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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上语法考点之一 ：虚拟语气考点1. If从句中的虚拟语气1、与过去事实相反：从句sb had done，主句sb would(should, could, might)+ have done；2、省略if，从句的语序用到装，即将were, had或 should移至主语的前面，但否定词not不前移。3、与将来事实相反：从句sb did (should+do或were+to do)，主句sb would (should, could, might)+do。4、错综条件句：主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段。比如：从句对过去虚拟，而主句对现在虚拟，即从句sb had don
2、e，主句sb would(should, could, might)+do；考点2：表示建议、要求、命令等动词如insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, ask, require, request, demand引导的从句及it引导的相应的分词、名词和形容词从句，谓语用（should)+动词原形。 考点3：It is +advisable, essential, important, imperative, incredible等从句，谓语用（should）+动词原形。考点4：it is (high/about) time that的结
3、构中，从句使用一般过去式。例如:考点5：much as尽管，虽然引导让步状语从句，从句中用would have done表示假设。考点6：if only, wish, as if/as though引导从句，与过去事实相反：had + done；与现在事实相反：动词过去式；与将来事实相反：could/would + do考点7：would rather/sooner从句中使用一般过去式或过去完成式分别表示对现在或过去的虚拟考点8：lest / for fear that+(should ) +原形动词。语法考点之二 ：情态动词*情态动词: will（愿意）, shall（将）, must（必须
4、）, can, may, would, should (应该), might, could, ought to, used to（过去常常）, need（需要）, dare（竟敢），have to（不得不）考试中，情态动词部分重点测试以下内容：（1）情态动词+行为动词完成式（表示推测） （2）某些情态动词的特殊用法考点1. 情态动词have过去分词结构表示推测(1) must have done表示推测过去某事“一定”发生了。否定形式为：cant / couldnt have v-ed, 表示过去不可能发生某事。(2) could have done表示推测过去某动作“很可能”发生了。(3)
5、may / might have done 表示推测过去某事“也许”发生了.(4) ought to / should have done 和 ought not to / shouldnt have done 用于对已发生的情况表示“责备”、“不满”，分别表示“本应该”和“本不应该”(5) neednt have done 表示过去做了某事，但没有做的必要， 意为“本没必要”。*did not need to do 动作并没发生。考点2. 特殊用法(1) should 表示惊讶1. I am surprised_ this city is a dull place to live in.20
6、06 A. that you should think B. by what you are thinking C. that you would think D. with what you were thinking (2) Cant but + V.,表示不得不，与have to同义。Cant help +Ving 忍不住。(3) cannot too / enough 表示 “无论怎么也不算过分”、“越越好”(4) may/ might as well + 动词原形”意为“最好，满可以，倒不如”，相当于had better(5) may well + 动词原形”，意为“（完全）能，很可
7、能” (6) may as well as还是好了 语法考点之三 ：非谓语动词考点1：不定式(1) 考察哪些动词接不定式；(2) 考察哪些短语接不带to的不定式；Had better/had bestWould rather/would rather than/rather than/would sooner/would soonerthanCannot but/cannot help but/do nothing but/do nothing besides/do nothing than Why引导的疑问句(3)考察动词不定时的时态和语态：进行式to be doing, 完成式to hav
8、e done;一般式被动语态to be done; 完成式被动语态to have been done。另外，不定式短语有将来时的意思； 考点2：动名词(1) 常接动名词做宾语的词：mind(介意), miss(逃过), mention(提及), prevent, postpone, practice, risk(冒险), resist(抵制), consider(考虑), admit(承认), avoid(避免), appreciate(感激), fancy(幻想), finish(完成)，feel like(喜欢), escape(逃脱), ensure(确保) , delay(延迟), d
9、eny(否认), resent, detest, imagine(想象), suggest(建议) (2) 介词后的ing：prevent/stop/keep sb /sth from doing 阻止做spend/waste time /money in doing 在做方面花钱、浪费时间或金钱；how /what about doing sth 做怎么样了？Have some difficulty/trouble in doing 在方面有些困难；There is no sense in doing (做是没有理由的)Thank / admire /praise/blame /scold/
10、 punish sb for doing sth因做某事而感谢、羡慕、表扬、责备、惩罚某人(3) 接动名词做介词to 的宾语：apply oneself to致力于；be accustomed to习惯于；confess to供认；come to谈到；devote oneself to献身于；get down to着手做；give way to 对让步；lead to导致；look forward to期待；next to几乎；object to反对；pay attention to注意；stick to坚持；stand up to勇敢面对；turn to求助于；be used to习惯于考点
11、3：分词(1)从语态上看，现在分词一般表主动，过去分词一般表被动；(2)从时态上看，现在分词表示进行，过去分词表示过去。如果分词动作发生在句子谓语动词动作之前，分词用完成时。（3）现在分词的否定形式是not放在分词之前。*非谓语动词解题三步曲：一、首先确定主句；二、分析主动被动；三、分析动作先后1. _ should not become a serious disadvantage in life and work.2010 A. To be not tall B. Not being tall C. Being not tall D. Not to be tall2. The man pr
12、eparing the documents is the firms lawyer has all the following possible meanings EXCEPT . 2009A. the man who has prepared the documents. B. the man who has been preparing the documents.C. the man who is preparing the documents. D. the man who will prepare the documents.3. _ at in this way, the situ
13、ation does not seem so desperate.2000 A. Looking B. looked C. Being looked D. to look4. If not _ with the respect he feels due to him, Jack gets very ill-tempered and grumbles all the time.2004 A. being treated B. treatedC. be treated D. having been treated5. _, he can now only watch it on TV at hom
14、e. 1998 A. Obtaining not a ticket for the match B. Not obtaining a ticket for the match C. Not having obtained a ticket for the match D. Not obtained a ticket for the match 6. He wasnt asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, _insufficiently poplar with all members.1996 A. having considered
15、 B. was considered C. was being considered D. being considered 7. He noticed the helicopter hovering over the field. Then to his astonishment, he saw a rope ladder_ out and three men climbing down it. 1995 A. throwing B. being thrown C. having thrown D. having been thrown 8. This missile is designed
16、 so that once _nothing can be done to retrieve it.1995 A. fired B. being fired C. they fired D. having fired 考点4：独立主格（句中没有连接词，逗号分开两个句子，存在两个主语。形式：名词/代词分词）。(1) 分词短语作状语时，有自己独立的逻辑上的“主语”，相当于各种形式的状语，表示一种伴随的动作、情况或表原因(2) 介词（with）+名词+形容词/副词+分词，表示伴随行动做或补充说明1. Agriculture is the countrys chief source of wealth
17、, wheat _ by far the biggest cereal crop.2003 A. is B. been C. be D. being 2. Time _, the celebration will be held as scheduled.2003 A. permit B. permitting C. permitted D. permits 3. There _ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.2000 A. to be B. to have been C
18、. being D. be 4. _ no cause for alarm, the old man went back to his bedroom.1996 A. There was B. Since C. Being D. There being 5. The countrys chief exports are coal, cars and cotton goods, cars _the most important of these. 1994 A. have been B. are C. being D. are being6. The tape recorder_ out of
19、order, the students did not know what to do.1990 A. was B. Being C. has been D. was being 语法考点之四 ：定语从句关系代词：which（指sth 作主语或宾语），that（指sb或sth 作主语或宾语），who（指sb作主语或宾语），whom（指sb作宾语），whose（指sb或sth，作定语）,as（指sb,sth 作主语或宾语）;做宾语的时候， 关系代词可以省略。关系副词：when（指时间 on which），where（指地点 at which），why（指原因 for which）考点1. 先行词
20、为人时引导词who和that (1) 只能用who不用that：1)当先行词为one(s), anyone, those时；2)当先行词为人称代词时。(2) 只能用that不用who：1)当主句已经出现who时。2)关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。1. He is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is not the man _ he was twenty years ago. 2003 A. which B. that C. who D. whom 考点2. 先行词为物时引导词that和which (1) 只能用that不用which：1)
21、先行词为much, little, few, nothing, none, anything, no, all等不定代词。2）先行词既有人又有物。3）先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰。4）先行词被the very, the only, the last, just, all, any, every, no等修饰。5）关系代词在从句中作表语。6) 在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中。7) 主句是there be句型。1. I was very interested in _ she told me.2009 A. all that B. all which C. all what
22、 D. That2. There is no one in the world _.1991 A. that ever made mistakes B. that has ever made mistakes C. that never makes mistakes D. that sometimes makes mistakes(2) 只能用which不用that: 1) 定语从句中的介词前置时关系代词只能用which;We depend on the land from which we get our food. 2) 引导非限制性定语从句时只能用which,其先行词可是一个词, 也可是
23、整个主句或主句的某一部分。 1. They overcame all the difficulties and completed the project two months ahead of time, _is something we had not expected. 2003 A. which B. it C. that D. what 2. Weve just installed two air-conditioners in our apartment, _should make great differences in our life next summer.2002 A.
24、which B. what C. that D. They考点3：介词+关系代词 (which/ whom)(1) 关系代词前介词的确定方法：定语从句的动词与先行词的逻辑关系，或者从句的动词、形容词的习惯性搭配。1. The party, _I was the guest of honour, was extremely enjoyable.2006 A. by which B. for which C. to which D. at which2. Ive never been to Lhasa, but thats the city _.1999A. Id most like to vis
25、it B. which I like to visit mostly C. where I like to visit D. Id like much to visit3.I have never been to London, but that is the city _.1997A. where I like to visit most B. Id most like to visit.C. which I like to visit mostly D. where Id like most to visit(2) Whose从句1. Above the trees are the hil
26、ls, _ magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface.2003 A. where B. of whose C. whose D. which考点4：关系副词的运用 先行词为“时间的名词”用when1. She remembered several occasions in the past _she had experienced a similar feeling.1998A. which B. before C. that D. when 先行词为“表示地点的名词”用where1. Have you ever bee
27、n in a situation _ you know the other person is right yet you cannot agree with him?2002 A. by which B. that C. in where D. Where 先行词为“表示原因的名词”why：reasonwhy（表示原因的名词只有一个）考点5：as与which引导的定语从句as 放在句首句中都可以，which 必需放在句中，但下列情况多用as: 1) 关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the ear
28、th once every month. 2) 当与such as或the same连用时，一般用as。3) as 引导的定语从句应与主句在意义上和谐一致，which无此限制： He went abroad, as which was expected. 他出国了，正如大家预料到的。 He went abroad, which was unexpected. 他出国了，这让大家感到很意外。(不用as) 1. Only take these clothes _really necessary.1994 A. as were B. as they are C. as they were D. as
29、 are2. _ is often the case with a new idea, much preliminary activity and optimistic discussion produced no concrete proposals. 1994 A. That B. It C. This D. As 注意：定语从句中主谓一致问题：从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。He is one of the teachers who know English well. He is the only one of the teachers who knows Engl
30、ish well.(特殊) 语法考点之五：状语从句考点1：时间状语从句连接词：when, while, as, till/until, before, after, since, once, as soon as, every time, the moment, the minute, no sooner .than hardlywhen等(1) whenever1. Come and see me whenever _. (1997) A. you are convenient B. you will be convenient C. it is convenient to you D. i
31、t will be convenient to you(2) No sooner than/ hardly .when/ scarcely.when 一 .就.用于句首要求倒装1. The couple had no sooner got to the station _ the coach left.2009 A. when B. as C. until D. Than考点2：条件状语从句连接词：if , unless so/as long as, on condition that（条件是），as (so) far as (据.所知), provided that（要是，如果），in ca
32、se(假使，如果)，only if（只有）等 only if只有1._ both sides accept the agreement _ a lasting peace be established in this region.2004 A. Only if, will B. If only, wouldC. Should, will D. Unless, wouldunless 除非1. You wont get a loan _ you can offer some security.1996 A. lest B. in case C. unless D. other than 2.
33、_ I was very much mistaken, there was something wrong with Louise. 1995 A. Unless B. As C. Though D. Since 考点3：原因状语从句连接词：Because, since, as (放句首) , for, now that(既然，由于）, when(既然), considering that（顾及到-）, seeing that（由于），in that 因为, 既然1. Men differ from animals _ they can think and speak.2008 A. for
34、which B. for that C. in that D. in which2. Barry has an advantage over his mother _ he could speak French. (2001) A. since that B. in that C. at that D. so that考点4：让步状语从句连接词:though, although, as, even if/though, whatever, however, wherever, while等引导。(1) while 尽管1. _I sympathize, I cant really do ver
35、y much to help them out of the difficulties. 2001 A. as long as B. as C. while D. even (2) as/though引导让步状从倒装As/though引导让步状语从句时，必须将表语、状语或动词原形提到as前面。Try again as / though he will, he cant succeed.此时应注意：一、若提前的表语是没有形容词修饰的单数可数名词，要省略不定冠词；Child as / though he is, he knows much about the society.二、若提前的是动词原形
36、(多为不及物动词)，与之连用的通常是may, might, will, would等，这些词都要保留在原来的位置上(主语后)。Swim as / though he can, he cant swim so far.三、as引导的让步状语从句一定要倒装，though引导的让步状语从句不一定要倒装，although引导的让步状语从句不要倒装。四、让步状语从句中，有though，although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。1. Fool _ Jerry is, he could not have done such a thing.2010/2002 A. wh
37、o B. as C. like D. that2. _, Mr. Wells is scarcely in sympathy with the working class.2005A. Although he is a socialist B. Even if he is a socialist C. Being a socialist D. Since he is a socialistEven if 即使，让步 (3) much as 虽然，尽管1. _ he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had to stay
38、behind to finish his assignment.2008 A. Much though B. Much as C. As much D. Though much2. _I like economics I like sociology much better.2003 A. As much as B. So much C. How much D. Much as 3. _ he needed money for a new car, he decided not to borrow it from the bank. (1998) A. Much as B. Much thou
39、gh C. As much D. though much(4) for all+n 尽管 1. _, he is ready to accept suggestions from different sources. (1997) A. Instead of his contributions B. For all his notable contributions C. His making notable contributions D. However his notable contributions(5) however+adj./adv.1. _ he always tries h
40、is best to complete it on time. (1999) A. However the task is hard B. However hard the task is C. Though hard the task is D. Though hard is the task 考点5：地点状语从句: where/ wherever （wherever - 无论哪里）考点聚焦：地点状语从句和where定语从句的区别：Tips: 判断是定语从句还是地点状语从句，要看从句前是否有先行词，有先行词的是定语从句，否则是状语从句。考点6：方式状语从句1. She did her wor
41、k _her manager had instructed. 2002 A. as B. until C. when D. though 考点7：结果状语从句连接词：so that (=in order to), sothat, suchthat（太以至于）(1) so much so that 到这样程度以致1. -Does Alan like limburgers?2003 -Yes. So much _ that he eats them every day. A. for B. as C. to D. so(2) such that达到这样的程度以致1. The brilliance
42、of his satires was _make even his victims laugh. 1996 A. so as to B. such as to C. so that D. such that 考点8：目的状语从句 连接词：so that, in order that, for fear that（为了防止）, lest（以防）1. Loudspeakers were fixed in the hall so that everyone_ an opportunity to hear the speech.2006 A. ought to have B. must have C.
43、 may have D. should have语法考点之六：名词从句一、常见考点：考点1：主语从句(1) that引导主语从句句型： that引导的主语从句直接放在句首的较少，更常见的是用it作形式主语置于句首，而将that引导的主语从句放在句末，因此，下列都是常见的主语从句句型：1) It is +过去分词+ that从句：It is reported that It is believed that It is generally thought that It should be noted that It has been found that It must be pointed
44、out that同样可用的动词还有: say, expect, know, estimate, forecast2) It is +形容词+ that从句：It is clear that It is likely that It is possible that It is natural that It is certain that It is strange that It is fortunate that It is necessary that3) It is +名词短语+ that从句：It is a pity that It is a fact that It is good news that It is a good thing that It is no wonder that It is a shame that It is an honor that It is common knowledge that It is my belie