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1、 引用或转述别人的话时，有两种说法：一字不改的将别人的话加以引用和复述，并将它放在引号内，叫作直直接引语接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话，被转述的话不放在括号内，叫间接引语间接引语。 He said, “I am a doctor.”(直接引语) He said that he was a doctor.(间接引语) She said , “I like English very much.” (直接引语) She said that she liked English very much. (间接引语)1. 注意时态的变化注意时态的变化2. 注意人称变化注意人称变化3. 注意指示代词的变化注意
2、指示代词的变化4. 注意时间的变化注意时间的变化5. 注意地点的变化注意地点的变化6. 注意个别趋向动词的变化注意个别趋向动词的变化直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化 u陈述句的间接引语u一般疑问句的间接引语u特殊疑问句的间接引语u选择疑问句的间接引语u祈使句的间接引语u反义疑问句的间接引语陈述句的间接引语陈述句的间接引语（转述他人的陈述） He said, “I have been to the Great Wall. ” He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall . He said, “Ill give you an examina
3、tion next Monday. ” He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday. 一般疑问句的间接引语一般疑问句的间接引语（转述他人的疑问） He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?” He asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation. He said, “You are interested in English, arent you?” He as
4、ked whether I was interested in English. 特殊疑问句的间接引语特殊疑问句的间接引语（转述他人的问题） He said to me，“Whats your name?” He asked me what my name was. He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?” He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country. 选择疑问句的间接引语选择疑问句的间接引语 He asked
5、, “Do you speak English or French?” He asked me whether I spoke English or French. I asked, “Will you take bus or take train?” I asked him whether he would take bus or take train. 祈使句的间接引语祈使句的间接引语l引述祈使句多半采用“动词+宾语+不定式”结构，常用的引述动词有ask，tell，order等，直接引语若是否定式，not放在to前面 The teacher said to her mother, Plea
6、se give me the book.”The teacher told her mother to give her the book.反义疑问句的间接引语反义疑问句的间接引语常用的引述动词“You have finished the homework, havent you?” my mother asked.My mother asked me whether/if I had finished the homework.直接引语变间接引语时直接引语变间接引语时, 时态要发生变化时态要发生变化:一般现在时一般现在时现在完成时现在完成时现在进行时现在进行时一般将来时一般将来时一般过去时一
7、般过去时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去进行时过去进行时过去将来时过去将来时过去完成时过去完成时由直接引语转变为间接引语由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况下列情况时态不变时态不变:1. 不变的真理不变的真理nThe teacher said to us, The earth is round.” nThe teacher told us that the earth is round.2. 经常的习惯：经常的习惯： He said to the doctor, “I smoke two packs every day.” He told the doctor that he smo
8、kes two packs every day.3. 历史事件：历史事件： The teacher said, “World War ended in 1945.” The teacher said that World War ended in 1945.4. 部分情态动词部分情态动词,如如must, ought to, used to, had better等：等： She said to me: “You must hurry up.” She said that I must hurry up.5.5.主句谓语动词的时态是现在或将来时态，主句谓语动词的时态是现在或将来时态，在引述时，时
9、态不变。在引述时，时态不变。The teacher says，“She is a good student.”The teacher says that she is a good student.The teacher will say that she is a good student.1.1.直接引语中有一个确切的过去时间状语直接引语中有一个确切的过去时间状语 2.2.直接引语是过去完成时和过去进行时直接引语是过去完成时和过去进行时3.3.当直接引语中有以当直接引语中有以when, whilewhen, while，sincesince引引导的表示过去的时间状语从句时导的表示过去的时间
10、状语从句时4.4.当引语是谚语、格言时当引语是谚语、格言时5.5.当直接引语中有情态动词当直接引语中有情态动词should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, need时时 6.6.直接引语是经常发生的，习惯性的动作直接引语是经常发生的，习惯性的动作从句时态无须改变的还有以下情况从句时态无须改变的还有以下情况: : 直接引语直接引语 间接引语间接引语指示代词指示代词 时时 间间 状状 语语 地点状语地点状语 方向性动词方向性动词 this, that, these those now,
11、 then, today that day this week that week yesterday the day before last week the week before four days ago four days before the day before yesterday two days before tomorrow the next daynext month the next month here there come, go,bring take 直接引语中的助动词直接引语中的助动词 间接引语中的助动词间接引语中的助动词shallshallshouldshou
12、ldshouldshouldshouldshould（不变）（不变）willwillwouldwouldwouldwouldwouldwould（不变）（不变）maymaymightmightmightmightmightmight（不变）（不变）cancancouldcouldcouldcouldcouldcould（不变）（不变）mustmustmust/had tomust/had to1. She said, “Are you from the south?” 2. Mom said to me, “Dont tell a lie.” 3. Susan said to me, “We
13、will visit the farm next week.” 4. Mr. Paul said to us, “Light travels faster than sound.” 5. “Go and post the letters,” the manager said to him. 6. “I cant find my wallet.” he said to me. 7. “I will take it home with me.” she said. 练习8. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in
14、the west.”9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”10. He asked, “How do you find it, mother?”11.“Where are you these days?” he asked.12. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked.13. “Stop making so much noise, children.” he said. 14. “Dont tell him the news.” she said.15.He said to me, “Dont ride in the street.”