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1、语法考点之一 ：虚拟语调考点1. If从句中虚拟语调1、与过去事实相反：从句sb had done，主句sb would(should，could，might)+ have done；2、省略if，从句语序用到装，即将were，had或 should移至主语前面，但否认词not不前移。3、与将来事实相反：从句sb did (should+do或were+to do)，主句sb would (should，could，might)+do。4、错综条件句：主句与从句动作发生在不同步间段。例如：从句对过去虚拟，而主句对当前虚拟，即从句sb had done，主句sb would(should，cou
2、ld，might)+do；考点2：表达建议、规定、命令等动词如insist，order，command，suggest，advise，propose，ask，require，request，demand引导从句及it引导相应分词、名词和形容词从句，谓语用（should)+动词原形。 考点3：It is +advisable，essential，important，imperative，incredible等从句，谓语用（should）+动词原形。考点4：it is (high/about) time that构造中，从句使用普通过去式。例如:考点5：much as尽管，虽然引导让步状语从句，从
3、句中用would have done表达假设。考点6：if only，wish，as if/as though引导从句，与过去事实相反：had + done；与当前事实相反：动词过去式；与将来事实相反：could/would + do考点7：would rather/sooner从句中使用普通过去式或过去完毕式分别表达对当前或过去虚拟考点8：lest / for fear that+(should ) +原形动词。语法考点之二 ：情态动词*情态动词：will（乐意），shall（将），must（必要），can，may，would，should (应当)，might，could，ought to
4、，used to（过去经常），need（需要），dare（竟敢），have to（不得不）考试中，情态动词某些重点测试如下内容：（1）情态动词+行为动词完毕式（表达推测） （2）某些情态动词特殊用法考点1. 情态动词have过去分词构造表达推测(1) must have done表达推测过去某事“一定”发生了。否认形式为：cant / couldnt have v-ed，表达过去不也许发生某事。(2) could have done表达推测过去某动作“很也许”发生了。(3) may / might have done 表达推测过去某事“也许”发生了.(4) ought to / should
5、have done 和 ought not to / shouldnt have done 用于对已发生状况表达“责怪”、“不满”，分别表达“本应当”和“本不应当”(5) neednt have done 表达过去做了某事，但没有做必要， 意为“本没必要”。*did not need to do 动作并没发生。考点2. 特殊用法(1) should 表达惊讶1. I am surprised_ this city is a dull place to live in. A. that you should think B. by what you are thinking C. that yo
6、u would think D. with what you were thinking (2) Cant but + V.,表达不得不，与have to同义。Cant help +Ving 忍不住。(3) cannot too / enough 表达 “无论怎么也不算过度”、“越越好”(4) may/ might as well + 动词原形”意为“最佳，满可以，倒不如”，相称于had better(5) may well + 动词原形”，意为“（完全）能，很也许” (6) may as well as还是好了 语法考点之三 ：非谓语动词考点1：不定式(1) 考察哪些动词接不定式；(2) 考
7、察哪些短语接不带to不定式；Had better/had bestWould rather/would rather than/rather than/would sooner/would soonerthanCannot but/cannot help but/do nothing but/do nothing besides/do nothing than Why引导疑问句(3)考察动词不定期时态和语态：进行式to be doing，完毕式to have done;普通式被动语态to be done；完毕式被动语态to have been done。此外，不定式短语有将来时意思； 考点2：
8、动名词(1) 常接动名词做宾语词：mind(介意)，miss(逃过)，mention(提及)，prevent，postpone，practice，risk(冒险)，resist(抵制)，consider(考虑)，admit(认可)，avoid(避免)，appreciate(感激)，fancy(幻想)，finish(完毕)，feel like(喜欢)，escape(逃脱)，ensure(保证) ，delay(延迟)，deny(否认)，resent，detest，imagine(想象)，suggest(建议) (2) 介词后ing：prevent/stop/keep sb /sth from do
9、ing 制止做spend/waste time /money in doing 在做方面花钱、挥霍时间或金钱；how /what about doing sth 做怎么样了？Have some difficulty/trouble in doing 在方面有些困难；There is no sense in doing (做是没有理由)Thank / admire /praise/blame /scold/ punish sb for doing sth因做某事而感谢、羡慕、表扬、责怪、处罚某人(3) 接动名词做介词to 宾语：apply oneself to致力于；be accustomed
10、to习惯于；confess to供认；come to谈到；devote oneself to献身于；get down to着手做；give way to 对让步；lead to导致；look forward to期待；next to几乎；object to反对；pay attention to注意；stick to坚持；stand up to勇敢面对；turn to求助于；be used to习惯于考点3：分词(1)从语态上看，当前分词普通表积极，过去分词普通表被动；(2)从时态上看，当前分词表达进行，过去分词表达过去。假如分词动作发生在句子谓语动词动作之前，分词用完毕时。（3）当前分词否认形
11、式是not放在分词之前。*非谓语动词解题三步曲：一、一方面拟定主句；二、分析积极被动；三、分析动作先后1. _ should not become a serious disadvantage in life and work. A. To be not tall B. Not being tall C. Being not tall D. Not to be tall2. The man preparing the documents is the firms lawyer has all the following possible meanings EXCEPT . A. the man
12、 who has prepared the documents. B. the man who has been preparing the documents.C. the man who is preparing the documents. D. the man who will prepare the documents.3. _ at in this way，the situation does not seem so desperate. A. Looking B. looked C. Being looked D. to look4. If not _ with the resp
13、ect he feels due to him，Jack gets very ill-tempered and grumbles all the time. A. being treated B. treatedC. be treated D. having been treated5. _，he can now only watch it on TV at home. 1998 A. Obtaining not a ticket for the match B. Not obtaining a ticket for the match C. Not having obtained a tic
14、ket for the match D. Not obtained a ticket for the match 6. He wasnt asked to take on the chairmanship of the society，_insufficiently poplar with all members.1996 A. having considered B. was considered C. was being considered D. being considered 7. He noticed the helicopter hovering over the field.
15、Then to his astonishment，he saw a rope ladder_ out and three men climbing down it. 1995 A. throwing B. being thrown C. having thrown D. having been thrown 8. This missile is designed so that once _nothing can be done to retrieve it.1995 A. fired B. being fired C. they fired D. having fired 考点4：独立主格（
16、句中没有连接词，逗号分开两个句子，存在两个主语。形式：名词/代词分词）。(1) 分词短语作状语时，有自己独立逻辑上“主语”，相称于各种形式状语，表达一种随着动作、状况或表因素(2) 介词（with）+名词+形容词/副词+分词，表达随着行动做或补充阐明1. Agriculture is the countrys chief source of wealth，wheat _ by far the biggest cereal crop. A. is B. been C. be D. being 2. Time _，the celebration will be held as scheduled.
17、 A. permit B. permitting C. permitted D. permits 3. There _ nothing more for discussion，the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier. A. to be B. to have been C. being D. be 4. _ no cause for alarm，the old man went back to his bedroom.1996 A. There was B. Since C. Being D. There being 5. The coun
18、trys chief exports are coal，cars and cotton goods，cars _the most important of these. 1994 A. have been B. are C. being D. are being6. The tape recorder_ out of order，the students did not know what to do.1990 A. was B. Being C. has been D. was being 语法考点之四 ：定语从句关系代词：which（指sth 作主语或宾语），that（指sb或sth 作主
19、语或宾语），who（指sb作主语或宾语），whom（指sb作宾语），whose（指sb或sth，作定语）,as（指sb,sth 作主语或宾语）;做宾语时候， 关系代词可以省略。关系副词：when（指时间 on which），where（指地点 at which），why（指因素 for which）考点1. 先行词为人时引导词who和that (1) 只能用who不用that：1)当先行词为one(s)，anyone，those时；2)当先行词为人称代词时。(2) 只能用that不用who：1)当主句已经浮现who时。2)关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。1. He is quite worn o
20、ut from years of hard work. He is not the man _ he was twenty years ago. A. which B. that C. who D. whom 考点2. 先行词为物时引导词that和which (1) 只能用that不用which：1)先行词为much，little，few，nothing，none，anything，no，all等不定代词。2）先行词既有人又有物。3）先行词被形容词最高档或序数词修饰。4）先行词被the very，the only，the last，just，all，any，every，no等修饰。5）关系代词
21、在从句中作表语。6) 在疑问词who、which、what开头句子中。7) 主句是there be句型。1. I was very interested in _ she told me. A. all that B. all which C. all what D. That2. There is no one in the world _.1991 A. that ever made mistakes B. that has ever made mistakes C. that never makes mistakes D. that sometimes makes mistakes(2)
22、 只能用which不用that：1) 定语从句中介词前置时关系代词只能用which;We depend on the land from which we get our food. 2) 引导非限制性定语从句时只能用which,其先行词可是一种词，也可是整个主句或主句某一某些。 1. They overcame all the difficulties and completed the project two months ahead of time，_is something we had not expected. A. which B. it C. that D. what 2. W
23、eve just installed two air-conditioners in our apartment，_should make great differences in our life next summer. A. which B. what C. that D. They考点3：介词+关系代词 (which/ whom)(1) 关系代词前介词拟定办法：定语从句动词与先行词逻辑关系，或者从句动词、形容词习惯性搭配。1. The party，_I was the guest of honour，was extremely enjoyable. A. by which B. for
24、 which C. to which D. at which2. Ive never been to Lhasa，but thats the city _.1999A. Id most like to visit B. which I like to visit mostly C. where I like to visit D. Id like much to visit3.I have never been to London，but that is the city _.1997A. where I like to visit most B. Id most like to visit.
25、C. which I like to visit mostly D. where Id like most to visit(2) Whose从句1. Above the trees are the hills，_ magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface. A. where B. of whose C. whose D. which考点4：关系副词运用 先行词为“时间名词”用when1. She remembered several occasions in the past _she had experienced
26、a similar feeling.1998A. which B. before C. that D. when 先行词为“表达地点名词”用where1. Have you ever been in a situation _ you know the other person is right yet you cannot agree with him? A. by which B. that C. in where D. Where 先行词为“表达因素名词”why：reasonwhy（表达因素名词只有一种）考点5：as与which引导定语从句as 放在句首句中都可以，which 必须放在句
27、中，但下列状况多用as：1) 关系代词引导定语从句居句首时。As is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month. 2) 当与such as或the same连用时，普通用as。3) as 引导定语从句应与主句在乎义上和谐一致，which无此限制： He went abroad，as which was expected. 她出国了，正如人们预料到。 He went abroad，which was unexpected. 她出国了，这让人们感到很意外。(不用as) 1. Only take the
28、se clothes _really necessary.1994 A. as were B. as they are C. as they were D. as are2. _ is often the case with a new idea，much preliminary activity and optimistic discussion produced no concrete proposals. 1994 A. That B. It C. This D. As 注意：定语从句中主谓一致问题：从句中动词在人称和数方面应当与它先行词保持一致。He is one of the tea
29、chers who know English well. He is the only one of the teachers who knows English well.(特殊) 语法考点之五：状语从句考点1：时间状语从句连接词：when，while，as，till/until，before，after，since，once，as soon as，every time，the moment，the minute，no sooner .than hardlywhen等(1) whenever1. Come and see me whenever _. (1997) A. you are co
30、nvenient B. you will be convenient C. it is convenient to you D. it will be convenient to you(2) No sooner than/ hardly .when/ scarcely.when 一 .就.用于句首规定倒装1. The couple had no sooner got to the station _ the coach left. A. when B. as C. until D. Than考点2：条件状语从句连接词：if ，unless so/as long as，on condition
31、 that（条件是），as (so) far as (据.所知)，provided that（要是，假如），in case(假使，假如)，only if（只有）等 only if只有1._ both sides accept the agreement _ a lasting peace be established in this region. A. Only if，will B. If only，wouldC. Should，will D. Unless，wouldunless 除非1. You wont get a loan _ you can offer some security.
32、1996 A. lest B. in case C. unless D. other than 2. _ I was very much mistaken，there was something wrong with Louise. 1995 A. Unless B. As C. Though D. Since 考点3：因素状语从句连接词：Because，since，as (放句首) ，for，now that(既然，由于），when(既然)，considering that（顾及到-），seeing that（由于），in that 由于，既然1. Men differ from anima
33、ls _ they can think and speak. A. for which B. for that C. in that D. in which2. Barry has an advantage over his mother _ he could speak French. () A. since that B. in that C. at that D. so that考点4：让步状语从句连接词:though，although，as，even if/though，whatever，however，wherever，while等引导。(1) while 尽管1. _I sympa
34、thize，I cant really do very much to help them out of the difficulties. A. as long as B. as C. while D. even (2) as/though引导让步状从倒装As/though引导让步状语从句时，必要将表语、状语或动词原形提到as前面。Try again as / though he will，he cant succeed.此时应注意：一、若提前表语是没有形容词修饰单数可数名词，要省略不定冠词；Child as / though he is，he knows much about the so
35、ciety.二、若提前是动词原形(多为不及物动词)，与之连用普通是may，might，will，would等，这些词都要保存在本来位置上(主语后)。Swim as / though he can，he cant swim so far.三、as引导让步状语从句一定要倒装，though引导让步状语从句不一定要倒装，although引导让步状语从句不要倒装。四、让步状语从句中，有though，although时，背面主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。1. Fool _ Jerry is，he could not have done such a thing./ A. who B
36、. as C. like D. that2. _，Mr. Wells is scarcely in sympathy with the working class.A. Although he is a socialist B. Even if he is a socialist C. Being a socialist D. Since he is a socialistEven if 虽然，让步 (3) much as 虽然，尽管1. _ he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend，he had to stay behind to
37、 finish his assignment. A. Much though B. Much as C. As much D. Though much2. _I like economics I like sociology much better. A. As much as B. So much C. How much D. Much as 3. _ he needed money for a new car，he decided not to borrow it from the bank. (1998) A. Much as B. Much though C. As much D. t
38、hough much(4) for all+n 尽管 1. _，he is ready to accept suggestions from different sources. (1997) A. Instead of his contributions B. For all his notable contributions C. His making notable contributions D. However his notable contributions(5) however+adj./adv.1. _ he always tries his best to complete
39、 it on time. (1999) A. However the task is hard B. However hard the task is C. Though hard the task is D. Though hard is the task 考点5：地点状语从句：where/ wherever （wherever - 无论哪里）考点聚焦：地点状语从句和where定语从句区别：Tips：判断是定语从句还是地点状语从句，要看从句前与否有先行词，有先行词是定语从句，否则是状语从句。考点6：方式状语从句1. She did her work _her manager had inst
40、ructed. A. as B. until C. when D. though 考点7：成果状语从句连接词：so that (=in order to)，sothat，suchthat（太以至于）(1) so much so that 到这样限度以致1. -Does Alan like limburgers? -Yes. So much _ that he eats them every day. A. for B. as C. to D. so(2) such that达成这样限度以致1. The brilliance of his satires was _make even his v
41、ictims laugh. 1996 A. so as to B. such as to C. so that D. such that 考点8：目状语从句 连接词：so that，in order that，for fear that（为了防止），lest（以防）1. Loudspeakers were fixed in the hall so that everyone_ an opportunity to hear the speech. A. ought to have B. must have C. may have D. should have语法考点之六：名词从句一、常用考点：考
42、点1：主语从句(1) that引导主语从句句型： that引导主语从句直接放在句首较少，更常用是用it作形式主语置于句首，而将that引导主语从句放在句末，因而，下列都是常用主语从句句型：1) It is +过去分词+ that从句：It is reported that It is believed that It is generally thought that It should be noted that It has been found that It must be pointed out that同样可用动词尚有：say，expect，know，estimate，foreca
43、st2) It is +形容词+ that从句：It is clear that It is likely that It is possible that It is natural that It is certain that It is strange that It is fortunate that It is necessary that3) It is +名词短语+ that从句：It is a pity that It is a fact that It is good news that It is a good thing that It is no wonder tha
44、t It is a shame that It is an honor that It is common knowledge that It is my belief that It is a miracle that4) It +不及物动词+that 从句：It seems that；It follows that；It happens that；It turns out that；It comes about that5) 其她构造：It dawns upon/ on sb that；It occurs to sb that；It makes no difference that；It doesnt need to be bothered that；It is of little consequence that(2) whether 及连接代词或连接副词引导主语从句普通放在句首。考点2：宾语从句w