否定句的翻译.ppt

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1、否定句的翻译否定句的翻译英汉两种语言在表达方法上存在很大差异,尤其在表达否定概念上,英语在用词、语法和逻辑等方面与汉语都有很大不同。有些英语否定句译成汉语后却变成了肯定形式,而另一些肯定句型译成汉语后又往往变成否定形式。翻译时要灵活换,才能准确翻译。部分否定表示方法:一、all 的否定式:not all(或:allnot)表示并非都、不是所有的都例如:Not all men can be masters.(=All men cannot be masters.)并非人人都能当头头。Not all bamboo grows tall.并非所有的竹子都会长很高。二、both 的否定式:notbot

2、h(或:both not)并非两个都 例如:I dont want both the books.我不是两本书都要。Both(the)windows are not open.两扇窗子并不都开着。三、every的否定式:不是每都 例如:Not every book is educative.(或:Every book is not educative.)不是每本书都有教育意义的。Not everyone likes this book.并非人人都喜欢这本书。This flower is not seen everywhere.这花并不是随处可见的。四、always的否定式:并非总是(并非一直)

3、例如:He is not always so sad.他并不是一直都这样悲伤。五、entirely,altogether,completely 和quite 的否定式:“不完全”,“并非完全”例如:The businessman is never to be entirely trusted.不可以完全信任商人。He felt not altogether satisfied.他并不完全满意。I dont agree completely.我并不完全同意。What he did was not quite proper.他做的不十分妥当。六、all the time 的否定式:并非一直、未必老

4、是 例如:A foolish man does not make a mistake all the time.笨人未必老是犯错误。七、notand的否定式,被否定的往往是and后面的那一部分。例如:He did not speak clearly and correctly.他讲得清楚但不正确。This film is not interesting and instructive.这部电影有趣但无教育意义。She cannot sing and dance.她会唱歌但不会跳舞。如果将and 换成or,not 对其后面的两部分就全盘否定了。He did not speak clearly o

5、r correctly.他讲的既不清楚也不正确。v如要对上述的all,both,every,always,以及entirely,altogether,completely,quite 和 all the time 等词作完全否定,那就分别要用与之相对应的全否定词,如no,none,neither,no one,never,not(never)at all 等。例如:All of them can do it.-None of them can do it.Both are good.-Neither is good.Everybody likes it.-Nobody likes it.He

6、is always late.-He is never late.We dont trust them entirely.-We never trust them at all.He was here all the time.-He was never here.翻译练习v1)I dont know all of them.v我并不全认识他们。v2)I dont like both of the books.v这两本书我并不都喜欢。v3)Not every student goes to the farm v on Sundays.v并非每个学生星期天都去农场。v4)Not everyone

7、 in our class likes football.v在我们班并非每个人都喜欢足球。全部否定v若要表示全部否定,则应用相应的表示全部否定的否定词。vall none(一个人也没有、没有任何东西),vboth neither(两个都不),vevery no,veveryone no one(nobody),veverything nothing 等。v1)I know none of them.v他们我都不认识。v2)I like neither of the books.这两本书我都不喜欢。v3)No student goes to the farm on Sundays.v星期天没有学

8、生去农场。v4)No one/Nobody in our class likes v football.v v我们班没有人喜欢足球。双重否定double negationv1.强化肯定的双重否定句结构:强化肯定的双重否定句结构:v(1)谓语否定状语否定在这种双重否定结构中,谓语否定主要指“never实义动词”或“操作词not实义动词”;状语否定指“介词名词/动名词”,要么介词否定,要么名词或动名词否定,而介词否定的形式多表现为一个词,即without。例如:You cannot make egg rolls with out breaking eggs.不打破鸡蛋,就无法做出蛋卷来。(即:有失

9、才有得。)He will not do it for nothing?他不会无缘无故做这件事。(他做这件事定有企图。)v(2)主语否定状语否定v主语否定指主语常由noword(比如no名词、nobody、nonevnothing、no one等,这些词被称之为绝对否定词)来担当,或主语由not来否定。vIn some countries no major business is carried on without eye vcontact,requiring facetoface conversation.v在有些国家,一切公事都要面对面地进行,需要当面交谈。vThere is no suc

10、cess without hard ships.v没有磨难,就没有胜利。(没有经历暴雨,那有彩虹。)vNot a student has access to the library without showing his student card不出示学生证,就进入不了图书馆。v(3)主语否定谓语否定Nobody does not believe in him.人人相信他。(无人不信他。)vNot many students will not succeed in passing the exam.大多数同学会通过考试。(4)谓语否定宾语否定I do not have nothing to s

11、ay.v我有话要说。We cant afford not to believe it(the missile attack).v我们不得不相信这(导弹袭击)是真的。v(5)主语否定宾语否定No one has nothing to contribute to society?人人对社会都有贡献。Nobody has no access to the sporting facilities?人人都可以使用这些体育器材。(6)主语否定补语否定补语覆盖面很广,包括名词、介词、形容词、副词、代词、分词以及不定式等等,这些词本身可以是否定形式(比如代词nothing、nobody等),也可以被否定词修饰

12、(比如not补语),也可指那些含有否定词缀的形式(比如形容词、分词的否定词缀等)。Nothing is nothing at all?没有一件事是微不足道的。(凡事都有重要性。)No smoking is harmless?吸烟有害健康。No place is left unexploited?到处都已被开发。v(7)否定词否定意义的动词/名词/形容词/副词英语中有许多词语虽没有被否定词修饰或不含否定词缀,但它们的意义却完全可能是否定的,这样的词和否定词连用时也会构成双重否定。We dont doubt that he will succeed in carrying out the expe

13、riment.我们相信他会做好这个实验。There is no denying the fact that your action has affected her normal life.不可否认,你的行为已经影响了她的正常生活。Comrade Lei Feng was not reluctant to help others.雷锋同志非常乐于助人。v8)主句否定从句否定In the neighborhood there is nobody who does not know me.在这儿,我绝对是个名人。I never read novels that dont appeal to me?

14、我从不看不感兴趣的小说。You cannot take the books away unless you get the special permission from the dean?除非你有系主任的特批,否则你不能把书借走。2.强调型双重否定句强调型双重否定句双重否定句中的两个否定词之间在意义上并不总是互相抵消、互相否定,也有可能是其中一个否定词对另外否定词在意义上有强调的作用,即存在着“否定否定=强调否定”的可能性,这样的双重否定句就称为强调型双重否定句。在该双重否定句中,往往是第二个否定词对第一个否定词进行否定强调,但却失去了它的本义,在意义理解上可以用其反义词来代替。显然,这样的

15、表达要比一般否定句或直接用陈述句在语气上要强烈。这样的双重否定经常出现在古代英语中和现代英语口语中。v(1)谓语否定宾语否定You wont do nothing of the kind”rejoined Mr.Sikes.“你别干这种事”,塞可斯先生又插话道。He will not lend his newly bought car to nobody whoever he is.无论是谁来借他新买的车子,他都不会借。We never thought of nothing wrong.我们从未想过会出什么差错。v2)否定含义的词语,如wonder(想知道、不知道)vdont know/can

16、t tell否定宾语从句I worked and worked,and I didnt know how much I had not done.我日以继日地工作,不知道干了多少活。I could not tell what was not my amazement at the sight of the magnificent Mount Huang?我说不出,有什么能比我看到那雄伟壮观的黄山时,更为惊喜的事了。除了上面提到的这两种情况,下列句子中的强调双重否定也经常见到:In the old society,our family had no food,no clothes,no noth

17、ing.在旧社会里我们家无衣无食,一无所有。He is a mere nobody that nobody knows.他仅仅是个小人物,没有人认识他。否定句翻译技巧v技巧:英语肯定,汉语否定vmore than can结构vThe beauty of the park is more than words can describe.v这个公园美得无法形容。vShe never does more work than she can help.v能不做的事情,她是绝对不做的。v技巧:英语肯定,汉语否定vanything but结构vHe is anything but a scholar.v他

18、绝对不是一个学者。vThe wood bridge is anything but safe.v那座木桥一点也不安全。具有否定意义的动词vmiss(错过,即没有碰到)vdeny(拒绝,即没有答应)vlack(缺乏,即不足)vescape(逃避,即没有被发现)vreject(拒绝,即没有答应)vdecline(拒绝,即没有答应)vdoubt(怀疑,即不太确信)vwonder(想知道,即不明白)vexclude(排除,即没有接受,不包括)具有否定意义的动词短语vgive up(放弃,即没有坚持)vkeep up with(不落后于)vsavefrom(使不)vnot to mention(更不用说

19、)vprotect(keep,prevent)from(不让)vkeep off(不接近)vkeep out(不让进入)vturn a deaf ear to(不听,不顾)vlive up to(不辜负)vkeepdark(不把说出去)等v技巧:否定凸显vThe specification lacks detail.v这份说明书不够详尽。vMy husband missed the last bus,so he had to go back home on foot.v丈夫没赶上末班公共汽车,所以只好步行回家。vPlease keep the news dark.v请不要把这个消息说出去。具有

20、否定意义的名词vneglect(没有注意到)vfailure(失败,即没有完成)vrefusal(拒绝,即否认,没有答应)vabsence(不在,缺少)vshortage(不足)vloss(没有)lack(缺乏,没有)vnegation(拒绝,即否认具有否定意义的形容词或者形容词短语vfar from(远不,一点也不)vfree from(不受影响)vsafe from(免于)vshort of(缺少,不足)vignorant of(不知道,没有注意到)vindependent of(不受的支配)vforeign to(不适合,与无关)vblind to(看不见)v技巧:否定凸显vThe ne

21、wspaper accounts are far from being true.v报纸的报道远非事实。vYou are the last woman Ill propose to.v我是打死都不会向你求婚的。v技巧:否定凸显vWe cannot finish the peace process in the absence of the warring countries.v参战国都不参与的情况下,我们无法完成和平进程。具有否定意义的介词或者介词短语vbeyond(超出)vbut for(要不是)vin spite of(不管)vagainst(不同意)vbefore(还没有就)vbut(除

22、之外)vexcept(除之外)vfrom(阻止,使不做某事)vwithin(不超出)vout of the question(不可能)v技巧:否定凸显vIt all happened before I got a close look.v我还没看清,事情就发生了。vMr.Thompson was above reproach.v汤普森先生是无可指责的。vHer beauty is beyond words.v她的美丽是语言无法描述的。祈使句中的否定v技巧:反说正译 No smoking!严禁吸烟No deposit will be refunded unless ticket produced.凭票退还押金。Dont hesitate to ask any questions.请大家积极发问。

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