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1、转换转换conversionv英语句子中一句话通常只有一个谓语动词，而名词尤其是抽象名词用得比较多。与此相反，汉语句子中动词用得比较多，除了动宾结构外，还普遍使用连动式和兼语式等结构。因此，英译汉时常常需要把英语名词转换成汉语动词，并对其他句子成分作相应的调整。反之，汉译英时则常常需要把动词转换成名词。v 1.词性转换 v（1）转译成动词 名词转译成动词vShe is a well-known singer.vSome of my class-mates are good singers.v I am no drinker,nor smoker.v Give me liberty，or giv
2、e me death.v 不自由，毋宁死。vA fire in the neighbors house can easily bring disaster to everyone.v一家失火，四邻遭殃。vHis acceptance of bribes led to his arrest.v他因受贿而被捕。vRockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.v 火箭已经用来探索宇宙。vIt is already dark,and the chorus of insects and frogs is in ful
3、l swing.v 天已擦黑，虫鸣蛙噪，一片喧闹。v英语介词丰富，而汉语中的介词则很少，因此，英译汉时原文中很多介词必须转换成汉语的动词或其他词类。vIt is our goal that the people in the underdeveloped areas will be finally off poverty.v 我们的目标是使不发达地区的人民最终摆脱贫困。vWe were fortunate in our opponent.v有这样一个对手，倒是我们的幸运。v“Coming!”Away she skimmed over the lawn,up the path,up the st
4、eps,across the veranda,and into the porch.v“来啦！”她转身蹦着跳着地跑了，越过草地，跑上小径，跨上台阶，穿过凉台，进了门廊。vAcross the airport,into the cab and then into the clients office,Pyles struggled while other men forged ahead.v几个男同事一路冲在前面，而派尔却十分吃力地穿过过机场，钻入钻入出租车，走进走进客户的办公室v英语中有些“介词名词”介词词组结构译成汉语后需要转换成副词，汉译英则相反。v He looked at me in
5、amazement.v他惊讶地望着我。v父亲不赞成地看着他。vFather looked at him in disapproval.v形容词转译成动词v英语形容词，尤其是表示感觉和感情的形容词往往具有动词的意义，在英译汉时常常要把这类形容词转换成相应的动词。vHis indulgent mother was willing to let him do anything he wanted.v他母亲很宠他，他不管想干什么她都愿意让他干。vShe seemed too ignorant of the ways of the world.v她好像太不懂世道常情了。v表知觉、欲望等心理状态的形容词作
6、表语时可转译成动词：confident,certain,careful,cautious,angry,sure,ignorant,afraid,doubtful,aware,concerned,glad,delighted,sorry,ashamed,thankful,anxious,grateful,ablevDoctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life.v大夫们说他们不敢肯定能否救得了他的命。vWinston was a very classless person.v温斯顿这个人最不讲究别人的社会等级。v副词
7、转译成动词v I must be off now.v我现在得走了。vThat book will be out pretty soon.v那本书不久就要出版了。vIn those years the Republicans were in.v那些年是共和党执政。v（2）转译成名词 vPeople would benefit greatly from a pollution-free vehicle.v无污染车辆会给人们带来很大的好处。vIn Greek mythology,love is personified by the goddess Aphrodite.v在希腊神话中，阿佛洛狄特女神是
8、爱的化身。vA well-dressed man,who looked and talked like an American,got into the car.v 一个穿着讲究的人上了车。他的外表和谈吐都像个美国人。vThe visiting guests were escorted to the Yellow Crane Tower last Sunday.v上个星期天，来访的客人和陪同人员陪同人员一起参观了黄鹤楼。v（3）转译成形容词vDiligence and intelligence are of considerable importance to success.v勤奋和才智对于
9、获得成功是颇为重要的。vTheres no point arguing about it-just do as youre told.v争论是没有意义的，叫你怎么做你就怎么做。vSecurities laws require companies to treat all shareholders reasonably and equally.v 证券法要求公司给所有持股人既合理又平等的待遇。vIn Europe,Heaths name was well known,if not household word.v在欧洲，希思的名声是很响亮的，纵使不是家喻户晓的话。v 2.句子成分转换 是指英语中
10、的某一句子成分译成汉语时转换成另一种句子成分。指主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语之间的转换。vAmerican education owes a great debt to Thomas Jefferson.v托马斯 杰佛逊 对 美国的教育事业 作出了巨大贡献。（主语转换为宾语）vYou can always tell the somebody from the nobody at a cocktail party.The somebody come late.v在鸡尾酒会上人们常常可以看出大人物和无名小卒来。那些迟到的就是大人物。（主语转换为表语）vCheerful,efficient a
11、nd warm-hearted,they will do everything to make your journey smooth and comfortable.v他们乐观、能干、热情，总是想方设法使你一路上顺利舒适。（状语转换为谓语）v3.表达方式转换表达方式转换 使译文符合汉语表达习惯。vA.计量词v two decades v 二十年v a dozen and a half planes v 十八架飞机v The whole project was completed in a quarter of a year.v 整个工程在三个月内就完成了。vAccording to the
12、Bible,we can expect to live for three score years and ten.v根据圣经的说法，我们可以活到七十岁。vFour score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation.v87 年 前，我们的先辈在这个大陆上创建了一个新的国家。vDuring the first part of his life,Watt studied weather and storm.v瓦特 年轻时 研究天气和风暴。vShe will be back in th
13、e last ten days of June.v她将在 6 月 下旬 回来。v B.年龄的表达 汉语独特的书面表达法。如，将 30 岁称为“而立之年”，40 岁为“不惑之年”，50 岁为“知命之年”，60 岁为“花甲、耳顺之年”，70 岁为“古稀”等。翻译时也可加以转换。vHis father is in his sixties.v他父亲已 年愈花甲年愈花甲。vWe cannot believe that he is already over seventy years old.v我们难以相信他已 年过古稀年过古稀。vC.角度vfrost-free refrigeratorv无霜冰箱 vFr
14、eeze!v别动！vWet paint!v油漆未干！v Employees only.v 顾客止步。vExact Fare Only/Please Tender Exact Farev 恕不找零。v Courtesy Seatsv 老、弱、病、残、孕专座vShe couldnt have come at a better time.v她来得正是时候。vFor some people hope dies slowly.v对有些人来说，希望不会轻易破灭。vThe machine is far from being complicated.v这部机器一点也不复杂。vSuch flights coul
15、dnt long escape notice.v这类飞行迟早会被人发觉的。vNo one knows where the shoe pinches like the wearer.v 哪儿挤脚，穿鞋人最清楚。v Opportunity knocks but once.v 机不可失，时不再来。v I wont keep you waiting long.v 我一会儿就回来。v Isnt it funny?v 真逗！v Let me catch you at it again！v 再让我逮住，可不饶你！v There are no winners in a divorce.v 离婚的人都是两败俱伤。vShe has been a widow only for six months.v她丈夫死了 至今才不过半年。vIll give you a 25%discount if you buy 200.v你如果买二百台，可以打七五折。vYou are quite a stranger here.v我不认识你。vHe always lives ahead of his salary.v他的薪水总是不够他花。vThere is always a place for you at our table.v 请你随时来吃便饭。