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1、精品文档精品文档语法考点之一：虚拟语气考点 1. If 从句中的虚拟语气1、与过去事实相反：从句sb had done ，主句 sb would(should,could,might)+ have done；1. I _the party much more if there hadnt been quite such a crowd of people there. 1996 A. would enjoy B. will have enjoyed C. would have enjoyedD. will be enjoying 2. All of us would have enjoyed
2、the party much more if there _ quite such a crowd of people there.2000 A. weren t B. hasnt been C. hadn t beenD. wouldnt省略 if，从句的语序用到装，即将were,had 或 should 移至主语的前面，但否定词not 不前移。3. Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she _ much better results now. 2008 A. would be getting B. could have gotC.
3、must get D. would get 4. _you were busy, I wouldn t have bothered you with my questions. 1994A. If I realized B. Had I realizedC. I realized that D. As I realized 5._, he would not have recovered so quickly. 1995 A. Hadnt he been taken good care of B. Had he not been taken good care ofC. Had not he
4、been taken good care of D. Had he been not taken good care of 6. _for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam. 2002 A. Had it not beenB. Hadn t it been C. Was it not D. Were it not 2、与现在事实相反：从句sb did(were) ，主句 sb would(should, could, might)+do；1. If there were no subjunctive
5、mood, English _ much easier to learn.2009 A. could have been B. would beC. will be D. would have been 2. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he _ able to advise you much better than I can.2005 A. would beB. will have been C. was D. Were 3、与将来事实相反：从句sb did (should+do或 were+to do) ，主句 sb
6、 would (should, could, might)+do。1. _ you _ further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice.2005 A. If, had B. Have, had C. Should, haveD. In case, had 4、错综条件句：主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 18 页 - - - - - - - - - - 精品文
7、档精品文档比如：从句对过去虚拟，而主句对现在虚拟，即从句sb had done ，主句 sb would(should, could, might)+do；1. If only the patient _ a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now.2007 A. had receivedB. received C. should receive D. were receiving 考点 2： 表示建议、 要求、命令等动词如insist, order, command,
8、suggest, advise, propose, ask, require, request, demand 引导的从句及it 引导的相应的分词、名词和形容词从句，谓语用（should)+ 动词原形。1. He left orders that nothing _touched until the police arrived here.1997 A. should beB. ought to be C. must be D. would be 2. She asked that she _ allowed to see her son in police custody. 1993 A.w
9、ould be B.could be C.beD.was 考点 3：It is +advisable, essential, important, imperative（必要的，命令的）, incredible （难以置信的，惊人的）等从句，谓语用（should ）+动词原形。1. It is necessary that he _ the assignment without delay.2010 A. hand inB. hands in C. must hand in D. has to hand in 2. It is absolutely essential that William
10、 _ his study in spite of some learning difficulties.2007 A. will continue B. continued C. continueD. continues 3. It is imperative that the government _ more investment into the shipbuilding industry.2006 A. attracts B. shall attract C. attractD. has to 4.It is imperative that students _ their term
11、papers on time.2004A. hand inB. would hand in C. have to hand in D. handed in考点 4：it is (high/about) time that的结构中，从句使用一般过去式。例如: 1. Its high time we _ cutting down the rainforests.2006A stoppedB had to stop C shall stop D stop 考点 5：much as 尽管，虽然 引导让步状语从句，从句中用would have done 表示假设。1. Much as _, I coul
12、dnt lend him the money because I simply didn t have that much spare cash.1999A.I would have liked toB.I would like to have C.I should have to like D.I should have liked to 考点 6：if only, wish, as if/as though引导从句，与过去事实相反：had + done ；与现在事实相反：动词过去式；与将来事实相反：could/would + do 。1. If only I _play the guita
13、r as well as you! 2006 A would B couldC should D might 2. He talks on and on as if he would never end. 考点 7：would rather/sooner从句中精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 18 页 - - - - - - - - - - 精品文档精品文档使用一般过去式或过去完成式分别表示对现在或过去的虚拟。1. The manager would rather his dau
14、ghter _ in the same office now. A.had not worked B.not to work C.does not work D.did not work考点 8：On condition that. /lest / for fear that+(should ) +原形动词。1. He asked me to lend him some money, which I agreed to do, _ that he paid me back the following week.2005 A. on occasion B. on purpose C. on co
15、nditionD. only if 注： On condition that.是“ 只有 ”“条件是 ” 的意思，可以使用虚拟语气，也可以不用。I ll come on condition that John is invited. They agree to lend him the car on condition he (should) return it in a week. 2. lest 以免e.g. : tiptoed lest the guard should hear her; anxious lest he become ill. 考点 9：but for 要不是 .1.
16、_ your timely advice, I would never have known how to go about the work.1994 A. Unless B. But for C. Except for D. Not for 考点 10：让步状语从句Whether he be rich or poor, I ll marry him.1. _, I ll marry him all the same.2004A. Was he rich or poor B. Whether rich or poorC. Were he rich or poor D. Be he rich
17、or poor 2. Whether my brother right or wrong, he will have my unwavering support.2001 A. Is B. Were C. BeD. Would be 语法考点之二：情态动词* 情态动词 : will （愿意） , shall（将） , must（必须） , can, may, would, should ( 应该 ), might, could, ought to, used to（过去常常） , need（需要） , dare（竟敢），have to（不得不）考试中，情态动词部分重点测试以下内容：（1）情态动
18、词 +行为动词完成式（表示推测）（2）某些情态动词的特殊用法考点 1. 情态动词 have过去分词结构表示推测(1) must have v-ed表示推测过去某事“ 一定 ” 发生了。否定形式为：can t / couldn t have v-ed, 表示过去不可能发生某事。1. Which of the following sentences expresses probability?2008 A. You must leave immediately. B. You must be feeling rather tired.C. You must be here by eight ocl
19、ock. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 18 页 - - - - - - - - - - 精品文档精品文档D. You must complete the reading assignment on time. 2. He _ the 8:20 bus because he didn t leave home till 8:25. (1994)A. couldn t have caught B. ought to have caught C. shouldn t have c
20、aught D. must not have caught(2) could have v-ed 表示推测过去某动作“ 很可能 ” 发生了。(3) may / might have v-ed 表示推测过去某事“ 也许 ” 发生了 . 1. He _ unwisely, but he was at least trying to do something helpful. (1999) A. may have actedB. must have acted C. should act D. would act (4) ought to / should have v-ed 和 ought not
21、 to / shouldn t have v-ed 用于对已发生的情况表示“ 责备 ” 、“ 不满” ，分别表示 “ 本应该 ” 和“ 本不应该 ”1. Arent you tired? I _ you had done enough for today. 2009 A. should have thought B. must have thought C. might have thought D. could have thought (5) needn t have v-ed 表示过去做了某事，但没有做的必要，意为 “ 本没必要 ” 。1. You _ Jim anything abou
22、t it. It was none of his business. (1998) A. needn t have toldB. needn t tell C. mustn t have told D. mustn t tell2. As it turned out to be a small house party, we _ so formally. (1996) A. need not have dressed upB. must not have dressed up C. did not need to dress up D. must not dress up 注意： did no
23、t need to do 动作并没发生。例：I didn t need to get up early, so I got up until 9 a.m. 考点 2. 特殊用法(1) cant“不可能 ” （表推测） , may not “可能不 ” （表推测） , mustn t (must not) “不要 ; 禁止 ”; used not usedn t to 或 didn t use to 过去不 (2) should 表示惊讶1. I am surprised_ this city is a dull place to live in.2006 A. that you should
24、thinkB. by what you are thinking C. that you would think D. with what you were thinking 2. We consider _ he should have left without telling anyone beforehand. 2009 A. strange why B. it strange what C. it strange that D. that strange (3) 用于过去式中，can 常表示能过做某事，但事实不一定去做；be able to 则表示能做某事并且已经做了。1. I wen
25、t there in 1984, and that was the only occasion when I _ the journey in exactly two days.2005 A. must take B. must have made C. was able to makeD. could make (4) Can t but + V.,表示不得不，与have to 同义。 Can t help +Ving 忍不住。(5) cannot too / enough 表示“ 无论怎么 也不算过分 ” 、“ 越 越好 ”精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - -
26、 - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 18 页 - - - - - - - - - - 精品文档精品文档(6) may/ might as well + 动词原形 ” 意为 “ 最好，满可以，倒不如” ，相当于had better Im ready ，so I might as well go now (7) may well + 动词原形 ” ，意为“ （完全） 能，很可能 ” : He may well be proud of his son. 他大可为儿子高兴。(8) may as well as 还是 好了 e.g. You may as
27、well as give him the letter. 语法考点之三：非谓语动词考点 1：不定式近几年考的不多。以前的考点基本集中在：(1) 考察哪些动词接不定式；(2) 考察哪些短语接不带to 的不定式；1) cant help/choose but do 不得不 ,只能 ,不禁2) why not do sth 1. _him tomorrow? 2001 A. Why not to call on B. Why dont call on C. Why not calling on D. Why not call on3) would do rather than do 1.She sa
28、id she would work it out herself, _ ask me for help.1993A.and not to B.but not C.and prefer not D.rather than(3) 考察短语 be believed/said to do sth的用法；1. The Minister of Finance is believed _ of imposing new taxes to raise extra revenue.2004A. that he is thinking B. to be thinkingC. that he is to think
29、 D. to think2. AIDS is said _the number-one killer of both men and women over the past few years in the region.2002 A. being B. to be C. to have beenD. having been 3. Professor Johnson is said _some significant advance in his research in the past year. 1999 A. having made B. making C. to have madeD.
30、 to make (4)考察动词不定时的时态和语态：进行式 to be doing, 完成式 to have done; 一般式被动语态to be done; 完成式被动语态to have been done 。另外，不定式短语有将来时的意思；考点 2：动名词（1）常接动名词做宾语的词：mind( 介意 ), miss(逃过 ), mention( 提及 ), prevent, postpone, practice, risk(冒险 ), resist( 抵制 ), consider( 考虑), admit( 承认 ), avoid( 避免 ), appreciate( 感激 ), fancy
31、( 幻想 ), finish( 完成 )，feel like( 喜欢), escape(逃脱 ), ensure(确保 ) , delay( 延迟 ), deny( 否认), resent, detest, imagine( 想象 ), suggest(建议 ) 1. In international matches, prestige is so important that the only thing that matters is to avoid_. 1996 A. from being beaten B. being beatenC. beating D. to be beaten
32、 2. He resented _to wait. He expected the minister _ him at once.1995 A. to be asked, to see B. being asked, to seeC. to be asked, seeing D. being asked, seeing 3.I never regretted _ offer, for it was not where my interest lay.1993精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第
33、5 页，共 18 页 - - - - - - - - - - 精品文档精品文档A.not to accept B.not having acceptedC.having not accepted D.not acceptingb 选项表示的是对已经发生事件的陈述, 指示某一次特殊的情况. d 选项表示的是一般性的情况,不特指某一次特殊的情况（2）介词后的ing：prevent/stop/keep sb /sth from doing 阻止 做；spend/waste time /money in doing 在做 方面花钱、浪费时间或金钱；how /what about doing sth 做
34、怎么样了？；Have some difficulty/trouble in doing 在方面有些困难；There is no sense in doing ( 做是没有理由的)；Thank / admire /praise/blame /scold/ punish sb for doing sth因做某事而感谢、羡慕、表扬、责备、惩罚某人1. What a nice day! How about the three of us _ a walk in the park nearby?2009 A. to take B. take C. takingD. to be taking 2. Tho
35、ugh her father never approved of _ to drama school, she became a well-known actress.1991 A. going B. her to go C. her goingD. her go （3）接动名词做介词to 的宾语：apply oneself to 致力于； be accustomed to 习惯于； confess to 供认； come to 谈到； devote oneself to 献身于；get down to 着手做； give way to 对让步； lead to 导致； look forwar
36、d to期待； next to 几乎； object to 反对； pay attention to注意； stick to 坚持； stand up to 勇敢面对； turn to 求助于； be used to 习惯于1. What s the chance of _ a general election this year? 2005 A. there being B. there to be C. there be D. there going to be 2. The meeting was put off because we _ a meeting without John.
37、2005 A. objected having B. were objected to having C. objected to have D. objected to having 考点 3：分词（ 1）从语态上看，现在分词一般表主动，过去分词一般表被动；（ 2）从时态上看，现在分词表示进行，过去分词表示过去。如果分词动作发生在句子谓语动词动作之前，分词用完成时。（ 3）现在分词的否定形式是not 放在分词之前。* 非谓语动词解题三步曲：一、首先确定主句；二、分析主动被动；三、分析动作先后1. _ should not become a serious disadvantage in li
38、fe and work.2010 A. To be not tall B. Not being tall C. Being not tall D. Not to be tall 2. The man preparing the documents is the firms lawyer has all the following possible meanings EXCEPT . 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 18 页 - - - - - - - - - - 精品文档精品文
39、档2009 A. the man who has prepared the documents. B. the man who has been preparing the documents. C. the man who is preparing the documents. D. the man who will prepare the documents.3. _ at in this way, the situation does not seem so desperate.2000 A. Looking B. lookedC. Being looked D. to look 4.
40、If not _ with the respect he feels due to him, Jack gets very ill-tempered and grumbles all the time.2004 A. being treated B. treatedC. be treated D. having been treated 5. _, he can now only watch it on TV at home. 1998 A. Obtaining not a ticket for the match B. Not obtaining a ticket for the match
41、 C. Not having obtained a ticket for the match D. Not obtained a ticket for the match 6. He wasn t asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, _insufficiently poplar with all members.1996A. having considered B. was considered C. was being considered D. being considered7. He noticed the helicop
42、ter hovering over the field. Then to his astonishment, he saw a rope ladder_ out and three men climbing down it. 1995 A. throwing B. being thrownC. having thrown D. having been thrown 8. This missile is designed so that once _nothing can be done to retrieve it.1995 A. fired B. being fired C. they fi
43、red D. having fired 考点 4：独立主格（句中没有连接词，逗号分开两个句子，存在两个主语。形式：名词 /代词分词）。(1) 分词短语作状语时，有自己独立的逻辑上的“ 主语 ” ，相当于各种形式的状语，表示一种伴随的动作、情况或表原因(2) 介词（ with ）+名词 +形容词 /副词+分词，表示伴随行动做或补充说明1. Agriculture is the countrys chief source of wealth, wheat _ by far the biggest cereal crop.2003A. is B. been C. be D. being 2. Tim
44、e _, the celebration will be held as scheduled.2003 A. permit B. permittingC. permitted D. permits 3. There _ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.2000 A. to be B. to have been C. beingD. be 4. _ no cause for alarm, the old man went back to his bedroom.1996 A.
45、 There was B. Since C. Being D. There being5. The countrys chief exports are coal, cars and cotton goods, cars _the most important of these. 1994A. have been B. are 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 18 页 - - - - - - - - - - 精品文档精品文档C. beingD. are being 6. The
46、 tape recorder_ out of order, the students did not know what to do.1990 A. was B. Being C. has been D. was being 语法考点之四：定语从句关系代词： which （指 sth 作主语或宾语） ，that（指 sb 或 sth 作主语或宾语） ，who（指 sb 作主语或宾语） ，whom （指 sb 作宾语），whose（指 sb 或 sth，作定语） ,as（指 sb,sth 作主语或宾语）; 做宾语的时候，关系代词可以省略。关系副词： when（指时间on which ） ，whe
47、re（指地点at which ） ，why （指原因for which ）考点 1. 先行词为人时引导词who 和 that (1) 只能用 who 不用 that ：1)当先行词为one(s), anyone, those 时；2)当先行词为人称代词时。(2) 只能用 that 不用 who：1)当主句已经出现who 时。2)关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。1. He is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is not the man _ he was twenty years ago. 2003 A. which B. thatC. wh
48、o D. whom 考点 2. 先行词为物时引导词that 和 which (1) 只能用 that 不用 which ：1)先行词为much, little, few, nothing, none, anything, no, all等不定代词。2）先行词既有人又有物。3）先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰。4）先行词被the very, the only, the last, just, all, any, every, no等修饰。5）关系代词在从句中作表语。6) 在疑问词 who、which 、what 开头的句子中。7) 主句是 there be 句型。1. I was very i
49、nterested in _ she told me.2009 A. all that B. all which C. all what D. That 2. There is no one in the world _.1991 A. that ever made mistakes B. that has ever made mistakes C. that never makes mistakesD. that sometimes makes mistakes (2) 只能用 which 不用 that: 1) 定语从句中的介词前置时关系代词只能用which; We depend on t
50、he land from which we get our food. 2) 引导非限制性定语从句时只能用which, 其先行词可是一个词, 也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。1. They overcame all the difficulties and completed the project two months ahead of time, _is something we had 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 18 页 - - - - - - - - - - 精品