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1、?1Axial Tension and Compression?2 2 2 2-0 0 0 0?2?1.?3?2.?0X=1 1 1 1?FN?Normal?2 2 2 2-1 1 1 1?样Axial forc年 graph核样Axial forc年 graph核样Axial forc年 graph核样Axial forc年 graph核FFF40X=?FFFFN(x)FN(x)FFFN(x)F=0FN(x)=F?5?1?2?2 2 2 2?2-1?62 2 2 2-2 2 2 2?1?=1N,?=0.1 cm2?2?=100N,?=100 cm2?7?ANd d=A ANd 1?8?2?9
2、?C=3?A A ANAA dd=10?AN =?A0Y=?P30sinNAB=o?2-2?AB?10.86 cm2?2?1?AB?o30=?P=130 kN?,?AB?11?260P2NAB=kN?2?ABMPa7.119 1010286.1010260AN643AB=AB?.?:?12?1?=A从从从从ApP d?C=PP13?coscos=APAPp从从从从从从从从?2coscos=p2/2sinsin =p 2cos=2/2sin =0=maxo90=0min=14o45=2max=0=0min=?n?Saint-Venant principle)?(?Saint-Venant?15?
3、2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3?Constitutive relations of uniaxial stress phase),?l?F?F=k l?Robert Hooke,1635 1703)?Robert Hooke,1635-1703)?1678?1500?127-200?）?Zheng-Hookes law?l?(?A?l Fl/A17?1/1/1/1/E E E E?l=Fl/EA l Fl/A?E E E E?Thomas Yo径ngThomas Yo径ngThomas Yo径ngThomas Yo径ng?1773177317731773-182么182么182么182么?18
4、07180718071807?L年ohar平 E径l年rL年ohar平 E径l年rL年ohar平 E径l年rL年ohar平 E径l年r?1707170717071707-1783178317831783?1727172717271727?80808080?18?l/l=F/EAE /=?2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4?T年nsil年 or Compr年ssi待年T年nsil年 or Compr年ssi待年T年nsil年 or Compr年ssi待年T年nsil年 or Compr年ssi待年D年formationD年formationD年formationD年formation?19?主 主
5、主 主?ElongationElongationElongationElongation?Axial D年formationAxial D年formationAxial D年formationAxial D年formation?LLL=1LLLL+=120?ElongationElongationElongationElongation?CompressionCompressionCompressionCompression?1 1 1 1?L L L LL L L LL L L LL L L LL L L L1 1 1 1=?2 2 2 2?x?dx)(=PQ)(dxxd+LLL1+=QP2
6、1?x?dx=EAxNE)(=?x?EAdxxNdx)()(=?EAdxxNdx)()(=LLEAdxxNdx)()(?22?EA00=LEAdxxNL0)(?EA?LxdxNL)(N(x)2 2 2 2?)(xAA=PPEAPLL=?=LEAdxxNL0)(1 1 1 1?PxN=)(23=xEAL0)()(=niiiiiAELNL13 3 3 3?n?xdx?L1?ABL1L?1 1 1 1?Li24?2 2 2 2?3 3 3 3?CL1L2P1L2LCC?1 1 1 1?LiABL1L21L2LBuBvB2?B?251LuB=?2?B?B?sinctg21LLvB+=CL2B?0m?7
7、6.36mm?P=20=20=20=20kN?C?E=177=177=177=177GPa?ABCD?1 1 1 1?ABCD?DAB60 6026060sin6.12.18.060sin0=+=ooATPTm kN55.113/=PTMPa1511036.7655.119=AT2核 2核 2核 2核?800400400DCPB60 60PABCDTTYAXAmm36.1m17736.766.155.11=EATLLAB60 60DB12CC3 3 3 3?C?+=DDBBL27CPAB60 60800400400DBD260sin60sin 221+=LCmm79.060sin236.160
8、sin2=oL?Lat年ral D年formationLat年ral D年formationLat年ral D年formationLat年ral D年formation?也oisson也oisson也oisson也oissons Ratios Ratios Ratios Ratio?28?Lat年ral strainLat年ral strainLat年ral strainLat年ral strain?Axial strainAxial strainAxial strainAxial strain?=?29?1 1 1 1?=?2-?:?,?,?-?30?、?0.3%?31?GB228-87?3
9、233 =ddl105?也 也 也 也?0 0 0 0?ll?lp?p?A?=?=?34?3536?tan=Ep s b?37?%1001 =AAA%1001 =lll?%5?%5?38?%3020 =%8060 =?、?1?39?0.2%?2?40?1?2?b 413?/?=1.5-31?422?45?432 2 2 2-4 4 4 4?Str年ngthStr年ngthStr年ngthStr年ngth crit年rion核crit年rion核crit年rion核crit年rion核?44?1?2?u max/max =nusu =样 样 样 样径 径 径 径 Ultimat年主 Ultimat年主 Ultimat年主 Ultimat年主 n?Saf年ty factorSaf年ty factorSaf年ty factorSaf年ty factor核 核 核 核?1?n=1.5-2.5 45subu =n=1.5 2.5?max?样Allowabl年 str年ss核样Allowabl年 str年ss核样Allowabl年 str年ss核样Allowabl年 str年ss核?2?n=2-3.5?1?46?2?3?4?1?AN =maxmax N47 NAmax AN max?2?3?