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1、Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China一、背单词与词块（一）背阅读单词会认就行（背诵时遮住右侧汉语，先自主翻译，后比对词义）1. principle n.原则；准则2. resign vi.辞职3. bark n.树皮4. leather;:.皮革5. monk n.和尚6. category n.范畴；种类（二）背重点单词写对才行1. orders.秩序2. lovezt.仁爱3. softadj.柔软的4. fuel n.燃料5. positions.职位6. condition/!.状况；条件；环境（三）背拓
2、展单词用准才行1. just公正的f justice几. 公正2. honest 分诚实的一honesty，.诚实3. thinks.想，思考，认为fthinker”.思想家4. kind回,和蔼的；善良的f kindness/2.善良5. philosophy n.哲学f philosopher”,哲学家6. advise建议f advice”.建议f adviser”.顾问7. influence n.影响f influential。力.有影响的8. free。的自由的；空闲的；免费的ffreedom”.自由9. important n力.重要的f importance.重要；重要性10.
3、 contribute贡献；捐献；捐助f contributiorm.贡献f contributor.作出贡献者11. invent .发明f invention% 发明f inventor. 发明家12. argue况.争论；争辩；论证f argument/?,争论；辩论；议论13. stress.强调n.精神压力；心理负担；紧张；压力f stressed。力.紧张的,感到有 压力的f stressful 力.紧张的,有压力的14. teach 1?.教，教学f teache教师f teaching儿（常作复数）教导；学说15. equal 力.平等的；相等的。.比得上fequallyodo
4、.平等地f equality九相等；平等(4)表示“总之”的短语除了“in conclusion外，还有:in a word, in all, in short, in brief等。II .易错对对碰辨析比较 for the first time VS the first time比较Mary was a shy girl _the_first_time I met her.There is no feeling on earth like winning for the first time.辨清(l)the first time可以作连词，引导时间状语从句；还可以作名词后接that从句。
5、 (2)for the first time是介词短语，意为“第一次，首次，初次“，一般用作状语， 修饰谓语动词，可以放在句首，可以放在句末。HL多义比比看一词多义(写出下列各句中bring up的含义)Born into a family with three brothers, David was broughtup to value the sense of sharing. 教育He brought up a practical plan in the meeting, which brought down the cost of production. 提出 He was drunk
6、 and brought up what he had eaten at midnight J呕吐Brought up in a big city, he found it quite difficult to fit in the countryside.抚养； 养育句式的验收盘点()the way作先行词的定语从句通其用补全句子It is not what he said but the way he said it that surprised me.让我吃惊的不是他说了什么而是他说话的方式。The way that/which came up at the meeting was un
7、practical.在会议上提出的方法不切实际。(3)1 think you hurt his pride by laughing at the way(that/in which)he speaksEnglish.我觉得你嘲笑他说英语的方式伤害了他的自尊心。解其困(l)way表示“方式；方法”时，若从句中缺少方式状语，其后常接in which或that引 导的定语从句，也可以将关系词in which或that省略掉(2)way后接定语从句时，如果从句中缺少主语或宾语，则用关系代词that/which,作宾 语时可以省略，作主语时不可省略。(3)way表示“方式；方法”时，其后可接不定式或of
8、 doing sth.形式。(二)The reason why .is that ”的原因是”通其用1 .单句语法填空The reason why he has had such a success is that he never gives up.(2)Why dont you believe the reason that my car was held up in the traffic jam?2 .补全句子The reason (that/which) he explained at the meeting was that he didnt catch the first bus
9、.他在会议上解释的理由是他没有赶上第一辆公共汽车。解其困(l)the reason why .is that表示“的原因是，其中why引导定语从句,that引导表语从句。(2)the reason that/which，表示的原因，that/which引导定语从句，并在定语从句中作主语或宾语。the reason that，表示的原因”，that后接同位语从句，解释其内容。(4)reason用作先行词时，首先判断定语从句中缺少什么成分，如果缺少状语，则要用关 系副词why或for which引导定语从句，why有时可省略；如果缺少主语或宾语，则要用 关系代词that/which引导定语从句，t
10、hat/which在定语从句中作宾语口寸可省略，作主语时不 可省略。学案(三)高考语篇的价值发掘提升学科素养2018浙江高考悯读理解A篇对接课标主题：对社会有突出贡献的人物(一)精读真题拓展语言能力(语篇中黑体词汇为主题词汇，请注意积累并揣摩其用 法)lIn 1812,lIn 1812,the year Charles Dickens was born,there were 66 novelspublished in Britain.People had been writing novels for a century - most experts date1 the first novel
11、 toRohinsonCrusoe in 1719 but nobody wanted to do it professionally.The steam powered printing press was still in its early stages; the literacy （识字）rate in England was under 50%.Many works of fiction appeared without the names of the authors, often with something like By a lady. Novels, fbr the mos
12、t part, were looked upon as silly, immoral or just plain bad.2In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose characters - from Oliver Twist
13、 to Tiny Tim - were held up as moral touchstones.Today Dickens* greatness is unchallenged.Removing him from the pantheon （名人堂）of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off theMonaLisa.3How did Dickens get to the top? For all the feelings readers attach to stories, li
14、terature is a numbers game, and the test of time is extremely difficult to pass.Some 60,000 novels were published during the Victorian age, from 1837 to 1901 ； today a casual reader might be able to name1 a half dozen of them.Ifs partly true that Dickens* style of writing attracted audiences from al
15、l walks of life .Its partly that his writings rode a wave of social, political and scientific progress.But its also that he rewrote the culture of literature and put himself at the center.No one will ever know what mix of talent, ambition, energy and luck made Dickens such a distinguished writer. Bu
16、t as the 200th anniversary of his birth approaches, it is possible 一 and important for our own culture - to understand how he made himself a lasting one.析微点厚积语言基础通句式句子（1）中the year作1812的同位语，there be句型中published作定语修饰novels o微点拨名词动用：daten.日期；约会确定年代构词法合成词猜测词义：根据两个词各自的含义就可以很容易猜测出所构成新词的含义。steam-powered: s
17、team（汽）+ powered（由驱动的）-steam-powered.蒸汽驱动的微点拨注意文中的破折号：本文第二段中的破折号起解释说明的作用。破折号后的内容是对前文的解释。微积累熟词生义：namen.名字6给命名（熟义）V.说出的名称；叫出的名字（生义）微积累常用短语识记all walks of life各行各业;各界通句式句子（2）中what引导宾语从句。其中“made Dickens such a distinguishedwriter”为make+宾语+宾语补足语（名词）的结构,意为“使成为”。理脉络内化读文规律（二）解析真题感悟素养立意考什么怎么考真题再做21. Which of
18、the following best describes British novels in the 18th century?A. They were difficult to understand.B They were popular among the rich.C. They were seen as nearly worthless.D. They were written mostly by women.解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，在18世纪，印刷技术落后，人 们识字率低，很多作品上没有作者名字，小说被认为是愚蠢的、有悖道德的或糟糕透顶的。 故选C项。22.
19、Dickens is compared with the MonaLisa in the text to stress.A. his reputation in FranceB - his interest in modern artC. his success in publicationD. his importance in literature解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知，把他从英国文学的名人堂移除就 跟卢浮宫廉价出售蒙娜丽莎的感觉一样，可见狄更斯在英国文学史上的重要性，由此可 推知D项正确。23. What is the authors purpose in wri
20、ting the text?A. To remember a great writer.B. To introduce an English novel.C. To encourage studies on culture.D. To promote values of the Victorian age.解析：选A 写作意图题。根据文中对查尔斯狄更斯及其作品在英国小说史上重要性 的介绍，和本文最后一句可知，本文写于查尔斯狄更斯诞辰200周年前夕，由此可知作者 写本文是为了纪念查尔斯狄更斯这位伟大的作家。为什么考.有何价值导向解读一、发展思维品质文中第23题主要考查学生的概括性思维。本文通过介
21、绍英语文学史上的泰斗狄更斯的 贡献及其历史地位，以此纪念这位文学泰斗。一些考生由于缺乏概括性思维，凭断章取义的 思维而往往错选。B、C、D三项以偏概全，B项“介绍一本英语小说”、C项“鼓励研究 文学”以及D项“倡导维多利亚时代的价值观”，这三项都不是作者写作本文的目的。考 生要在平时学习中注意概括性思维品质的锻炼，不要以偏概全或断章取义。二、聚焦核心价值本文介绍了狄更斯在英国文学中的地位以及他是如何获此殊荣的，以此来纪念这位伟大 作家。该篇综合考查了考生在“语言能力、文化意识、思维品质和学习能力”四个方面的能 力。“文化为先”便是木文的一大特点，旨在引导学生分析和鉴赏文学的能力，提高文学素 养
22、，从而传承和弘扬中华民族优秀传统文化和文学遗产。中国作为四大文明古国之一，文学 方面创造了许多成就，尤其是中国作家莫言获得了诺贝尔文学奖，更加激励学生继承和发扬 中国传统文化。（三）借力真题发掘学习能力I .单句语法填空1. You need a complete change, both professionally (profession) and personally.2. He works for a company that publishes (publish) reference books.3. He was casually (casual) dressed in jeans
23、 and a T-shirt.4. Chris feels that her ambitious (ambition) nature made her unsuitable for the job.5. . He was the most distinguished (distinguish) scholar in this field.II .补全句子1. He is so outgoing that he has friends from all walks ofLlife (各彳亍各业的).2. His determination and consideration made him a
24、 good leader (使他成为好领导)in the team.3. Can you name alL th6 students (说出所有学生的名字)in your class?III .分析长难句In 1870, when Dickens died, the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher, famous and beloved, who had led an explosion in both the publication of novels and their readership
25、and whose characters - from Oliver Twist to Tiny Tim - were held up as moral touchstones.句式解构本句是含有一个时间状语从句和两个定语从句的主从复合句。主句的主语是 the world,谓语动词是mourned。其中when引导时间状语从句;who和whose分别引导一 个非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词first professional writer and publishero一句意翻译11870年，当狄更斯去世的时候，全世界都沉痛悼念这个世界上第一位专业作 家和出版商，他声名远扬而受人爱戴，他使小说的出
26、版数量和读者人数急剧增加，他小说中 的主人公从奥利弗特维斯特到小蒂姆都被认为是道德的试金石。IV .主题语境写作你特别喜欢作家查尔斯狄更斯的作品，尤其是雾都孤儿(OliverTwist),你被故事里 面的故事情节和主人公深深吸引以至于把自己幻想成故事的主人公。请你就此情景写一篇小 短文。注意：1 .词数100左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考范文：I am very fond of Charles Dickens works, especially OliverTwist. One day, I read the book, I was so absorbed in it that
27、I even forgot to have meals.I was moved by the stories and the little poor boy in the book, and at the same time, I experienced the kindness and the persistence of the little boy, which inspired me a lot. I even imagined I was the little boy who lived a hard life but with the help of the kind people
28、, I found my happiness in the end.课下主题训练对社会有突出贡献的人物I .阅读理解When it comes to the greatest inventions of the world, Chinas name is sure to be mentioned several times. There are hundreds of things which were invented by the Chinese.AlcoholShocked? It was because when they said alcohol I thought about ei
29、ther the US or the UK. China had never crossed my mind. In China, alcohol was made by two legendary persons named Yi Di and Du Kang who belonged to the Xia Dynasty. This period was about 2000 BC 1600 BC. Research says that in ancient China, beer with 4% alcoholic content was widely consumed by peopl
30、e.TeaChina is the proud inventor of tea which was first drunk by Shen Nong, a Chinese emperor around 2737 BC. Tea production was rapidly developed, making tea a popular drink during the Tang and Song Dynasties.The Mechanical ClockHave you ever wondered what on earth we would be doing without any ide
31、a of time? A clock really is an invention without which things were incomplete. The credit of making the first mechanical clock goes to ancient China. The first mechanical clock was invented by Yi Xing in the Tang Dynasty. This was during 618 AD and 907 AD.Silk FabricSilk, the favorite fabric of man
32、y girls out there, is also a Chinese invention. Although we all know that silk is made by silkworms, it was Chinese people who first invented a way to harvest the silk and then use it to make clothes. The oldest silk which has been found so far is in Henan Province and dates back to 3630 BC.语篇解读：本文是
33、一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了中国的四个发明，分别是酒、茶、机械 钟和丝绸。1. What can we learn from Paragraph 2?A. Beer was popular in the Xia Dynasty.B. Yi Di and Du Kang invented alcohol.C. Alcohol was first invented in the US.D. It is well known that alcohol is a Chinese invention.解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In China, alcohol was made by two
34、 legendary persons named Yi Di and Du Kang who belonged to the Xia Dy nasty.”可知，在中国，酒是由夏 朝的两位传奇人物仪逖和杜康酿制的。由此可知，仪逖和杜康发明了酒。故选B。2. The author asks the question in Paragraph 4 to show.A. ancient Chinese inventors were wiserB - many things in our lives are incompleteC. ancient Chinese people never wasted
35、 timeD. the mechanical clock is an important invention解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第四段中的Have you ever wondered . incomplete.“可知， 你有没有想过，如果没有时间观念，我们到底会做些什么？钟表的确是一项没有它，一切就 不完整的发明。由此可推知，作者在第四段中提出的问题是为了说明机械钟是一项重要的发 明。故选D。3. Which of the following inventions has a longer history?A. Silk fabric.B. Tea.C. Alcohol. D. The
36、 mechanical clock.解析：选A 细节理解题。阅读全文可知，迄今为止发现的最古老的丝绸在河南省，可 以追溯到公元前3630年。对比可知，四项发明中，丝绸织物有较长的历史。故选A。II.完形填空Being admitted to hospital is boring. Since childhood Kevin Gatlin has been bored by the 1 environments of hospital rooms so he came up with a 2 solution to help with the hospital depressions as a
37、means of making sure that his children were never forced to 3 the same boredom.Gatlin is the 4 behind Playtime Edventures, featuring dozens of games and lessons for children 5 to their hospital beds. Several years ago, Gatlin went to 6 his friends child in hospital. He got the 7 for the bed sheets.I
38、t was to see a child spending hours and hours in a plain white room. He 9 how his wife had always played games on his son*s bed in order to 10 him to fall asleep. Gatlin then spent the next two years 11 the sheets so that children could be entertained from the 12 of their own bed.He also worked with
39、 teachers to make the games 13 . “We put together bedsheets and sleep bags that 14 everything from geography, math, science, grammar, word find games . all on a three-piece set, “ Gatlin said. Up till now, Gatlin knows that his 15 are being used in 10 different hospitals. But since his customers are
40、 able to 16 the bedsheets to their own local hospitals, that number could be much higher. Therefore, more kids can 17 .Parents can also 18 the sheets for their own children at home. Catlin hopes that his invention will soon make its way into 19 around the world. So 20 kids lying in bed wont get bore
41、d.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了 Kevin Gatlin受到医院里无聊的孩子的 启发，发明了一款床单，让躺在病床上的孩子可以在自己舒适的床上娱乐。1. A.unfriendlyB. dullC. pleasantD. healthy解析：选B 根据文章首句“Being admitted to hospital is boring.“可知，医院的病房环境 很枯燥。故选B。2. A.simpleB. peacefulC. normalD. complex解析：选A 根据后文可知Gatlin发明了可以做游戏的床单这个简单的方法来帮助缓解 医院的压抑。故选A。3. A.escapeB.
42、 enjoyC. experienceD. increase角窣析：选 C 根据上文“making sure that his children were never forced to”可知，Gatlin 想 出这个办法是为了以确保他的孩子们永远不会被迫经历同样的无聊。故选C。4. A.customerB. competitorC. sponsorD. inventor解析：选 D 根据后文“behind Playtime Edventures, featuring dozens of games and lessons for children”可知，Gatlin 是 Playtime E
43、dventures 公司的创始人。故选 D。5. A.addictedB. restrictedC. devotedD. accustomed解析：选B 根据后文“to their hospital beds”可知，该公司为许多限制在医院病床上的 孩子们提供了游戏和课程。故选B。6. A.trainB. adoptC. visitD. examine解析：选C 根据后文“his friend*s child in hospital”可知，Gatlin去医院探望他朋友住院 的孩子。故选C。7. A.inspirationB. moneyC. materialD. permission解析：选A
44、句意：他获得了床单的灵感。后来Gatlin发明了游戏床单，可知在那次看 望朋友孩子的事情中他获得了灵感。故选A。8. A.boringB. scaringC. puzzlingD. heartbreaking角星析：选 D 根据后文“to see a child spending hours and hours in a plain white room可知, 看到一个孩子在一间朴素的白色房间里一小时又一小时地待着，真叫人心碎。故选D。9. A.dreamed ofB. thought aboutC. found outD. depended on解析：选 B 根据后文“how his wif
45、e had always played games on his sons bed in order to” 可知，Gatlin想到了他的妻子总是在他儿子的床上玩游戏。故选B。C. helpD.promise解析：选C 他的妻子总是在他儿子的床上玩游戏是为了帮助儿子入睡。故选C。11. A.developingB.promotingC. advertisingD.producing解析：选A 根据上文“Gatlin then spent the next two years”可知，Gatlin用了两年时间开 发出了床单。故选A。12. A.qualityB.sizeC. warmthD.com
46、fort解析：选D 床单可以让孩子们在自己的床上舒适地享受娱乐。故选D。13. A.professionalB.educationalC. regularD.profitable解析：选B 根据后文“We put togethergames”可知，这些游戏还具有教育意义，上面 包含了学科知识。故选B。14. A.changeB. mendC. coverD. differ角星析：选 C 根据后文“everything from geography, math, science, grammar, word find games”可知，这款床单内容涵盖了地理、数学、科学、语法、找字游戏等。故选C
47、。15. A.sheetsB. curesC. lessonsD. games解析：选A 根据第三段中可知此处指Gatlin开发的床单被用于10家不同的医院。故 选A。16. A.discoverB. connectC. submitD. donate解析：选D 根据后文“the bedsheets to their own local hospitals”可知，客户可以将床单 捐赠给当地的医院，其他选项不符合语境。故选D。17. A.relaxB. benefitC. playD. recover解析：选B 句意：因此，更多的孩子可以受益。越来越多的游戏床单被捐赠给了当地 的医院，因此会有更多的孩子受益。故选B。18. A.buyB. designC. sellD. find解析：选A 根据后文“the sheets for their own children at home”可知，此处指父母在家 给孩子买这种床单。故选A。C. hospitalsD. hotels解析：选C 根据后文“lying in bed wonl get bored”可知，Gatlin希望他的发明能很快进 入世界各地的医院。这样躺在床上生病的孩子不会感到无聊。故选C。20. A.naughtyB. lonelyC. shyD. sick解析：选D 根据后文“ly