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1、否定的翻译常用否定表示法1 部分否定代词或副词all,both,every,everything,entirely,altogether,completely,often等与not 搭配使用时，表示部分否定，意为“并非都是，不是每个都是”等意思。例如:Both of them are not my brothers.他们两个不全是我的兄弟。Every man can not do it.不是每个人都能做这件事。He is not absolutely wrong.他并不完全错。I dont altogether agree with you.我并不完全同意你。练习I do not rememb
2、er all there formulas.这些公式我并非全记得。Every man cannot be a writer.并非每个人都可以成为作家。2 全部否定英语中表示全部否定时常用 no,not,none,nobody,nothing,never等。比较下列句子的翻译I dont know anything about her.I dont know everything about her.我对她一无所知。她的情况我并不完全知道。3 双重否定，意义肯定。双重否定指一个句子里出现两个否定词，即否定之否定。翻译时，可以翻译成肯定形式，也可以保持双重否定。Variation outside
3、the range given are not unlikely.变化超出规定范围并非不可能。He doesnt lend his books to nobody.他的书没有哪个不借的。Nothing is nothing at all.没有一件事是微不足道的。复合句中有两个否定词也属于双重否定There is not one who know him,I believe,that will not give cheerfully.我相信，凡是曾经认识他的人，都乐于给他一些资助。Nothing was useful which was not honest.不正当的东西就是无用的东西。练习No
4、thing is impossible to a willing mind.有志者事竟成。Nobody does nothing.人人要做事。We cannot but read books to increase our knowledge.我们只能 通过读书来增加知识。There was nothing which you could do which I had not already done.凡是你能做的事我都已经做了。5 形式否定，意义肯定翻译时候，不要拘泥于原文表层结构的否定。You can not be too cautious.越谨慎越好。A man can never ha
5、ve too many friends.朋友越多越好。Nobody reads the book but will be moved.谁读了这本书都会受感动。Note:but这里是关系代词，相当于that，who does（will）not比较下列句子：No one believes that she will succeed.No one believes but she will succeed.There is no one who knows him.There is no one but knows him.一些类似的结构Nothing but=nothing other than(
6、只有）Not a little=much not a few=manyBut a little=little but a few=fewNothing was heard but the dripping o water.只听见水的滴答声。The affair has given her not a little trouble.这事给他带来了很多麻烦。He has but a few friends.他有很多朋友。曲言法：用否定对立的词强调肯定。To my no small astonishment.I found the house on fire.让我大吃一惊，房子发火了。He has
7、no small chance of success.他大有成功可能。练习He cant see you quickly enough.他想立刻见到你。There is no man but has his faults.人皆有过。It is a matter of no small consequence.这事关重大。6 形式肯定，意义否定这种结构，翻译时要译出否定含义。He is more brave than wise.有勇无谋。I am wiser than to believe that.我不会傻到相信这种事情。I was more angry than frightened.我不是
8、害怕了，而是生气了。He is anything but a scholar.他绝不是学者。否定的转移汉英两种语言在表达否定方面有一定的差异。注意否定的转移，才能正确的理解并使译文通顺。1 否定主语，形式上否定谓语。Everybody can not enjoy the music.=Not everybody can enjoy the music.2 否定表语和宾语，但形式上否定谓语。The cloth does not feel very soft.=The cloth feels not very soft.这布摸起来不是太柔软。3否定状语，形式上否定谓语I did not do it
9、 for myself.=I did it not for myself.The student did not sit there listening to the teacher.那个学生坐在那里，并没有听老师讲课。Note:在口语中，否定主句时，主句谓语动词用降调，否定从句时，主句谓语动词用升调。4 否定主句的谓语转换为否定宾语从句的谓语。I dont expect that youre right.我认为你不对。I wouldnt say the novel is worth reading.我认为这部小说不值得一读。5 当view,wish,belief,thought,opinio
10、n等名词做主句表语时，可以把从句中的谓语的否定转移到主句的谓语上。It is not my wish that you should break your word.我希望你不要违背诺言。6 happen,prove,pretend等后有否定不定式时，否定词not往往移位否定谓语。She didnt happen to be present.他当时恰巧不在场。He didnt pretend to notice the misprint.他假装没注意那个印刷错误。7 在notand 结构中，否定的往往是and 后的部分，但否定词not 往往否定谓语。The house is not big a
11、nd comfortable.这房子大，但不舒服。He does not speak Russian and French.他说俄语，但不说法语。疑难否定结构的翻译No more thanYou can no more swim than I can fly.你不能游泳和我不能飞行一样。Than后面的文句，表面虽有肯定的形式，但仍属否定。意为:notjust as not.Not more than=at most(至多）He has no more money than you have.他钱和你一样多。No more than=only比较 He is no more than a poe
12、t.He is no more a poet than we are.练习He could no more bear the noise of a child than he could fly.他绝忍受不了小孩的吵闹。A man has no more right to say an uncivil thing than to act one.一个人无权说无理的事，就象无权做无理的事一样。No less than A whale is no less a mammal than a horse.连词than 前后都表示肯定。连用的 no less than=as many(much)asNo
13、 lessthan=quite asas;the very1 不逊于 2 不外是She is no less beautiful than her sister.He is no less a person than the king.练习We hope to invite no less a person than an assistant professor.我们想聘请一位助教水平的人。He is no less guilty than you.他和你同样有罪。No less than,no more than,not more than,not more thanno more than
14、=as little/few as;(确定）no less than=as many/much as：（确定）not less than要翻译成“不少于”也就是说是“大于等于”的关系 not more than 则翻译成“不多于”，也就是说是“小于等于”的关系 Not more than;no more than;Not lessthan;no lessthanYou are more careful than he is.你比他仔细。You are not more careful than he is.你不如他仔细。You are no more careful than he is.你和他一样不仔细。You are less careful than he is.你不如他仔细（你比他粗心）。You are not less careful than he is.你比他仔细（你不如他粗心）。You are no less careful than he is.你和他一样仔细。