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1、Direct speech 直接引语和间接引语直接引语和间接引语&indirect speech 引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式:一一.原封不动地引用原话原封不动地引用原话,把它放在括号把它放在括号内内,这叫直接引语这叫直接引语(Direct speech);二二.用自己的话加以转述用自己的话加以转述,这叫间接引这叫间接引语语(Indirect speech).直接引直接引语语(第一人称第一人称)间间接引接引语语(与主句主与主句主语语的人称一致的人称一致)John said,“I have worked out the problem.”John said tha
2、t he had worked out the problem.直接引语变成间接引语时，直接引语变成间接引语时，人称代词人称代词会会发生相应的变化。发生相应的变化。直接引直接引语语(第二人称第二人称)间间接引接引语语(与主句与主句宾语宾语的人称一致的人称一致)I asked her,“Will you go or not?”I asked her whether she would go or not.直接引直接引语语(第三人称第三人称)间间接引接引语语(第三人称第三人称)The teacher said,“Tom doesnt like sport.”The teacher said tha
3、t Tom didnt like sport.由直接引由直接引语转变为间语转变为间接引接引语语,有有时时会引起会引起时态时态的的变变化化,注意以下几个方面注意以下几个方面:直接引直接引语语(变变化前化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词为动词为一般一般现现在在时时或或现现在完成在完成时时She often says,“All men and women are equal under the law.”从句动词时态不变从句动词时态不变She often says that all men and women are equal under the law.直接引直接引语语(变变化前
4、化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词动词为为一一般般过过去去时时从句从句动词为动词为:从句从句动词动词时态时态相相应应变变化化从句从句动词变为动词变为:一般一般现现在在时时“I know it,”he said.一般一般过过去去时时He said that he knew it.直接引直接引语语(变变化前化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词动词为为一一般般过过去去时时从句从句动词为动词为:从句从句动词动词时态时态相相应应变变化化从句从句动词变为动词变为:现在进行时现在进行时“Im making coffee for Mary,”she said.过去进行时过去进行时
5、She said she was making coffee for Mary.直接引直接引语语(变变化前化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词动词为为一一般般过过去去时时从句从句动词为动词为:从句从句动词动词时态时态相相应应变变化化从句从句动词变为动词变为:现在完成时现在完成时“I have seen her before,”said he.过去完成时过去完成时He said he had seen her before.直接引直接引语语(变变化前化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词动词为为一一般般过过去去时时从句从句动词为动词为:从句从句动词动词时态时态相相应应变
6、变化化从句从句动词变为动词变为:一般过去时一般过去时“I saw her in the park,”he said.过去完成时过去完成时He said he had seen her in the park.直接引直接引语语(变变化前化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词动词为为一一般般过过去去时时从句从句动词为动词为:从句从句动词动词时态时态相相应应变变化化从句从句动词变为动词变为:过去完成时过去完成时“Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died?”Jack told me.过去完成时过去完成时Jack told me
7、that Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died.直接引直接引语语(变变化前化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词动词为为一一般般过过去去时时从句从句动词为动词为:从句从句动词动词时态时态相相应应变变化化从句从句动词变为动词变为:一般将来时一般将来时He said:“We will start soon.”过去将来时过去将来时He said they would start soon.当当主主句句动动词词为为一一般般过过去去时时，直直接接引引语语变变间间接引语接引语,时态要发生变化时态要发生变化:一般现在时一般现在时现
8、在完成时现在完成时现在进行时现在进行时一般将来时一般将来时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去进行时过去进行时过去将来时过去将来时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时由直接引语转变为间接引语由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况下列情况时态不变时态不变:1.不变的真理不变的真理 The teacher said,“Water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.”The teacher said that water freezes when the temperature falls below
9、 0.2.经常的习惯：经常的习惯：He said,“I smoke two packs every day.”He said that he smokes two packs every day.3.历史事件：历史事件：The teacher said,“World War ended in 1945.”The teacher said that World War ended in 1945.4.名言、谚语：名言、谚语：She said:“Where there is a will,there is a way.”She said where there is a will,there is
10、 a way.直接引直接引语语(变变化前化前)间间接引接引语语(变变化后化后)陈陈述句述句Jane said to Rose,“Im very fond of traveling.”that引引导导的的宾语宾语从句从句Jane told Rose that she was very fond of traveling.陈述句转换陈述句转换 星级知识星级知识 主句谓语动词主句谓语动词“said to sb.”,常改为常改为told sb.直接引直接引语语(变变化前化前)间间接引接引语语(变变化后化后)一般一般/选择选择/反意疑反意疑问问句句“Is this your umbrella,Mary?
11、”said John.whether/if 引引导导的的宾宾语语从句从句John asked Mary if that was her umbrella.一般一般/选择选择/反意疑问句反意疑问句 星级知识星级知识主句谓语动词主句谓语动词said to sb.,改为改为asked sb.直接引直接引语语(变变化前化前)间间接引接引语语(变变化后化后)特殊疑特殊疑问问句句“Mary,when will you return me the book?”asked John.wh-词词引引导导的的宾语宾语从句从句John asked Mary when she would return him the
12、 book.特殊疑问句转换特殊疑问句转换 星级知识星级知识疑问语序要变成陈述语序疑问语序要变成陈述语序1.“I like reading adventure stories,”said John.John said that he liked reading adventure stories.2.“I dont like computers,”Sarah said to her friend.Sarah told her friends that she didnt like computers.Exercise IExercise I3.“Ann,have you seen my blue
13、 notebook?”Peter asked.Peter asked Ann if she had seen his blue notebook.4.“How can you do that?”Mary said to Ann.Mary asked Ann how she could do that.5.“What difference does it make?”Peter asked Jim.Peter asked Jim what difference it made.1.Jack said to me,“You look worried today.”Jack told me that
14、 _ worried _.A.he lookstoday B.you looktoday C.we lookedthat day D.I lookedthat dayExercise IIExercise II2.We said to her,“Theyre walking through the street now.”We told her that _ through the street _.A.we were walkingthen B.you are walkingnow C.they were walkingthen D.they walkingnow 3.Mr Black sa
15、id,“I have walked a long way this week.”Mr Black said that _ a long way _.A.I had walkedlast week B.he had walkedthat week C.I walkedlast week D.he has walkedthis week4.The man thought,“I shall take it back tomorrow.”The man thought that _ take it back _.A.I shalltomorrow B.I shallthe next day C.he
16、shouldtomorrow D.he would the next day 5.They said to us,“Are you afraid to leave this house?”They asked us _ afraid to leave _ house.A.that were wethis B.that we werethat C.if were we this D.if we werethat6.Jane said,“What did he hear about a week ago?”Jane asked _ about _.A.that he hearda week ago
17、 B.what he had heardthe week before C.what he had herd a week ago D.if he heardthe week ago7.She asked,“Whose house will he break into next time?”She asked whose house _ break into _.A.will henext time B.would hethe next time C.he wouldthe next time D.he willnext time 8.Jack said to her,“Where do yo
18、u spend your holidays?”Jack asked her where _ holidays.A.she spent her B.you spend your C.she spend her D.you spent your9.Black asked me,“Why havent you left here yet?”Black asked me why _ yet.A.I hadnt left there B.I havent left here C.hadnt I left there D.havent I left here 10.The teacher asked her,“Does the sun rise in the east?”The teacher asked her _ the sun _ in the east.A.ifrise B.ifrises C.whetherrose D.whether did rise