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1、大学英语四级考试听力备考笔记找工作的步骤：1、搜集信工作息，bulletin board 公告板 flier 传单2、打电话确认工作是否还available：make a phone callo3、准备工作简历resume v.重新开始;n.个人简历。4、面试interview：需携带证书certificates;需出示身份证明identification;判断你是否具有qualification;出示推荐信refer re nee letter。注意发音：keys-kiss sheep-ship steel/steal-still break up 分手;下课=let us out 卜 课（
2、meet上课）make u p 重归于好old flam e旧情人date约 会 a big date玩通宵的约会a blind date被人介绍的第一次约会（相亲）stand sb.u p 约会爽约，放鸽子 注:must表猜测。语气题：重复反问型：第二个人用不可思议的语气重复第一个人话中的词,认为第一个人的表达的程度不恰当，然后进一步申述自己的意思。在四级考试中重复的多是形容词，认为程度不够。彳 列 句 1：A:Its a bit warm out today.B:Warm?You can fry an egg on the sidewalk.例句2：A;Mary seems happy w
3、ith her grades.B:Happy?She could hardly contain herse工作场景：1、找到工作高兴。2、失去工作伤心。3、拒绝工作令人奇怪。听力中的虚拟语气：1、与过去相反：might have/could have/should have把后面内容反过来为正确选项。2、与现在相反：if I were you I would 应理解成 you should语气词总结：1、糟糕系列：Its too bad What a pity Tuff luck.Its(really)tuff.Oh no.Uh uhShit Fuck2、吃惊系列：（Oh）Boy!（Oh）Ma
4、n!Oh my!Oh dear!Oh my God/Goodness.Wow!3、赞美系歹U：wonderful terrific my favorite cool super cool ultra cool4、赞同和否定系列:Yeah.You bet.Uh huh.Nope.5、脏t舌 系 歹 U：dummy idiot moron jerk asshole s.o.b.=son of bitch注：1.Do you mind if I.生活中常常省略为Mind if I 回答相反。2.Not at a ll.理解成 no节日：Christmas 圣诞节;Valentines Day 情人节
5、健忘表达方式：1.forgetful:He is forgetful.Isnt he forgetfull?（有责备的语气）How forgetful heis!（语气更强）2.absent minded表示人内向：shy embarrassed keep to oneself keep ones mind/thought tooneselfconscious（stream of consciousness 意识流）self-conscious 自我意识注：bedroom 卧 室living room 起居室，客 厅rest room 厕所住房场景：1、房子难找。2、房子太贵。3、房子太吵。段
6、子题：词汇（很少考生词含义）题材（抛弃题材，注重结构）抓共性，总结规律（一）解题步骤 Procedure to follow：1、看选项：找相同的词;找数字在听题之前先看选项。四个选项纵向看，找相同的词，反复出现的词一定是段子所叙述的对象，确定文章的论述范围、论述主题。另外如果选项中有数字,迅速记下来，段子题中听到什么数字选什么，原则上不考数字计算。如P64Testl4的第一个段子。文章的结构类型：1、介 绍 型introduction：介绍新的概念。说明起源、发展过程、现状、展望未来，对我们的影响和用途（正负两方面）。【听力中常考】2、讨 论 型discussion：根据问题进行讨论，分析原
7、因一、原因二，最后说明如何解决。2、听两头：选熟悉的选项。文章的两头是一篇文章的重点，文章的开头是观点(Idea),即文章的Topic。而中间是细节，是用来支持观点的论据(examples)。听段子，听结构。文章的开头与结尾要出考题。一般正确选项基本会是原文的重现(copy)。所以，能作到边听边记。结尾提示词：有重复词出现。(2)表结果连词出现：therefore,so,that,as aresult 等。做题原则：听到什么选什么。1、适合边听边看选项：选项短，问的是细节题，问题的顺序与行文顺序一致。2、集中精力听完文章：选项长，主线题，问的是中心思想。大学英语四级考试阅读讲义（五十三）Que
8、stions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:University Physics is intended for students of science and engineering.Primaryemphasis is on physical principles and problem-solving;historical background andspecialized practical applications have been given a place of secondary importance.Many wor
9、ked-out examples and an extensive collection of problems are includedwith each chapter.In this new edition,the basic philosophy and outline and the balance betweendepth of treatment and breadth of subject-matter coverage are unchanged fromprevious editions.We have tried to preserve those features th
10、at users of previouseditions have found desirable,while incorporating a number of changes that shouldenhance the books usefulness.考试大The textbook is adaptable to a wide variety of course outlines.The entiretextbook can be used for an intensive course two or three semesters in length.For aless intens
11、ive course,many instructors will want to omit certain chapters or sectionsto tailor the book to their individual needs.The arrangement of this edition facilitatesthis kind of flexibility.In any case,it should be emphasized that instructors should not feel constrained（受约束的）to work straight through th
12、e book from cover to cover.Many chaptersare,of course,inherently sequential in nature,but within this general limitationinstructors should be encouraged to select among the contents those chapters thatfit their needs,omitting material that is not relevant for the objectives of a particularcourse.36.
13、This textbook lays stress on.A)the exploration of physical principlesB)the principles of physics and their applicationC)the development of physicsD)the application of physics in different fields37.Compared with the old one,this new edition.A)has been made more applicableB)is easier to learnC)covers
14、a wider range of subject matterD)has improved the balance between theory and practice38.One of the features of this textbook is that.A)some contents are dealt with in terms of philosophyB)it has an outline for each chapterC)it introduces the physical principles in great depthD)it can be used for dif
15、ferent course arrangements39.The words“Conversely,however7(para.4,line 1)indicate that.A)many topics can be emphasized though they were not covered in the oldeditionB)many topics can be emphasized though they were usually omitted byinstructorsC)many topics have been added to the new edition as they
16、were not covered inthe old oneD)many topics have been added to the new edition though they can be omittedby the instructors40.To meet the needs of a particular course,the teacher of this book can omitsome of the contents provided that.A)his selection is based on the request of his studentsC)his stud
17、ents are particularly intelligentD)he keeps an eye on the internal relations between the chapters大学英语四级考试阅读学习笔记(10)21.Which of the following best characterizes the main feature of the nursingsystem at Beth Israel Hospital?A)The doctor gets more active professional support from the primary nurse.B)Ea
18、ch patient is taken care of by a primary nurse day and night.C)The primary nurse writes care plans for every patient.D)The primary nurse keeps records of the patients health conditions every day.注：第三段末句，B 选 项 day and night,C 选 项 every patient,D选 项 everyday22.It can be inferred from the passage that.
19、B)in most hospitals patient care is inadequate from the professional point ofviewC)in most hospitals nurses get low salaries注：1.推理题，正确答案为原文内容的同义改写。2.A项中的patient为耐心的，混淆 病人 意思3.inadequate不完善的，B项为文章第二句的同义改写句Nursing at Beth Israel Hospital produces the best patient care possible.If we areto solve the nu
20、rsing shortage(不足)，hospital administration and doctors everywherewould do well to follow Beth Israels example.同类型题：It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned,in1853,for information on this matter.In the 1840s,Maury had been responsible forencouraging voyages during whi
21、ch soundings(测深)were taken to investigate thedepths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.Later,some of his findings arousedmuch popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea.23.The aim of voyages Maury encouraged in the 1840s was.A)to make some sound experiments in the oceansB)t
22、o collect samples of sea plants and animalsC)to estimate the length of cable that was to be madeD)to measure the depths of two oceans23.A primary nurse can propose a different approach of treatment whenA)the present one is refused by the patientC)the present one proves to be ineffectiveD)the patient
23、 is found unwilling to cooperate注：第三段第二句24.The main difference between a nurse-manager and a head nurse is that thef o r me r.A)is a member of the Medical Executive Committee of the hospitalB)has to arrange the work shifts of the units nursesC)can make decisions concerning the medical treatment of a
24、 patientD)has full responsibility in the administration of the units nurses注：1.倒数第二段，former前者指代nurse-manager,反 义 latter后者2.A选项为窜段选项,B 与黑体部分矛盾。D 选项对应划线部分。大学英语四级考试阅读讲义（五十九）四、简答题全真题Short Answer Questions(15 minutes)南 藤I once knew a dog named Newton who had a unique sense of humour.Whenever I tossed out
25、 a Frisbee(飞碟)for him to chase,hed take off in hot pursuitbut then seem to lose track of it.Moving back and forth only a yard or two from thetoy,Newton would look all around,even up into the trees.He seemed genuinelypuzzled.Finally,Id give up and head into the field to help him out.But no soonerwoul
26、d I get within 10 ft.of him than he would run invariably straight over to theFrisbee,grab it and start running like mad,looking over his shoulder with whatlooked suspiciously like a grin.Just about every pet owner has a story like this and is eager to share it withanyone who will listen.On very shor
27、t notice,TIME reporters came up with 25 storiesabout what each is convinced is the smartest pet in the world.Among them:the catwho closes the door behind him when he goes into the bathroom;the cat who uses atoilet instead of a litter box.and flushes it afterward;the dog who goes wild whenhe sees his
28、 owner putting on blue jeans instead of a dress because jeans mean it istime to play;and the cat who used to wait patiently at the bus stop every day for alittle girl,then walk her the six blocks home,and so 0n.考试大These behaviours are certainly clever,but what do they mean?Was Newtonreally deceiving
29、?Can a cat really desire privacy in the toilet?In short,do householdpets really have a mental and emotional life?Their owners think so,but until recently,animal behaviour experts would have gone mad on hearing such a question.Theworst sin in their moral vocabulary was anthropomorphism（拟人化），projectin
30、ghuman traits onto animals.A dog or a cat might behave as if it were angry,lonely,sad,happy or confused,but that was only in the eye of the viewer.What was going on,they insisted,was that the dog or cat had been conditioned,through a perhapsunintentional series of punishments and rewards,to behave i
31、n a certain way.Thebehaviour was a mechanical result of the training.Questions:1.What did Newton seem puzzled about?分 际 源2.Why does the author say Newton had unique sense of humour?4.What belief about pet behaviour was unacceptable to experts of animalbehaviour?5.What is the explanation of animal-be
32、haviour experts for the“clever”behaviour of pets?大学英语四级考试翻译练习四练 习 四Directions:Read the underlined sentences carefully,and then translate theminto Chinese.You may check your answers after you finish them.Passage OneAnybody over 70 who was brought up in a country village or town finds thesocial custom
33、s of young people today strangely familiar.In the 1800/s,it was normalto have boys and girls pair off in a more or less stable fashion,and such pairing oftenended in marriage.But the majority of girls were not popular.They dreaded being neglected inparties.It may be that the less popular girls were
34、the ones who slowly created thepresent democratic system,under which any girl with a steady is just as well off asany other girl with a steady(T青侣Since each boy wants a steady,too,and since thenumber of boys and girls are about equal,everybody seems better off at present.Onthe other hand,girls would
35、 insist that the new system was created by the boys whoare aggressive,possessive,and jealous of all rivals.Passage TwoIt remains to be seen whether the reserves of raw materials would be sufficientto supply a world economy which would have grown by 500%.South-East Asia alonewould have an energy cons
36、umption five times greater than that of Western Europe in1970.Incidentally,if the underdeveloped countries started using up petrol at thesame rate as the industrialized areas,then world reserves would already beexhausted by 1985.All this only goes to show just how important it is to set up a plan to
37、 conserveand divide up fairly natural resources on a world-wide scale.This is a matter of life and death because world population is exploding at anincredible rate.By the middle of the next century population will expand every yearby as much as it did in the first 1500 years after Christ.In the sout
38、hern,poor,parts ofthe globe,the figures are enough to make your hair stand on end.Even supposingthat steps are taken to stability（稳定）world population in te next 50 years,thenumber of inhabitants per square kilometer will increase by from 4 in the UnitedStates to 140 in South-East Asia.What can we do
39、 about it?In the first hypothesis（假设）we do nothing.By the year 2000,the southernparts of the world then have a population greater than the total world populationtoday.Calcutta would have 60 million inhabitants.It is unthinkable.Alternatively（或）,we could start acting right now to bring births under c
40、ontrolwithin 15 years so that population levels off.Even then the population in thesouthern areas would not stop growing for 75 years.Passage ThreeOne of the most interesting paradoxes（逆说）in America today is that HarvardUniversity,the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States,is now
41、engaged in serious debate about what a university should be,and whether it ismeasuring up.Like the Roman Catholic（天主教的）Church and other ancient institutions,it isasking-still in private rather than in public-whether its past assumptions about faculty,authority,admissions,courses of study,are really
42、relevant to the problems of the1980zs.Should Harvard-or any other university-be an intellectual sanctuary（圣坛），apart from the political and social revolution of the age,or should it be a laboratoryfor experimentation with these political and social revolutions,or even an engine ofthe revolution?This
43、is what is being discussed privately in the big houses of facultymembers around the Harvard Yard.The issue was defined by Walter lippmann a distinguished Harvard graduate,several years ago.“If the universities are to do their work,he said,z/they must be independentand they must be disinterested-They
44、 are places to which men can turn forjudgements which are unbiased by partisanship and special interest.Obviously,themoment the universities fall under political control,or under the control of privateinterest,or the moment they themselves take a hand in politics and the leadership ofgovernment,thei
45、r value as independent and disinterested sources of judgement isweakened-This is part of the argument that is going on at Harvard today.Another part isthe argument among the students that a university is the keeper of our ideals andmorals,and should not be“disinterested but activist in bringing the
46、nation/s idealsand actions together.大学英语四级考试阅读讲义(五十六)Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Whatever the cause,the effect can be devastating.As an American woman,youhave an almost nine-out-of-ten chance of ending up alone.Either your marriage isone of the four in ten that will be brok
47、en up by divorce,or you will outlive your malepartner by four to six yearseven longer if you are younger than he(and youprobably are).And dont deceive yourself.Widows arent all blue-haired ladiesplaying mahjong(麻将)in Miami.Theyre also your fiftyish big sisters from college.Whether by death or divorc
48、e,you will likely someday be solely responsible for yourfinancial security and well-being.If you arent preparing for that,you are at high riskof outliving your assets.Three out of four older poor Americans are female.31.This passage is mainly about.A)the cause and effect of womens not saving moneyB)
49、womens low position in the societyC)why women earn less than menD)the reason why women do not save money32.What is NOT true according to the passage?A)40%American families end in divorce.B)Among the older poor Americans,75%are female.C)Every woman has to be responsible for her own living at old age.
50、D)A woman generally survives her husband by 46 years.33.According to Adele Morrissette,women.A)should not work too hardB)pay more attention to making than saving moneyC)should think out better ways to make moneyD)are so busy that they are not able to make money34.The main idea of paragraph 2 is.A)if