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1、Next page直接引语与间接引语直接引语与间接引语 直接引语与间接引语直接引语与间接引语（Direct Speech and Indirect Speech）1.定义：A.直接引述别人的话，叫直接引述别人的话，叫“直接引语直接引语”。B.用自己的话转述别人的话用自己的话转述别人的话，叫“间接引语间接引语”。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号。2.例如：约翰说：约翰说：“我喜欢看故事书。我喜欢看故事书。”（直接引语）John said，“I like reading story books.”约翰说他喜欢看故事书。约翰说他喜欢看故事书。（间接引语）J
2、ohn said that he liked reading story books。Next pageLast page一一.陈述句陈述句（Statements）直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导。从句的人、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。1）人称的变化 他说：“我我非常喜欢它。”他说他他非常喜欢它。2）时态的变化 如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态上要作相应的变化。如主句的谓语动词是现在时，从句的时态则无需变化。He said，“I like it very much.”He said that he like
3、d it very much.3）指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化）指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化直接引语转化间接直接引语转化间接引语时的变化引语时的变化例例 句句直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语This-thatShe said,“Ill finish the work this morning.”She said that she would finish the work that morning.These-thoseHe said,“These books are mine.”He said that those books were his.Now-thenHe
4、said,“Its nine oclock now.”He said that it was nine oclock then.Today-that dayHe said,“I havent seen her today.”HE said that he hadnt seen her that day.Yesterday-the day beforeShe said,“Iwent there yesterday.”She said that she had gone there the day before.Tomorrow-the next dayShe said,“Ill go there
5、 tomorrow.”She said that she would go there the next day.Ago-beforeShe said,“He leftt 30 minutes ago.”She told me that he had left 30 minutes before.Here-thereHe said,“My sister was here one week ago.”He said that his sister had beenthere one week before.Come-goShe said,“Ill come here this evening.”
6、She said that she would go there that evening.n时态的变化时态的变化直接引语转换成间接直接引语转换成间接引语时的时态变化引语时的时态变化列列 句句直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语一般现在时一般现在时 一般过去时一般过去时He said，“Im afraid I cant finish the work.”He said that he was afraid he couldnt finish the work.现在进行时现在进行时-过去进行时过去进行时He said，“Im using the knife.”He said that he was
7、using the knife.现在完成时现在完成时-过去完成时过去完成时She said，“Ive not heard from him since May.”She said that she had not heard from him since May.一般过去时一般过去时-过去完成时过去完成时He said，“I came to help you.”He said that he had come to help me.过去完成时过去完成时 不变不变He said，“I had finished my homework before supper.”He said that he
8、had finished the homework before supper.一般将来时一般将来时-过去将来时过去将来时She said，“Ill do it after class.”She said that she would do it after class.注意注意：（1）直接引语如果是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态 不变。如：He said,“Light travels much faster than sound.”He said that light travels much faster than sound.“A friend in need is a friend i
9、ndeed,”Mother said to me.Mother told me that a friend in need is a friend indeed.(2)如果在当地转述，here不必改为there，动词come 不必改为go。如果在当天转述，yesterdaytomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。2.2.疑问句疑问句直接引语如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要吧疑问句语序改为陈述语序。句末用句号，主语的人称、时态和状语等也要作相应地变化。1）一般疑问句：直接引语如果是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，要用连词whether或if引导。主句中的谓语动词是said时，要改为asked，没有间接
10、宾语的，可以家一个间接宾语（me，him，her，us ect）。（1）He said，“are you interested in English？”He asked me if I was interested in English.（2）He said，“Did you see him last night？”He asked me whether Ihad seen him the night before。2）特殊疑问句：直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，任用原来的疑问词引导。“What can I do for you？”he asked me。He asked me wh
11、at he could do for me。3.3.祈使句祈使句转述祈使句时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带TO的不定式，并在不定式的前面根据句子的意思加上tell,ask,order等动词，其句型是：tell/ask/order someone(not)to do something如果祈使句为否定式，在不定式的前面加上not,如：1)“Make sure the door is shut,”she said to her little son.She told her little son to make sure the door was shut.2)“Dont smoke in the
12、room,”he said to me.He told to me not to smoke in the room.练习练习e.g.1.He said,“You are younger than I”.2.He says,“Tom is a good student”.He said that I was younger than him.He says that Tom is a good student.e.g.1.She said,“Do you often come here to read newspaper?”2.“Will they go to visit the Great
13、Wall?”he asked.She asked if(whether)I often came here to read newspaper.He asked if(whether)they would go visit the Great Wall.e.g.1.He asked,“Where do you live?”2.“How can we get to the post-office?”he asked.He asked where I lived.He asked how they could get to the post-office.将将下列句子合并为一句下列句子合并为一句:
14、1.Where do they stop on the way?I asked.2.What will you speak at the meeting?Could you tell me?3.Do they like to make friends with us?He asked.4.“I am doing my homework.”He said.5.“I will come back.”Tom said.6.“Is he doing his homework?”Jim asked.I asked where they stopped on the way.Could you tell
15、me what you will speak at the meeting?He asked if they liked to make friends with them.He said that he was doing his homework.Tom said that he would come back.Jim asked if he was doing his homework.7.“When will he come back?”Tom asked.8.“How can I get to the station?”Could you tell me?9.“Why is the train late?”Would you tell me?10.“Where is Tom?”They asked.Tom asked when he would come back.Could you tell me how I can get to the station?Would you tell me why the train is late?They asked where Tom was.