BEC中高级写作精华.docx

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1、第一讲BEC写作概述BEC写作简介:写作考试共进行45分钟,占总成绩的25%,小作文占10分,大作 文占20分。1、写作目的与要求Can make notes that are useful to both him/herself and to col leagues.Can write most letters he/she is 1ikely to be asked to do; such errors as occur wi 11 not prevent understanding of the message.Can write a simple report.2、测试题型分析题型:商

2、务便条类;商务便函类;商务书信类;商务报告类3、BEC写作评分标准注意:content; accuracy; conciseness 第二讲 BEC 写作的语言、语法、 组织和文体第二部分18或20分14或16分10或12分第二讲BEC写作的语言、语法、组织和文体第一节BEC作文评分标准级第别部分5 全部完成答题要求所有内容点都已包括在内并在答题要求允许的情况下加以发挥式 语言规范、自然;错误最少,均属小错。;:乂 多样化的语言结构和丰富的词汇量。豐 组织效果好,注意前后呼应。力 语域和格式完全适当。给读者的印象极佳。4 较好的完成答题要求 所有内容点都处理得不错。 大体准确;运用复杂语言时有

3、错误。时 结构合理,用词准确。; 大体上组织较好,注意逻辑关系。力 语域和格式总体来说适当。给读者的印象良好。3 尚能达到答题要求 所有的主要内容点已包括进去,遗漏了一些次要的内容。 出现些错误,但不妨碍交流。5或 结构和词汇掌握范围适度。6分 组织和安排总的来说令人满意。 语域和格式尚可,虽然并不完全成功。给读者的印象较好。2 不能完全达到答题要求 遗漏了一些主要的内容点或者处理得不充分,可能有些不切题。 有时错误影响清楚交流,错误较多,使读者感到迷3或惑。4分 结构、词汇掌握范围有限。 内容条理不清、不连贯,造成理解困难。 语域和格式不适当。给读者的印象不佳。1 未能达到答题要求 显著的内

4、容遗漏或大量内容不相关,可能由于误解题目要求。 严重不规范,经常出现基本错误。1或2或 题目要求的结构和词汇几乎没有提到。2分4分 缺乏组织,造成交流失败。 几乎没有使用适当的语域和格式。给读者的印象极差。0 什么要求也没达到。字数少于所需字数的25%,或是完 全不能辨认或是完全不切题。万万评分五个方面:structure &contentlanguagevocabularyorganization第二节商务英语写作的一般特点与基本要求I,内容的完整性11 .语言:6c原则12 准确(correctness)(1)恰当的语言风格(2)准确的措词和信息(3)正确的语法和标点符号(4)正确的拼写1

5、3 清楚(Clarity)(1) 逻辑布局(logical organization)常用的逻辑布局方法包括:因果关系时间顺序序列顺序一般到特殊特殊到般(2)合理构架句群与段落(wel 1 -written sentences & paragraphs)合理安排句子和段落的结构与长度,把各种长短句、简单句复杂 句组合成长度适中的段落。(3)统一性与一致性(unity & coherence)每个段落都要围绕个论点从不同方面进行论证。而每个段 落中都要有一个主题句,其它句子都围绕它进行论证。句与句,段与段都 要前后呼应,首位连贯。(4)强调(Emphasis)位置:重要内容放句首。重复:简单地重

6、复表达某一部分。数量:利用较多篇幅讨论某一观点。技巧:大写、加下划线等技巧避免在同一个句子中使用意义不同的同一个字。3 .简洁(Conciseness)(1)使用简洁的语言(2)少用陈词滥调(3)免冗长的表达方式和不必要的重复(4)删改无关紧要的成份(5)多使用主动语态的句子结构以明确表达意思。4 .具体(Concreteness)尽可能将 a great deal of time, bad, large, good, sma 11, around, old, convenient, young, little, majority, minority, most, less量化(1)尽可能地提

7、供明确、具体的信息。(2)使用具体词汇5 .完整(Completeness)6 .礼貌(Courtesy)(1)使用礼貌友好的词汇(2)采用体谅对方的写作态度(3)措辞得体,避免采用消极性的词汇或句式(4)避免使用有性别歧视之嫌的词语(5)及时答复III.结构:注意连贯和衔接1 .连贯(coherence)常见连接词有:表示罗列增加First/ First of all/ Above al 1/ To begin with,Besides / What s more / In addition / Furthermore / Moreover/ Additionally,Finally/ La

8、st but not least,For one thing . for another.,On (the) one hand.on the other hand,Especially / In part icular,表示时间顺序now, at present, recently,after, afterwards, after that, after a while, in a few days,at first, in the beginning, to begin with,later, next, fina 1 ly,immediately, soon, suddenly, a 11

9、 of a sudden, at that moment, as soon as, the momentform now on, from then on,at the same time, meanwhile,till, not.unti 1, before, after, when, while, as during, 表示解释说明now, in addition, for example, for instance, in this case, moreover, furthermore, in fact, actually表示转折关系but, however, while, thoug

10、h, or, otherwise, on the contrary, on the other hand, in contrast, despite, in spite of, even though, except (for), instead, of course, after all,表示并列关系or, and, also, too, not only . but also, as wel 1 as, both. and, either .or, neither .nor表示因果关系because, because of, since, now that, as, thanks to.,

11、 due to ., therefore, as a result (of), otherwise, so . that, such . that表示条件关系as (so) long as, on condition that, if, unless表示让步关系though, although, as, even if, even though, whether . or., however, whoever, whatever, whichever, wherever, whenever, no matter how (who, what, which, where, when, whom)

12、表示举例for example, for instance, such as., take. for example 表示比较be similar to, similarly, the same as, in contrast, compared wi th (to) . just 1 ike, just as,表示目的for this reason, for this purpose, so that, in order to, soas to,表示强调in deed, in fact, surely, certainly, no doubt, without any doubt, trul

13、y, obviously, above al 1, 表示概括归纳in a word, in short, in brief, on the whole, genera 1 ly speaking, in my opinion, as far as I know, As we a 11 know, as has been stated, as I have shown, final ly, at last, in summary, in conclusion,2 .衔接(cohesion)返指(referring back)例如:A. Davis opened a door. Here is y

14、our room. I am afraid it is a bit untidy. He picked a dirty handkerchief off the floor and stuffed it in a drawer.B. The keeper came loping softly up the lane with the dog padding at his heels and we watched them through the hedge as they went by.第三节商务英语写作的文体风格关于文体,还应该注意:注意自己在题目中的身份从来不要用And引导个句子。不需要

15、括号不要缩写不要引用、要 one-word sentence.不要使用口语谚语、不要使用比喻不要使用修辞性的句子。第三讲商务便函I .商务便函的内容与特点商务便函（memorandum,简写Memo）是同一商业组织内部广泛使用的书 面联系方式。它可以在同事之间、上下级之间、部门与部门之间使用。商 务便函的内容通常包括:传达指示、发布通知、任命职务、了解情况、要 求合作、汇报工作、提出建议、发表看法、探讨问题或节日安排等。 注:凡是与公司外部进行正式的商务联系,必须用正规的商务书信。II .商务便函的结构与格式一般公司企业往往都印有按照自己公司风格的商业便函。虽然排列格 式不一,但基本组成部分是

16、样的。请看下面的例子:Interoffice MemoTo:（收信人）From:（发信人）Date:（日期）Subject:（事由）Message:（正又）商务便函一般由以下几个部分组成: MemoMemo是Memorandum缩写,因此也可以用Memorandum,此外还有 Interna 1 Memorandum 和 Interoffice Memorandum,其意思都是样的。 To这标题后面应写收信人的姓名与职衔,姓名前可以用尊称或不 用。如:To： Mr. John Smith, Sales Manager From这标题后应写发信人的姓名与职衔：职衔可根据需要决定写或不 写,但姓名

17、前不要用尊称。如:From: John Smith, General Manager Date日期的写法同书信里日期写法的要求完全一样,不要用数字来表示 月份。 Subject这标题后是写事由的,即用个或几个词汇简单概括便函的内 容,以便查阅。事由必须简洁明了,不要用完整的句子,如:Changes in Travel Advance Form Promotion of Staff Vacation ScheduleParticipation in Training Programmes Message正文常常不需要注明这标题。正文与一般书信有所不同,可长可短,往往使用简短地句子和段 落。有时只

18、有一句话,有时有好几个段落。为了使阅读者一目了然,各段 前还可以写上序号。便函的内容虽然丰富,但它不像商务书信那样讲究措辞,那样注意 开头与结尾的表达,只要意思表示清楚即可。除了上述6个部分,商务便函还可以根据实际需要在末尾增加发信人的 姓名首字母、附件、副本抄送等。SCHOOL 0F ENGLISH FOR BUSINESSMEMORANDUMTo:Mr. Kingswick, Course CoordinatorFrom:Barnsby CampbelDate:19 November, 1995Subject: Lesson Plan for 28 November LectureTo:M

19、r. Kingswick, Course CoordinatorFrom:Barnsby CampbelDate:19 November, 1995Subject: Lesson Plan for 28 November LectureI intend to teachmemo writing in my next lecture.I plan tocover the following 1. Inside Address This is omitted inplans:a memo. As internal communicationthe reasonis obvious.2. Greet

20、ingIt is mere polite to put Mr. , Mrs. or Ms before andthe officeafter the name of the recipient You may sometimes address the readers as a group.3. SubjectThis is a phrase to tel 1 the reader what the memo is about.Somet imes only the phrase is given wi thout the word Subjectbefore it.4. BodyThese

21、should be short, less than 10 1 ines, and concentrate ononly one paragraph one idea each: Sometimes for memos with threeor more paragraphs, it is advisable to begin each with a headingin capital letters to tel 1 what the paragraph is about. Anotherpractice is numbering the paragraphs for easy refere

22、nce lateron.5. Carbon copyThis is written as c. c. for short. As in a letter, it lists thepersons who are also receiving the memo.6. SignatureOnly the initial is needed, The office and name in print of thewriter are omitted. In more casua1 memos there is no signatureat a 11.Any thought on my notes?

23、Anything to add? Let me know at teabreak.c. c. Mr. P. L. Ducke, Training OfficerIII .商务便函写作的基本要求 倾向于用非正式的、口语化的语言。但给上级的便函语言要正规些。 内容可长可短,但必须紧扣主题,切忌在一封便函中讨论几个不通的话 题。 用数码标明段落。层次、问题或用表格等形式有助于那人的清晰明了。 常常在开头将写作目的和盘托出,中间就开头提及的事情进行详细阐 述,结尾往往提出要求或征求意见。IV .商务便函分类范例1.告知信息类tell/ notify/ mention /express/ inform/

24、 explain /note/ report/ adviseI am writing to tel 1/inform you thatI am writing to explain. (tel 1 your boss why you cannot attend)I am writing to express (my regret)例题2：You are the training manager of a company which has won a large export order. You have been asked to organise foreign language tra

25、ining for some of your staff.Write a memo of 40 - 50 words to staff: explaining why the courses are necessary saying which members of staff should attend announcing when the courses wi11 start 【范文】Internal MemorandumTo:Al 1 StaffDate:1 March 2005From: the Training ManagerSubject: ForeignLanguage Tra

26、ining CourseI was asked to organise a foreign language training course because of the large export order we received recently. 11 wi 11 start on 15 March and wi 11 last 2 weeks. Those who wi 11 deal with orders should attend this course.2 .布置安排类 例题:You are Head of Research for an internaliona 1 car

27、manufacturer. You have to make an urgent trip tomorrow to visit Pierre Blanco, a col league who works for a subsidiary.Write a memo of 40-50 words to your secretary: tel 1ing her who you are going to see and when asking her to book fl ight t ickets and accommodat ion tell ing her what work you would

28、 1 ike her to do in your absence.相关词汇:subsidiary, parent company, holding company, affiliate, branch, headquarters, representative office【范文】MemorandumTo:Date:From:Subject:I need to have an urgent meeting with Pierre Blanco of our Paris office tomorrow. Please book a return ticket to Paris and a hot

29、el room for me as soon as possible. During my absence, please keep me informed of the progress of the project. If there is anything urgent, give me a phone call.3 .征求意见类例题:You are a Project Team Leader. You have had to postpone your next project meeting because some of the members of your team wi 11

30、 be abroad.Write a memo of 40-50 words to your project team:informing them of the postponing and giving the reason stating a new date and time for the meeting requesting suggestions for the agenda.相关词汇:postpone; delay agenda, schedule, timetable范文MemorandumTo:Date:From:Subject:I am writing to inform

31、 you that the next project meeting wi11 be postponed. Because several team members wi11 be abroad for another project, we wi 11 hold our next meeting on 1 August, starting f rom 9am. Please let me know if you have any suggestions as to the agenda of the meeting.最后一句话可以替换为:Do you have any suggestions

32、 regarding the schedule?I welcome your suggestions concerning the timetable.4求助申请类You have lost your calculator, and you want to order a new one. You need to make a written request to your supervisor, Ann Ray. Write a memo of 40-50 words to her saying that you need a replacement explaining what happ

33、ened to the old one asking her to approve the request 【范文】MemorandumTo:Date:From:Subject:I am writing to apply for a replacement calculator. I found the old one missing af ter the client meeting yesterday. As a calculator is essential to my daily work, could you kindly approve this request?第四讲商务便条I

34、.商务便条的内容与特点商务便条则是一种最简易的非正式的书面联系形式,其内容多是当天 或近日内要办的事。便条的形式简单,所用语言更加口语化,往往寥寥数 语,直接告知对方某件事情或要求对方做什么。商务便条多用于同事之 间,语气没有商务便函正式。通常在无法当面通知或电话联系的情况下使 用。常见内容有:临时通知、请求、询问。留言、转述电话留言等。II .商务便函的结构与格式商务便条一般有四个组成部分:日期、称呼、正文、签名。些公司 有印好的便条笺。如:MessageTo: Date: Message:商务便条的称呼比较随便,可直呼其名,如:Mary, Tom,也不用 结尾敬语。但在较为正式的场合,如写

35、请假条给上司,最好用敬语,如： Dear Mr. Smitho签名写在右下方,只写名字,不写信,有时也用姓名缩写。商务便条的格式不规范,那人尽可能简单。一段话或一句话,甚 至不用完整的句子,只要把意思表达清楚就可以了。便条的文字通俗而口 语化。一般可省去“I”的自称和系动词。例1:请假ThursdayTo: Mr. SlaterI am sorry to tell you that I won t be able to go to the office today due to a sudden dizziness. So I have to ask for a day s sick leav

36、e.Susan Dulles例2:让秘书通知推迟约会9 a. m.Miss Wang ,Ive got anurgentmeeting today.Please contact theapplicants topostponethe interviewstill further notice.DS例3:安排工作To: Mr. RichardsonMessage:Please send a letter to Naves Limon in C. R.Find out:Are they satisfies with the order?Can we provide any after-sales

37、advice?Encourage repeat order.III.商务便条写作的基本要求倾向于用非正式的、口语化的语言。但给上级的便函语言要正规些。内容可长可短,但必须紧扣主题,切忌在一封便函中讨论几个不通的话 题。用数码标明段落。层次、问题或用表格等形式有助于那人的清晰明了。常常在开头将写作目的和盘托出,中间就开头提及的事情进行详细阐 述,结尾往往提出要求或征求意见。IV.商务便条范例例题:You would like to go to a seminar on presentation skills.Wr i te an emai1 of 40-50 words to your 1ine

38、 manager: requesting t ime off work to go to the seminar saying when the seminar is explaining why you want to go相关词汇:1 ine and staff management, 1 ine manager, staff manager 句型:May I have your permission to do stho ?To: Nick JohnsonSubject: Presentation SkillsSeminarI would 1 ike to attend aseminar

39、 on 3 Apri1.11 is about presentationskills. Since Ihave to make manypresentations to customers,this seminar wi11be very useful.Could you tel 1 me if it s possible to take t ime off work to attend this seminar?ThanksAngela例题:推荐建议类Your company s Sales Department has asked you to give a talk next Frida

40、y on your most recent project.Write an emai1 to Mrs. Jay in the Sales Department: agreeing to give the talk and suggesting a time saying what equipment you wi11 need requesting informat ion about the participants. To: Anna Jay Subject: Talk Next FridayI would 1 ike to give the talk suggested by you

41、and I think 9. 30am, after the break, would be the perfect time. Required equipment: Overhead Project一 Flipchart with Pens Please give me some information about the people participating. Renate第五讲商务信函写作第一节商务信函的内容与格式I .商务信函的内容商务信函是企业对外进行联系的书面手段。商务信函涵盖广泛,种类繁多,主要包括推销函、讯价函、报价 函、订货函、催款函、投诉函、索赔函、邀请函、道歉函、致

42、谢函、申请 函、应征函等。II .商务信函的组成部分商务信函一般由7个部分组成。下面依次介绍:1 .信头(letterhead)大多数公司一般都有用印有信头的特制信笺,多数印在信笺上方 的正中。2 .日期(date)写法有英式和美式两种。英式写法是按日、月、年的次序;美式 写法是按月、日、年的次序。尽量避免用数字写日期的方式。3 .信内地址(inside address)包括收信人的姓名和地址。一般写在信笺的左上角。分数行来 写。4 .称呼(salutation)如:Dear Mr. MorrisDear Sirs/MadamsDear Members of Federation of Tra

43、de UnionDear Program Director5 .正文(body)首先,表明写信人收到对方的来信或来电,或是作自我介绍,或 是扼要说明写作目的。然后,用主要篇幅阐明所要表达的内容。结尾,表 达写信人希望早日收到回信或回复。正文要求简明扼要,条例清楚,段落 不宜太长,尽量一段一意。6 .结尾敬辞(complimentary close)结尾敬辞的选择要视通信者之间的关系和写信目的而定,应该同 称呼相吻合。参看下表:SalutationDear Sirs/MadamDear ProfessorCloseYours faithfullyYours trulyCommentforma1L

44、eeYours respectfullyDear Ms. JacksonTomYours sincerelyinforma1My dear Chirs Best wishes/regardsWith lots of love7 .签名(signature)在打印体的上方签名。以上7个部分是商务信函的必要组成部分。以下部分可以根据实 际工作的需要,有选择地增减。8 .事由(Subject)写信人为了突出改信的目的,或是为了使收信人迅速领悟来信的 意图,可以采用标题的形式写明信函的主旨。事由写在称呼的下一行、正 文上方的中间位置。一般不超过一行。第一个词和关键词的首字母要大写。前面可以冠以“Sub

45、ject”或 Re (with reference to)的缩写。例:Subj.: Cancellation of the Order (No. 205)9 .附件(Enclosure)商务信函后常附有其它文件,如产品目录、价目表、订单、发票 等,这就需要在信笺的左下角,签名下方二至三行处注明Enc.或Enc.。若 附件不止个,用Encs.或Encls.。10 .抄送(Carbon Copy)如果写信人需要将该信交给收信人之外的其他相关个人或部门, 可以在附件下方写上C.C.字样,然后再写抄送个人或部门的名称。例:C.C. George AlexanderC.C. After-sales Se

46、rvice Dept.11 .附言(Postscript)附言的使用要慎重。它是用来强调信中谈及的要点,或补充说明 某问题。语言要简练,一般写在信笺的最下端,抄送的下方。附言前可 加上P.S.或PS。例：P.S. Discounts are available for VIP clients.111 .商务信函的格式及例题1.平头式(Block Version)【范文】Dear Sir or Madam,We welcome you the order above order. The prices you mentioned are old ones. The current prices should be 5% higher. However, we accept your order and wish to assure you that delivery wi11 be made immediately we receive your L/C.Our T-shirts and knitting wares enjoy favourable r