _.(2002.42)a the otherb an otherc any otherd the others44TEM-4_ of the
27、 twins was arrested,because I saw both at a party last night.(2002.52)a Noneb Bothc Neither d AllYour ideas,_,seem unusual to me.(2003.56)a like herb like hersc similar to herd similar to herself45l1.“全体”：三个或三个以上的全体：all 两个的全体：both =3都不：none，no =2都不：neither2.表示“全体中的每个”=3:every =2:each 表示“全体中的任何一个”=3:
28、any =2:either 46TEM-4Because fuel supplies are finite and many people are wasteful,we will have to install _ solar heating device in our home.(2005.56)a some type ofb some types of a c some type of ad some types of 47TEM-4Children who stay away from school do _ for different reasons.(2005.65)a themb
29、/c itd theirsWhy are you staring?Ive never seen _ tree before.(2005.66)a kind ofb that kind ofc such kindd such 48TEM-4Land belongs to the city;there is _ thing as private ownership of land.(2006.60)a no such ab not suchc not such a d no suchMy daughter has walked eight miles today.We never guessed
30、that she could walk _ far.(2006.61)a/b suchc thatd asThat副词表示强调49TEM-4The statistics _ that living standards in the area have improved drastically in recent times.(2006.62)a provesb is provingc are provingd prove50TEM-4Our association,which has consistently pressed for greater employment opportuniti
31、es for the disabled,will publish _ proposals in the near future.(2008.51)a theirb ourc hisd itsThe following are all correct responses to“Who told the news to the teacher?”EXCEPT(2008.61)a Jim did this.b Jim did so.c Jim did that.d Jim did.51TEM-4The square itself is five hundred yards wide,five tim
32、es _ the size of St.Peters in Rome.(2008.64)a/b that ofc which isd of 52Mock Test1 Americans eat _ as they actually need everyday.a twice as much proteinb twice protein as much twicec twice protein as much d protein as twice much53Mock Test2 _ in the office had a mistake,and the firm regretted causi
33、ng the customer inconvenience.a Someoneb Somec Anyone d One3 They will have it finished in _.a three quarter of an hour timeb three quarters of an hour timec three quarter of an hours timed three quarters of an hours time54Mock Test4 These books,which you can get at any bookshop,will give you _ you
34、need.a all the information b all the informationsc all of information d all of the informations5 No agreement was reached in the discussion as neither side would give way to _.a the otherb any otherc anotherd other 55Mock Test6 Although punctual himself,the professor was quite used _ late for his le
35、cture.a to have studentsb for students beingc for students to bed to students being 56Mock Test7 His kindness was _ that we will never forget him.a whatb whichc whod such 8 The grain output of our country has _ that before 1949.a three timesb tripledc twiced third of57Mock Test9 _ student with a lit
36、tle common sense should be able to answer the question.a Eachb Anyc Eitherd One10 Despite the wonderful acting and well-developed plot,the _ movie could not hold our attention.a three-hoursb three-hourc three-hourssd three-hours 58Mock Test11 We had a party last month,and it was a lot of fun,so lets
37、 have _ one this month.a anotherb morec the otherd other12 As I was just getting familiar with this job,I have_ to ask my boss.a manyb mostc mored much59Mock Test13 I walked too much yesterday and _ are still aching now.a my legs musclesb my muscles of legc my leg musclesd my muscles of the leg60Moc
38、k Test14 _ are you talking about?a Whosb Whichsc Whomd Whats 15 The detective thought the guilty party to be _ because I had the strongest motive.a mineb Ic med myself61Mock Test16 _ of them took part in the sports meeting.a Noneb Nobodyc All nod All not17 No one _ everything in the world.a knowsb k
39、nowc knowingd not know62Mock Test18 _ is from India.a The mayors of New Yorks catb The mayors cat of New Yorksc The mayor of New Yorks catd The mayors cat of New York63Mock Test19 It is a pity that we should stay at home when we have _ weather.a so fineb such a finec such fined so fine a 20 The poli
40、ceman is investigating the _ about the traffic accident.a passer-byb passers-byc passer-bysd passers-bys64Mock Test21 Do you know _?He seems to know you well.a the name of the manb the name of the mansc the mans the named name of the mans 65Mock Test22 The beggar always asks for a _ of bread and a g
41、lass of beer.a sectionb columnc loafd part23 _ is worth a million dollars now,but he bought it for only two dollars ten years ago.a The portrait of Johnb The Johns portraitc Johns the portraitd The portrait of Johns 66Mock Test25 Rice has been cultivated in the East for _ years.a several thousandsb
42、several thousandc thousand ofd several26 She has told me _ about her visit to Shanghai.a everyb allc eachd both67Mock Test27 _ of your girls come from the Southwest?a Whatb Whoc Whomd Which28 the villages cotton output has increased _ as compared with that of 1967.a 250%b for 250%ofc by 250%ofd by 2
43、50%68Mock Test29 The Yong Le Bell is _ a man.a 3 times as tall asb 3 times as tall thanc 3-time as tall asd 3-time as taller than69Mock Test30 This is _.She wrote her name on the first page.a a Sherrys bookb a book of Sherryc a book of Sherrysc Sherrys a book70Key1 A 2 A 3 D 4 A 5 A6 D 7 D 8 B 9 B 10 B11A 12 D 13 C 14 C 15 C16 A 17 A 18 C 19 C 20 B21 A 22 C 23 D 24 A 25 B26 B 27 D 28 D 29 A 30 C 71