《黑龙江省哈尔滨市三中2021届高三英语上学期期末试题【含答案】.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《黑龙江省哈尔滨市三中2021届高三英语上学期期末试题【含答案】.docx（28页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、黑龙江省哈尔滨市三中2021届高三英语上学期期末试题（ 满分150分）第一部分:阅读理解（共两小节，满分50分）第一节（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。AOutlookFeaturing the same 6.inch display size as the iPhone 11 and iPhone XR before it, iPhone 12 is making the transition from an LCD screen to OLED. With flat aluminum （铝） sides for a
2、n overall look, it more closely matches the iPad Pro and iPad Air. Aside from the flat sides, iPhone 12 still largely resembles the iPhone 11. Around back, it has two cameras housed in a glass circle, which makes for a nice contrast with the rest of the smooth back panel. To avoid being broken or cr
3、acked when dropped, iPhone 12 is covered with what Apple describes as a ceramic （陶瓷） shield” .CameraThe iPhone 12 has a 12-megapixel f/1. 6 main camera 一 the fastest aperture （光圈） in any iPhone yet. The low-light performance has improved, and its advancements in computational photography to maximize
4、 detail and dynamic range has also been achieved. The front camera on the iPhone 12 is gaining Night Mode, as well.ProcessoriPhone 12 is powered by the company，s new A14 Bionic processor, which is the first smart phone chip built on a 5nm process, leading to improved performance and efficiency. Its
5、claimed that the processor is up to 50 percent faster than the leading chips in Android smart phones.Wireless ChargingTo improve wireless charging on the iPhone 12, it contains a uMagSafe “ system with built-in magnets to guarantee that the iPhone 12 properly lines up with the MagSafe accessories （酉
6、己件）. 1. What is the size of iPhone 12?A. About 6.1 -inch as that of iPhone Max.B. The same size as iPad Pro.C. Bigger than that of iPhone 11.D. As big as iPhone 11.disease（Chepurnov和他的研究团队开始监测他的抗体。他发现三个月后它们就消失了。“观察显示出抗 体迅速下降，”他告诉该报。“在疾病开始后的第三个月末）”以及后文“ceased to be determined” 可知，三个月后抗体就消失了，所以在疾病开始后的
7、第三个月末，不能再检测到抗体了，即they指的是“抗 体”。故选C。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中 Chepurnov and his research team started to monitor his antibodies. He discovered that they vanished after three months. （ Chepurnov 和他的研究团队开始监测他的抗体。 他发现三个月后它们就消失了）” 以及 “This falls in line with other studies about COVID-19 antibody life.（这与其他关于COV
8、ID-19抗体寿命的研究一致）”可知，Chepurnovs的实验发现COVID-19抗体的寿命 约为3个月。故选B。【16题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中“A doctor named Chepurnov from Siberia conducted a controversial coronavirus immunity test after surviving COVID-19 in March.（今年 3 月,西伯利亚的 Chepurnov 医 生在新冠病毒感染中存活下来后，进行了一项有争议的冠状病毒免疫测试）”结合文章主要介绍了 Chepurnov医生开展这项实验的经过，实验关于冠状病
9、毒抗体的一些发现以及这项实验的重要意义。可知， 这篇文章的中心思想是在俄罗斯进行了一项有争议的冠状病毒免疫实验。故选DoEWhether its Chinese social media like Sina Weibo, or Western media like Instagram an , videos can go viral in mere hours.The wide range of viral videos suggests that popular concepts are largely random. After all, what links the recent bro
10、om challenge to funny internet cat videos?According to scientists from Stanford University, US, the popularity of a video can be predicted by looking at how certain areas of a person，s brain react within the first few seconds of a video. This method has been called neuroforecasting （神经预测）.The team m
11、ade the finding by recruiting （招募）36 volunteers to watch a range of videos while being scanned with an FMRI一a machine that can monitor the changes in blood oxygen and flow.Participants were shown 32 different videos and were monitored according to their brain responses in four different areas. The r
12、esults showed that specific brain activity during the first four seconds of a video could effectively predict a person，s thoughts on a video and whether they would keep watching.Using the FMRI results, the Stanford team consistently saw increased activity in the nucleus accumbens （伏核）and decreased a
13、ctivity in the anterior insula （前脑岛）parts of the brain while the participants were watching the most popular of the 32-vidco selection.According to the study, these two brain regions are related to the feeling of expectation we get when we，re not certain of something，s outcome.Stanford neuroscientis
14、t （神经学家）r. onse. dys author Brian Knutson said: If we examine our subjects choices to watch the video or even their reported responses to the videos, they don，t tell us about the general r. . . onse online . Only brain activity seems to forecast a video, s popularity on the internet. ”He added, uFut
15、ure research might also systematically analyze the video content, so content creators can use these findings to make their videos more popular. ”In the future, the team aims to use this type of FMRI experiment to understand whether processes that generate individual choice can tell us something abou
16、t choices made by large groups of people” , According to Knutson, this could apply to shopping trends, charity support and general money-spending.17. What did scientists from Stanford University find?A. There are differences between viral videos in different cultures.B. People，s reported response ca
17、n predict the popularity of a video.C. There are links between viral videos under different subjects.D. Viewers initial brain activity can forecast the popularity of a video.18. What was the brain，s response when viewers watched the most popular video?A. All four areas monitored displayed increased
18、activity.B. One area got more active while another became less active.C. Areas related to the feeling of uncertainty got more active.D. The activity of areas related to the feeling of expectation increased.19. What can we conclude from Brian Knutson，s words?A. The participants choices to watch the v
19、ideos help them make the finding.B. How long the subjects watched the videos also mattered to their conclusion.C. Our brain activity can show something we ourselves don，t realize.D. When the video was beyond the viewers expectation, it is generally popular.20. What is the aim of the teams future res
20、earch?A. Exploring the link between individual and general choices.B. Interviewing content creators how they make videos.C. Discouraging more charity organizations.D. Applying their findings to arresting criminals.17. D 18. B19. C20. A这是一篇说明文。研究表明：通过观察一个人大脑的某些区域在视频开始几秒钟内的反应，就可以预测视 频的受欢迎程度，这种方法叫做神经预测
21、。【17题详解】细节理解题。由第三段 “According to scientists from Stanford University, US, the popularity of a video can be predicted by looking at how certain areas of a person，s brain react within the first few seconds of a video. This method has been called neuroforecasting （神经预测）.” （根 据美国斯坦福大学的科学家们的研究，一段视频的受欢迎程度
22、可以通过观察一个人大脑的某些区域在视频 的前几秒钟内的反应来预测。这种方法被称为神经预测。）可知斯坦福大学的科学家发现观众最初的大脑活 动可以预测视频的受欢迎程度。故选D项。【18题详解】细节理解题。由第六段“Using the FMRI results, the Stanford team consistently saw increased activity in the nucleus accumbens （伏核）and decreased activity in the anterior insula （前脑 岛）parts of the brain while the partici
23、pants were watching the most popular of the 32-vidco selection.（利用功能磁共振成像结果，斯坦福大学的研究小组一致发现，当参与者观看32个视频选择 中最受欢迎的部分时，大脑的伏核活动增加，前脑岛活动减少。）可知当观众观看最受欢迎的视频时，大脑 的伏核活动增加，前脑岛活动减少，说明大脑的一个区域变得更活跃，而另一个区域变得不那么活跃。故 选B项。【19题详解】推理判断题。由倒数第三段 “Stanford neuroscientist（神经学家）subjects. hoices. . or Brian Knutson said: If
24、we examine our subjects. . hoices to watch the video or even their reported responses to the videos, they don，t tell us about the general response online Only brain activity seems to forecast a video, s popularity on the internet.（斯坦福大学神经学家和该研究的作者BrianKnutson说：“如果我们检查受试者观看视频的选择，甚至他们对视频的反应，他们不会告诉我们网络
25、上的 普遍反应似乎只有大脑活动才能预测视频在互联网上的受欢应程度。”）可知问及受试者视频相关问 题时，他们说不出网络上（对视频）的普遍反应，但大脑活动能预测视频在互联网上的受欢应程度，可得 出我们的大脑活动可以显示一些我们自己没有意识到的东西，所以即使你说不出来，但大脑可以给出答案。故选C项。【20题详解】细节理解题。由最后一段In the future, the team aims to use this type of FMRI experiment to understand whether processes that generate individual choice can te
26、ll us something about choices made by large groups of people” . According to Knutson, this could apply to shopping trends, charity support and general money-spending. v （在未来，研究小组的目标是利用这种功能磁共振成像实验来了 解“产生个体选择的过程是否能告诉我们关于大群体的选择。据Knutson说，这可能适用于购物趋势、 慈善支持和一般的金钱支出。）可知研究小组未来研究的目标是用功能磁共振成像实验来了解“产生个体选 择的过程是
27、否能告诉我们关于大群体的选择”，即探索个人选择和一般选择之间的联系。故选A项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。If you re a procrastinator（拖延的人），you re familiar with the pain and stress that goes hand in hand with leaving things to the last minute. Even if you want to accomplish or finish a task, you re likely
28、 having trouble getting started in the first place! 21instead.mind, instead.ing yourself for procrastinating. The more stressed out you are, the harder it 11 be to get your work done. Don t be angry with yourself. Just move on and focus on what you ve got to do instead. 22 Wasting time yelling at yo
29、urself for not starting that 2, 000-word essay two weeks ago will only make you extra tired and frustrated. It will also stress you out, likely making it impossible for you to finish your assignment at that time.Avoid a long disorganized to-do list. This is just setting yourself up for failure. Inst
30、ead, create subcategories like “Home” , “Work” , “Family , and “Fun and just try to cross off a few entries from each list every day.minutes.rtantminutes. minutes. Instead of thinking about the total number of hours you re about to work for, just start. Tell yourself you ve only got to do it for 15
31、minutes. 23 Once you come up for air, take a two-minute break. Then start up on another set of 15 minutes of work.24 pieces. carypieces.bout finishing a whole essay or getting through an entireweek s worth of tasks. Instead of thinking about everything you have to do like one big obstacle, break it
32、all down into tiny pieces. 25A. Break tasks down into small pieces.B. Never think about the past experiences.C. Guilt and regret are negative emotions.D. However, there is always some time when you can t pull through.E. If 15 minutes still sounds too frightening, do something for just 3 minutes.F. T
33、hus, you 11 be able to get started on the smallest piece and go forward from there.G. Hopefully, there are several strategies that can help you stop procrastinating right now.21. G 22. C 23. E 24. A 25. F这是一篇说明文。文章就帮助停止拖延症提出了一些策略。【21题详解】根据上文 “Even if you want to accomplish or finish a task, you re l
34、ikely having trouble getting started in the first place!（即使你想要实现或完成一项任务，你也可能会在一开始就遇到麻烦！）”说 明遇到了麻烦，可知，此处内容与提出有策略可以应对有关，因此选项G “有希望地是，有一些策略可以帮 助你立刻停止拖延。，符合文意。故选G。【22题详解】根据上文 “The more stressed out you are, the harder it 11 be to get your work done. Don t be angry with yourself. Just move on and focus o
35、n what you ve got to do instead.（压力越大, 完 成工作就越难。不要生自己 气。继续前进，把注意力放在你要做的事情上。）”说明了一些不良情绪会影 响自己，可知，此处内容与不良情绪有关，因此选项C “内疚和后悔是消极的情绪。，符合文意。故选C。【23题详解】根据上文 “Tell yourself you ve only got to do it for 15 minutes.（告诉自己你只需要做 15 分钟。）” 和下文 “Once you come up for air, take a two-minute break. （一旦你想休息片刻，休息两分钟。）” 可
36、知，此处内容与用15分钟来完成工作不行，换一个方式有关，因此选项E “如果15分钟听起来仍然太可 怕，那就做3分钟的事情。，符合文意。故选E。【24题详解】根据下文 “It can be scary to think about finishing a whole essay or getting through an entire week? s worth of tasks. Instead of thinking about everything you have to do like one big obstacle, break it all down into tiny piece
37、s.（想要完成一整篇文章或者完成整整一周的任务都是很可怕的。不 要把你要做的每件事都看成是一个大障碍，而是把它分解成小块。）”，此处是本段的小标题，内容与要把 大工作分解成小块有关，因此选项A “把任务分解成小任务。，符合文意。故选A。【25题详解】不艮据上文 uInstead of thinking about everything you have to do like one big obstacle, break itall down into tiny pieces.（不要把你要做的每件事都看成是一个大障碍，而是把它分解成小块。）”说 明分解小块工作后实施的可行性，与空格处是因果关系
38、，因此选项F “因此，你将能够从最小的一块开始， 并从那里继续前进。，符合文意。故选F。第二部分英语知识运用（共三节，满分50分）第一节：完型填空（共20小题，每小题5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。In storm-ravaged （风暴肆虐的）Santa Clarita, California, last March, Martinez approachedRunner Road carefully. A 26creek（小溪）had flooded it. Martinez, driving a Toyota SUV
39、,27 he d be OK. Big 28. Halfway across, the rushing waters grabbed hold of his vehicle,sweeping it off the road. It finally 29 a good 80 feet away, when the 30 somehow lifted the SUV and put it into the ground at a 45-degree angle. Shaken, and trapped inside with the waterrising quickly, Martinez wa
40、s certain he was going to 31.On the road right behind Martinez were a delivery32and his niece. They 33thehorror unfold, and when Martinez s SUV came to 34in the middle of the pouring creek, theman leaped to 35, First, he grabbed heavy-duty (结实的)36 from the back of his vanand tied the unsteady SUV to
41、 37 posts. Then he climbed on the top of Martinez s 38 and hit a rear window with his fists. Frustrated, he 39 to his niece and yelled, “Give me a 40!”Over and over he hit the rock into the 41 very hard, but in vain. We were scared that something else was going to come down and take the SUV, take hi
42、m, take my uncle, “ Krystina Reyes, 27, said. But her uncle s name was not publicly known.Reyes s uncle shouted to Martinez to 42 away from the window. He 43 and threw the rock. 44, the glass broke. Soon, a soaked Martinez went out of the window, and the menescaped to dry land.26.Martinez was saved
43、by a(n)45A.desertedB.swollen27.A.warnedB.ignored28.A.mistakeB.luck29.A.stoppedB.continued30.A.thunderB.cloud31.A.prepareB.livedeliverydriver.C.forbiddenD.floatedC.figuredD.delightedC.dealD.fortuneC.pushedD.pulledC.waterD.rainC.jumpD.die32.A.judgeB.policemanC.salesmanD.driver33.A.talkedB.watchedC.hes
44、itatedD.brushed34.A.headB.stretchC.restD.select35.A.fetchB.earnC.sendD.act36.A.rocksB.ropesC.branchesD.posts37.A.remoteB.straightC.nearbyD.movable38.A.vehicleB.windowC.truckD.van39.A.turnedB.opposedC.objectedD.treated40.A.footB.handC.fistD.rock41.A.bottomB.windowC.houseD.road42.A.moveB.riseC.flyD.hi
45、de43.A.picked upB.put awayC.put forwardD.leaned back44.A.FinallyB.ExactlyC.FrequentlyD.Unluckily45.A.unfairB.unhappyC.unknownD.unable26.B27. C28. A29. A 30. C31.D 32. D33. B34. C 35. D 36.B 37. C 38. A 39. A 40. D 41. B 42. A 43. D 44. A 45. C本文为记叙文。去年3月，在风暴肆虐的加利福尼亚州圣克拉丽塔，马丁内斯开着一辆丰田SUV车被湍急 的水冲出公路，被困
46、在车里，多亏一位不知名的货司机立即采取救援行动，救了他。【26题详解】考查形容词辨析。A. deserted被抛弃的；B. swollen膨胀的，涨满的；C. forbidden被禁止的，禁用的；D. floated 浮起的。根据 ustorm-ravagedv 和后面的flooded及the rushing waters” 可知, 这条涨满水的小溪淹没了路，故选B。【27题详解】考查动词辨析。A. wamed警告；B. ignored忽略；C. figured解决，认为；D. delighted使高兴。根据 语境可知，马丁内斯开着一辆丰田SUV车，他原认为（figured）他（能开过去），会
47、没事的。故选C。28题详解】考查名词辨析。A. mistake错误；B. luck走运；C. deal交易；D. fortune财富。根据上下文的内容可 知，前文他原认为开车能过去，但过了一半，湍急的水流把他的车冲下了马路，被困车中，可知，这（他 的判断）是一个大错误，故选A。【29题详解】 考查动词辨析。A. stopped停止；B. continued继续；C. pushed推动；D. pulled拉。根据后面的内容 可知，车被冲下了马路，最后停在离公路80英尺远的地方，故选A。【30题详解】考查名词辨析。A. thunder雷声；B. cloud云；C. water zl; D. rain雨。根据前文可知，小溪的水满了， 淹没了大路，所以车被冲下公路停下来时，水(water)托起车，把它以45度角放到地上时。且后一句with the water rising quicklyv 也是提示，故选 C。【31题详解】考查动词辨析。A. prepare准备；B. live生活，居住；C. jump跳；D. die死亡。根据上下文可知他困 在里面，随着水位的快