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1、大学英语四级考试听力备考笔记找工作的步骤：1、搜集信工作息，bulletin board 公告板 flier 传单2、打电话确认工作是否还available： make a phone callo3、准备工作简历resume v.重新开始;n.个人简历。4、面试interview：需携带证书certificates;需出示身份证明identification;判断你是否具有qualification;出示推荐信referrence lettero注意发音：keys - kiss sheep - ship steel/ steal - still break up 分手;下课=let us ou
2、t 下一课（meet上课）make up重归于好old flame旧情人date约会a big date玩通宵的约会a blind date被人介绍的第一次约会（相亲）stand sb. up约会爽约，放鸽子注:must表猜测。语气题：重复反问型：第二个人用不可思议的语气重复第一个人话中的词,认为第一个人的表达的程度不恰当，然后进一步申述自己的意思。在四级考试中重复的多是形容词，认为程度不够。例句1： A: Its a bit warm out today.B: Warm? You can fry an egg on the sidewalk.例句2： A: Mary seems happy
3、with her grades.B: Happy? She could hardly contain herse工作场景：1、找到工作高兴。2、失去工作伤心。3、拒绝工作令人奇怪。听力中的虚拟语气：与过去相反：might have/ could have/ should have把后面内容反过来为正确选项。2、与现在相反：if I were you I would 应理解成 you should语气词总结：1、糟糕系列：Its too bad What a pity Tuff luck. Its (really) tuff. Oh no. Uh uhShit Fuck2、吃惊系列：（Oh） B
4、oy!（Oh） Man! Oh my! Oh dear! Oh my God/Goodness. Wow!3、赞美系歹U： wonderful terrific my favorite cool super cool ultra cool4赞同和否定系列：Yeah. You bet. Uh huh.Nope.5脏话系歹U： dummy idiot moron jerk asshole s.o.b.= son of bitch注：1. Do you mind if I.生活中常常省略为Mind if I.回答相反。2. Not at all.理解成 no节日：Christmas 圣诞节;Vale
5、ntines Day 情人节健忘表达方式：1. forgetful: He is forgetful. Isnt he forgetfull?（有责备的语气）How forgetful he is!（语气更强）2. absent minded表示人内向：shy embarrassed keep to oneself keep ones mind/ thought to oneselfconscious （stream of consciousness 意识流）self-conscious自我意识注：bedroom 卧室living room 起居室，客厅rest room 厕所住房场景：1、房
6、子难找。2、房子太贵。3、房子太吵。段子题：词汇（很少考生词含义）题材（抛弃题材，注重结构）抓共性，总结规律（一）解题步骤 Procedure to follow：1、看选项：找相同的词;找数字在听题之前先看选项。四个选项纵向看，找相同的词，反复出现的词一定是段子所叙述的对象，确定文章的论述范围、论述主题。另外如果选项中有数字,迅速记下来，段子题中听到什么数字选什么，原则上不考数字计算。如P64Testl4的第一个段子。文章的结构类型：1、介绍型introduction：介绍新的概念。说明起源、发展过程、现状、展望未来，对我们的影响和用途（正负两方面）。【听力中常考】2、讨论型discussi
7、on：根据问题进行讨论，分析原因一、原因二，最后说明如何解决。2、听两头：选熟悉的选项。文章的两头是一篇文章的重点，文章的开头是观点(Idea),即文章的Topic。而中间是细节，是用来支持观点的论据(examples)。听段子，听结构。文章的开头与结尾要出考题。一般正确选项基本会是原文的重现(copy)。所以，能作到边听边记。结尾提示词：有重复词出现。表结果连词出现：therefore, so, that, as a result 等。做题原则：听到什么选什么。1、适合边听边看选项：选项短，问的是细节题，问题的顺序与行文顺序一致。2、集中精力听完文章：选项长，主线题，问的是中心思想。大学英语
8、四级考试阅读讲义（五十三）Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:University Physics is intended for students of science and engineering. Primary emphasis is on physical principles and problem-solving; historical background and specialized practical applications have been given a place of secondary
9、 importance. Many worked-out examples and an extensive collection of problems are included with each chapter.In this new edition, the basic philosophy and outline and the balance between depth of treatment and breadth of subject-matter coverage are unchanged from previous editions. We have tried to
10、preserve those features that users of previous editions have found desirable, while incorporating a number of changes that should enhance the books usefulness.考试大The textbook is adaptable to a wide variety of course outlines. The entire textbook can be used for an intensive course two or three semes
11、ters in length. For a less intensive course, many instructors will want to omit certain chapters or sections to tailor the book to their individual needs. The arrangement of this edition facilitates this kind of flexibility.In any case, it should be emphasized that instructors should not feel constr
12、ained（受约束的）to work straight through the book from cover to cover. Many chapters are, of course, inherently sequential in nature, but within this general limitation instructors should be encouraged to select among the contents those chapters that fit their needs, omitting material that is not relevan
13、t for the objectives of a particular course.36. This textbook lays stress on .A) the exploration of physical principlesB) the principles of physics and their applicationC) the development of physicsD)the application of physics in different fields37. Compared with the old one, this new edition .A) ha
14、s been made more applicableB) is easier to learnC) covers a wider range of subject matterD) has improved the balance between theory and practice38. One of the features of this textbook is that.A) some contents are dealt with in terms of philosophyB) it has an outline for each chapterC) it introduces
15、 the physical principles in great depthD) it can be used for different course arrangements39. The words Conversely, however”(para.4, line 1) indicate that.A) many topics can be emphasized though they were not covered in the old editionB) many topics can be emphasized though they were usually omitted
16、 by instructorsC) many topics have been added to the new edition as they were not covered in the old oneD) many topics have been added to the new edition though they can be omitted by the instructors40. To meet the needs of a particular course, the teacher of this book can omit some of the contents
17、provided that.A) his selection is based on the request of his studentsC) his students are particularly intelligentD) he keeps an eye on the internal relations between the chapters大学英语四级考试阅读学习笔记(10)21. Which of the following best characterizes the main feature of the nursing system at Beth Israel Hos
18、pital?A) The doctor gets more active professional support from the primary nurse.B) Each patient is taken care of by a primary nurse day and night.C) The primary nurse writes care plans for every patient.D) The primary nurse keeps records of the patients health conditions every day.注：第三段末句，B选项day an
19、d night, C选项every patient, D选项every day22. It can be inferred from the passage that.B) in most hospitals patient care is inadequate from the professional point of viewC) in most hospitals nurses get low salaries注：1.推理题，正确答案为原文内容的同义改写。2.A项中的patient为耐心的，混淆病人意思3.inadequate不完善的，B项为文章第二句的同义改写句Nursing at
20、Beth Israel Hospital produces the best patient care possible. If we are to solve the nursing shortage (不足)，hospital administration and doctors everywhere would do well to follow Beth Israels example.同类型题：It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for informat
21、ion on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings (测深)were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea.23. T
22、he aim of voyages Maury encouraged in the 1840s was.A) to make some sound experiments in the oceansB) to collect samples of sea plants and animalsC) to estimate the length of cable that was to be madeD) to measure the depths of two oceans23. A primary nurse can propose a different approach of treatm
23、ent whenA) the present one is refused by the patientC) the present one proves to be ineffectiveD) the patient is found unwilling to cooperate注：第三段第二句24. The main difference between a nurse-manager and a head nurse is that the former.A) is a member of the Medical Executive Committee of the hospitalB)
24、 has to arrange the work shifts of the units nursesC) can make decisions concerning the medical treatment of a patientD) has full responsibility in the administration of the units nurses注：1.倒数第二段，former前者指代nurse-manager,反义latter后者2.A选项为窜段选项,B与黑体部分矛盾。D选项对应划线部分。大学英语四级考试阅读讲义（五十九）四、简答题全真题Short Answer Qu
25、estions(15 minutes)赧I once knew a dog named Newton who had a unique sense of humour. Whenever I tossed out a Frisbee(飞碟)for him to chase, hed take off in hot pursuit but then seem to lose track of it. Moving back and forth only a yard or two from the toy, Newton would look all around, even up into t
26、he trees. He seemed genuinely puzzled. Finally, Id give up and head into the field to help him out. But no sooner would I get within 10 ft. of him than he would run invariably straight over to the Frisbee, grab it and start running like mad, looking over his shoulder with what looked suspiciously li
27、ke a grin.Just about every pet owner has a story like this and is eager to share it with anyone who will listen. On very short notice, TIME reporters came up with 25 stories about what each is convinced is the smartest pet in the world. Among them: the cat who closes the door behind him when he goes
28、 into the bathroom; the cat who uses a toilet instead of a litter box . and flushes it afterward; the dog who goes wild when he sees his owner putting on blue jeans instead of a dress because jeans mean it is time to play; and the cat who used to wait patiently at the bus stop every day for a little
29、 girl, then walk her the six blocks home, and so 0n.考试大These behaviours are certainly clever, but what do they mean? Was Newton really deceiving? Can a cat really desire privacy in the toilet? In short, do household pets really have a mental and emotional life? Their owners think so, but until recen
30、tly, animal behaviour experts would have gone mad on hearing such a question. The worst sin in their moral vocabulary was anthropomorphism（拟人化），projecting human traits onto animals. A dog or a cat might behave as if it were angry, lonely, sad, happy or confused, but that was only in the eye of the v
31、iewer.What was going on, they insisted, was that the dog or cat had been conditioned, through a perhaps unintentional series of punishments and rewards, to behave in a certain way. The behaviour was a mechanical result of the training.Questions:1. What did Newton seem puzzled about?歙际源。2. Why does t
32、he author say Newton had unique sense of humour?4. What belief about pet behaviour was unacceptable to experts of animal behaviour?5. What is the explanation of animal-behaviour experts for the “clever” behaviour of pets?大学英语四级考试翻译练习四练习四Directions: Read the underlined sentences carefully, and then t
33、ranslate them into Chinese. You may check your answers after you finish them.Passage OneAnybody over 70 who was brought up in a country v川age or town finds the social customs of young people today strangely familiar. In the 1800/s, it was normal to have boys and girls pair off in a more or less stab
34、le fashion, and such pairing often ended in marriage.But the majority of girls were not popular. They dreaded being neglected in parties. It may be that the less popular girls were the ones who slowly created the present democratic system, under which any girl with a steady is just as well off as an
35、y other girl with a steady （情彳吕）.Since each boy wants a steady, too, and since the number of boys and girls are about equal, everybody seems better off at present. On the other hand, girls would insist that the new system was created by the boys who are aggressive, possessive, and jealous of all riv
36、als.Passage TwoIt remains to be seen whether the reserves of raw materials would be sufficient to supply a world economy which would have grown by 500%. South-East Asia alone would have an energy consumption five times greater than that of Western Europe in 1970. Incidentally, if the underdeveloped
37、countries started using up petrol at the same rate as the industrialized areas, then world reserves would already be exhausted by 1985.All this only goes to show just how important it is to set up a plan to conserve and divide up fairly natural resources on a world-wide scale.This is a matter of lif
38、e and death because world population is exploding at an incredible rate. By the middle of the next century population will expand every year by as much as it did in the first 1500 years after Christ. In the southern, poor, parts of the globe, the figures are enough to make your hair stand on end. Ev
39、en supposing that steps are taken to stability （稳定） world population in te next 50 years, the number of inhabitants per square kilometer will increase by from 4 in the United States to 140 in South-East Asia. What can we do about it?In the first hypothesis （假设）we do nothing. By the year 2000, the so
40、uthern parts of the world then have a population greater than the total world population today. Calcutta would have 60 million inhabitants. It is unthinkable.Alternatively （或）,we could start acting right now to bring births under control within 15 years so that population levels off. Even then the p
41、opulation in the southern areas would not stop growing for 75 years.Passage ThreeOne of the most interesting paradoxes （逆说）in America today is that Harvard University, the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States, is now engaged in serious debate about what a university should be,
42、and whether it is measuring up.Like the Roman Catholic （天主教的）Church and other ancient institutions, it is asking-still in private rather than in public-whether its past assumptions about faculty, authority, admissions, courses of study, are really relevant to the problems of the 1980?s.Should Harvar
43、d-or any other university-be an intellectual sanctuary （圣坛）, apart from the political and social revolution of the age, or should it be a laboratory for experimentation with these political and social revolutions, or even an engine of the revolution? This is what is being discussed privately in the
44、big houses of faculty members around the Harvard Yard.The issue was defined by Walter lippmann a distinguished Harvard graduate, several years ago.“If the universities are to do their work, he said,“they must be independent and they must be disinterested- They are places to which men can turn for ju
45、dgements which are unbiased by partisanship and special interest. Obviously, the moment the universities fall under political control, or under the control of private interest, or the moment they themselves take a hand in politics and the leadership of government, their value as independent and disi
46、nterested sources of judgement is weakened -This is part of the argument that is going on at Harvard today. Another part is the argument among the students that a university is the keeper of our ideals and morals, and should not be “disinterested“ but activist in bringing the nations ideals and acti
47、ons together.大学英语四级考试阅读讲义(五十六)Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Whatever the cause, the effect can be devastating. As an American woman, you have an almost nine-out-of-ten chance of ending up alone. Either your marriage is one of the four in ten that will be broken up by divorce,
48、 or you will outlive your male partner by four to six yearseven longer if you are younger than he (and you probably are). And dont deceive yourself. Widows arent all blue-haired ladies playing mahjong (麻将)in Miami. Theyre also your fiftyish big sisters from college. Whether by death or divorce, you will likely someday be solely responsible for your financial security and well-being. If you arent preparing for that, you are at high risk of outliving your assets. Three out of four older poor Americans are female.31. This passage is mainly about.A) t