BEC中高级写作精华.pdf

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1、第 一 讲BEC写作概述BEC写作简介：写作考试共进行45分钟，占总成绩的25%,小作文占10分，大作文占20分。1、写作目的与要求Can make notes that are useful to both him/herself andto col leagues.Can write most letters he/she i s 1 ikely to be asked tod o;such errors as occur wi 1 1 not prevent understanding of themessage.Can write a simple report.2、测试题型分析题型：

2、商务便条类；商务便函类；商务书信类；商务报告类3、BEC写作评分标准注意：content;accuracy;conciseness 第二讲 BEC 写作的语言、语法、组织和文体第二讲BEC写作的语言、语法、组织和文体第 一 节BEC作文评分标准级 第 第别 一 二部 部分 分5 全部完成答题要求所有内容点都已包括在内并在答题要求允许的情况下加以发挥 语言规范、自然；错误最少，均属小错。多 样化的语言结构和丰富的词汇量。组 织效果好，注意前后呼应。语域和格式完全适当。给读者的印象极佳。4 较好的完成答题要求所 有内容点都处理得不错。大体准确；运用复杂语言时有错误。结构合理，用词准确。大体上组织较

3、好，注意逻辑关系。语 域和格式总体来说适当。给读者的印象良好。9 或10分18或20分147 或 或8分16分3 尚能达到答题要求所 有的主要内容点已包括进去，遗漏了一些次要的内容。10出 现一些错误，但不妨碍交流。5 或 或 结构和词汇掌握范围适度。6分12 组织和安排总的来说令人满意。分 语域和格式尚可，虽然并不完全成功。给读者的印象较好。2 不能完全达到答题要求遗 漏了一些主要的内容点或者处理得不充分，可能有些不切题。有 时错误影响清楚交流，错误较多，使读者感到迷3 或 6 或惑。4分8分 结构、词汇掌握范围有限。内容条理不清、不连贯，造成理解困难。语 域和格式不适当。给读者的印象不佳。

4、1 未能达到答题要求显 著的内容遗漏或大量内容不相关，可能由于误解题目要求。严重不规范，经常出现基本错误。1 或 2 或 题目要求的结构和词汇几乎没有提到。2分4分 缺乏组织，造成交流失败。几乎没有使用适当的语域和格式。给读者的印象极差。0 什么要求也没达到。字数少于所需字数的25%,或是完全不能辨认或是完全不切题。力力评分五个方面：content languagevocabulary organizationstructure&第二节商务英语写作的一般特点与基本要求I .内容的完整性I I .语言：6c原则1,准 确(correctness)(1)恰当的语言风格(2)准确的措词和信息(3)正

5、确的语法和标点符号(4)正确的拼写2.清楚(Clarity)(1)逻辑布局(logical organization)常用的逻辑布局方法包括：因果关系 时间顺序 序列顺序一般到特殊 特殊到一般(2)合理构架句群与段落(wel 1-written sentences¶graphs)合理安排句子和段落的结构与长度，把各种长短句、简单句复杂句组合成长度适中的段落。(3)统一性与一致性(unity&coherence)每一个段落都要围绕一个论点从不同方面进行论证。而每一个段落中都要有一个主题句，其它句子都围绕它进行论证。句与句，段与段都要前后呼应，首位连贯。(4)强 调(E m p h a s

6、 i s)位置：重要内容放句首。重复：简单地重复表达某一部分。数量：利用较多篇幅讨论某一观点。技巧：大写、加下划线等技巧避免在同一个句子中使用意义不同的同一个字。3.简 洁(Conciseness)(1)使用简洁的语言(2)少用陈词滥调(3)免冗长的表达方式和不必要的重复(4)删改无关紧要的成份(5)多使用主动语态的句子结构以明确表达意思。4.具体(Concreteness)尽可能将 a great deal o f t i m e,b a d,l a r g e,g o o d,s m a l l,aro un d,o l d,convenient,y o u n g,1 i t t l e

7、,majority,minority,m o s t,less量化(1)尽可能地提供明确、具体的信息。(2)使用具体词汇5.完 整(Completeness)6.礼 貌(Courtesy)(1)使用礼貌友好的词汇(2)采用体谅对方的写作态度(3)措辞得体，避免采用消极性的词汇或句式(4)避免使用有性别歧视之嫌的词语(5)及时答复I I I.结构：注意连贯和衔接1.连 贯(coherence)常见连接词有：表示罗列增加First/First o f all/Above all/To begin w i t h,Besides/What 5 s more/I n addition/Furtherm

8、ore/Moreover/Additionally,Fina1l y/Last b u t n o t l e a s t,For one thing.f o r anotherOn(t h e)one h a n d.o n t h e other h a n d,Especially/I n particular,表示时间顺序n o w,a t present,r ec ently,a f t e r,afterwards,after t h a t,after a w hi le,i n a few d a y s,a t f i r s t,i n t h e beginning,t

9、o begin w i t h,l a t e r,n e x t,f in al ly,immediately,s o o n,suddenly,a l 1 o f a s u d d e n,a t t h a t mom en t,a s soon a s,t h e momentform now o n,from then o n,a t t h e same t i m e,meanwhile,t i l l,n o t .u n t i 1,b ef o r e,a f t e r,w h e n,w hi le,a s d ur i n g,表示解释说明n o w,i n add

10、ition,f o r example,f o r i n s t a nc e,i n t hi s c a s e,moreover,furthermore,i n f a c t,actually表示转折关系b u t,however,w hi le,t h o u g h,o r,otherwise,on t h e contrary,on t h e other h a n d,i n contrast,despite,i n spite o f,even t h o u g h,except(for),i n s t e a d,o f c ou r s e,a f t e r a

11、 l l,表示并列关系o r,a n d,a l s o,t o o,n o t only.b u t a l s o,a s w e l 1 a s,both.a n d,e i t h e r .o r,neither.n o r表示因果关系because,because o f,s i n c e,now t h a t,a s,thanks to.,dueto.,therefore,a s a result(of),otherwise,so.t h a t,such.t h a t表示条件关系a s (s o)l on g a s,on condition t h a t,i f,un

12、less表示让步关系t h o u g h,although,a s,even i f,even t h o u g h,whether.or.,however,whoever,whatever,whichever,wherever,whenever,nomatter how(w h o,w h a t,w hi ch,w he re,w h e n,w h o m)表示举例f o r example,f or i n s t a n c e,such a s ,t a k e.f o r example表示比较b e similar t o,similarly,t h e same a s,

13、i n contrast,comparedw i t h (t o).j u s t 1 i k e,j u s t a s,表示目的for t h i s reason,for t hi s purpose,s o t h a t,i n order t o,s oas t o,表示强调in deed,in fact,surely,certainly,no doubt,without anydoubt,truly,obviously,above all,表示概括归纳in a word,in short,in brief,on the whole,generallyspeaking,in my

14、 opinion,as far as I know,As we al 1 know,as hasbeen stated,as I have shown,finally,at last,i n summary,inconclusion,2.衔 接(cohesion)返指(referring back)例如：A.Davis opened a door.Here i s your room.I am afraid iti s a bit untidy.He picked a dirty handkerchief off the floorand stuffed it in a drawer.B.Th

15、e keeper came loping softly up the lane with the dog paddingat his heels and we watched them through the hedge as they wentb y.第三节商务英语写作的文体风格关于文体，还应该注意：注意自己在题目中的身份从来不要用And引导一个句子。不需要括号不要缩写不要引用不要 one-word sentence.不要使用口语谚语、不要使用比喻不要使用修辞性的句子。第三讲商务便函I .商务便函的内容与特点商务便函（memorandum,简 写Memo）是同一商业组织内部广泛使用的书面联系

16、方式。它可以在同事之间、上下级之间、部门与部门之间使用。商务便函的内容通常包括：传达指示、发布通知、任命职务、了解情况、要求合作、汇报工作、提出建议、发表看法、探讨问题或节日安排等。注：凡是与公司外部进行正式的商务联系，必须用正规的商务书信。I I .商务便函的结构与格式一般公司企业往往都印有按照自己公司风格的商业便函。虽然排列格式不一，但基本组成部分是一样的。请看下面的例子：Interoffice MemoT o:（收信人）From:（发信人）Date:（日期）Subject:（事由）Message:（正文）商务便函一般由以下几个部分组成：MemoMemo是Memorandum缩写,因此也可

17、以用Memorandum,此外还有Internal Memorandum 和 Interoffice Memorandum,其意思都是一样的。To这一标题后面应写收信人的姓名与职衔，姓名前可以用尊称或不用。如：To:Mr.John Smith,Sales Manager From这一标题后应写发信人的姓名与职衔：职衔可根据需要决定写或不写，但姓名前不要用尊称。如：From:John Smith,General Manager Date日期的写法同书信里日期写法的要求完全一样，不要用数字来表示月份。Subject这一标题后是写事由的，即用一个或几个词汇简单概括便函的内容，以便查阅。事由必须简洁明

18、了，不要用完整的句子，如：Changes in Travel Advance FormPromotion of StaffVacation ScheduleParticipation in Training Programmes Message正文常常不需要注明这一标题。正文与一般书信有所不同，可长可短，往往使用简短地句子和段落。有时只有一句话，有时有好几个段落。为了使阅读者一目了然，各段前还可以写上序号。便函的内容虽然丰富，但它不像商务书信那样讲究措辞，那样注意开头与结尾的表达，只要意思表示清楚即可。除了上述6个部分，商务便函还可以根据实际需要在末尾增加发信人的姓名首字母、附件、副本抄送等。

19、SCHOOL OF ENGLISH FOR BUSINESSM EM ORANDUMTo:Mr.Kingswick,Course CoordinatorFrom:Barnsby CampbelDate:19 November,1995Subject:Lesson Plan for 28 November LectureTo:Mr.Kingswick,Course CoordinatorFrom:Barnsby CampbelDate:19 November,1995Subject:Lesson Plan for 28 November Lectureafter the name of the

20、recipient You may sometimes address thereaders as a group.3.SubjectI intend to teachmemo writing in m y next lecture.I plan tocover the following plans:1.Inside AddressThis is omitted in a memo.As internal communication the reasonis obvious.2.Greet ingIt is mere polite i to put Mr.,Mrs.or Ms before

21、and the officeThis i s a phrase to tell the reader what the memo i s about.Sometimes only the phrase i s given without the word Subjectbefore i t.4.BodyThese should be short,less than 10 lines,and concentrate ononly one paragraph one idea each:Sometimes for memos with threeor more paragraphs,i t i s

22、 advisable to begin each with a headingi n capital letters t o t e l 1 what the paragraph i s about.Anotherpractice i s numbering the paragraphs for easy reference latero n.5.Carbon copyThis i s written as c.c.for short.As i n a letter,i t lists thepersons who are also receiving the memo.6.Signature

23、Only the initial i s needed,The office and name i n print of thewriter are omitted.I n more casual memos there i s no signatureat a l l.Any thought on my notes?Anything t o add?Let me know at teabreak.c.c.M r.P.L.Ducke,Training OfficerIII.商务便函写作的基本要求 倾向于用非正式的、口语化的语言。但给上级的便函语言要正规些。内容可长可短，但必须紧扣主题，切忌在一

24、封便函中讨论几个不通的话题。用数码标明段落。层次、问题或用表格等形式有助于那人的清晰明了。常常在一开头将写作目的和盘托出，中间就开头提及的事情进行详细阐述，结尾往往提出要求或征求意见。IV.商务便函分类范例1.告知信息类tell/notify/ment ion/express/inform/explain/note/report/adviseI am wr i ting to t e l 1/inform you that.I am writing to e x p l a i n.(t e l l your boss why you cannot attend)I am writing to

25、 express(m y regret)例 题2：You are the training manager of a company which has won a largeexport order.You have been asked to organise foreign languagetraining for some of your staff.Write a memo of 40-50 words to staff:explaining why the courses are necessarysaying which members of staff should atten

26、dannouncing when the courses wi11 start【范文】Internal MemorandumTo:Al 1 Staff Date:1 March 2005From:the Training Manager Subject:ForeignLanguage Training CourseI was asked to organise a foreign language training coursebecause of the large export order we received recently.11 wi 11start on 15 March and

27、 wi 11 last 2 weeks.Those who wi 11 dealwith orders should attend this course.2.布置安排类例 题：You are Head of Research for an Internationa 1 car manufacturer.You have to make an urgent trip tomorrow to visit Pierre Blanco,a colleague who works for a subsidiary.Write a memo of 40-50 words to your secretar

28、y:tel 1ing her who you are going to see and whenasking her to book flight tickets and accommodationtelling her what work you would 1 ike her to do in yourabsence.相关词汇：subsidiary,parent company,holding company,affi 1 iate,branch,headquarters,representative office【范文】MemorandumTo:Date:From:Subject:I n

29、eed to have an urgent meeting with Pierre Blanco of our Parisoffice tomorrow.Please book a return ticket to Paris and ahotel room for me as soon as possible.During my absence,pleasekeep me informed of the progress of the project.If there isanything urgent,give me a phone cal 1.3.征求意见类例 题：You are a P

30、roject Team Leader.You have had to postpone your nextproject meeting because some of the members of your team wi 1 1 beabroad.Write a memo of 40-50 words to your project team:informing them of the postponing and giving the reasonstating a new date and time for the meetingrequesting suggestions for t

31、he agenda.相关词汇：postpone;delay agenda,schedule,timetable【范文】MemorandumTo:Date:From:Subject:I am writing to inform you that the next project meeting wi1 1 bepostponed.Because several team members wi 1 1 be abroad foranother project,we wi 1 1 hold our next meet ing on 1 August,starting f rom 9am.Please

32、 let me know i f you have anysuggestions as to the agenda of the meeting.最后一句话可以替换为：Do you have any suggestions regarding the schedule?I welcome your suggestions concerning the t imetable.4.求助申请类You have lost your calculator,and you want to order a new one.You need to make a written request to your

33、supervisor,Ann Ray.Write a memo of 40-50 words to hersaying that you need a replacementexplaining what happened to the old oneasking her to approve the request【范文】MemorandumTo:Date:From:Subject:I am writing to apply for a replacement calculator.I found theold one missing af ter the client meeting ye

34、sterday.As acalculator i s essential to my daily work,could you kindlyapprove this request?第四讲商务便条I.商务便条的内容与特点商务便条则是一种最简易的非正式的书面联系形式，其内容多是当天或近日内要办的事。便条的形式简单，所用语言更加口语化，往往寥寥数语，直接告知对方某件事情或要求对方做什么。商务便条多用于同事之间，语气没有商务便函正式。通常在无法当面通知或电话联系的情况下使用。常见内容有：临时通知、请求、询问。留言、转述电话留言等。II.商务便函的结构与格式商务便条一般有四个组成部分：日期、称呼、正文

35、、签名。一些公司有印好的便条笺。如：MessageTo:Date:_Message:商务便条的称呼比较随便，可直呼其名，如：Mary,Tom,也不用结尾敬语。但在较为正式的场合，如写请假条给上司，最好用敬语，如：Dear Mr.Smitho签名写在右下方，只写名字，不写信，有时也用姓名缩写。商务便条的格式不规范，那人尽可能简单。一段话或一句话，甚至不用完整的句子，只要把意思表达清楚就可以了。便条的文字通俗而口语化。一般可省去“I”的自称和系动词。例1：请假ThursdayTo:Mr.SlaterI am sorry to tell you that I won t be able to go

36、to the officetoday due to a sudden dizziness.So I have to ask for a day5 ssick leave.Susan Dulles例2:让秘书通知推迟约会9 a.m.Miss W ang,Ive got anurgentmeeting today.Please contact theapplicants to postpone the interviews till further notice.D S例3:安排工作To:M r.RichardsonMessage:Please send a letter to Naves Lim

37、on in C.R.Find out:Are they satisfies with the order?Can we provide any after-sales advice?Encourage repeat order.H I.商务便条写作的基本要求倾向于用非正式的、口语化的语言。但给上级的便函语言要正规些。内容可长可短，但必须紧扣主题，切忌在一封便函中讨论几个不通的话题。用数码标明段落。层次、问题或用表格等形式有助于那人的清晰明了。常常在一开头将写作目的和盘托出，中间就开头提及的事情进行详细阐述，结尾往往提出要求或征求意见。I V.商务便条范例例题：You would 1 ike t

38、oW r i te an ema i 1 ofrequestinggo to a seminar on presentation skills.40-50 words to your 1ine manager:t ime off work to go to the seminarsaying when the seminar isexplaining why you want to go相关词汇：line and staff management,1 ine manager,staff manager句型：M ay I have your permission to do stho?To:Ni

39、ck JohnsonSubject:Presentation Ski 1 Is SeminarI would 1 ike to attend a seminar on 3 Apri1.It is about presentation skills.Since I have to make manypresentations to customers,this seminar wi11 be very useful.Could you tell me if i t s possible to take time off work toattend this seminar?ThanksAngel

40、a例题：推荐建议类Your company5 s Sales Department has asked you to give a talknext Friday on your most recent project.Write an emai1 to Mrs.Jay in the Sales Department:agreeing to give the talk and suggesting a t imesaying what equipment you wi1 1 needrequesting informat ion about the participants.T o:Anna

41、JaySubject:Talk Next FridayI would 1 ike to give the talk suggested by you and I think9.30am,after the break,would be the perfect time.Required equipment:Overhead Project一Flipchart with PensPlease give me some information about the people participating.Renate第五讲商务信函写作第一节商务信函的内容与格式I.商务信函的内容商务信函是企业对外进

42、行联系的书面手段。商务信函涵盖广泛，种类繁多，主要包括推销函、讯价函、报价函、订货函、催款函、投诉函、索赔函、邀请函、道歉函、致谢函、申请函、应征函等。n.商务信函的组成部分商务信函一般由7个部分组成。下面依次介绍：1.信 头(letterhead)大多数公司一般都有用印有信头的特制信笺，多数印在信笺上方的正中。2.日期(date)写法有英式和美式两种。英式写法是按日、月、年的次序；美式写法是按月、日、年的次序。尽量避免用数字写日期的方式。3.信内地址(inside address)包括收信人的姓名和地址。一般写在信笺的左上角。分数行来写。4.称呼(salu tatio n)如：Dear Mr

43、.M orrisDear Sirs/MadamsDear Members of Federation of Trade UnionDear Program D irector5.正 文(body)首先，表明写信人收到对方的来信或来电，或是作自我介绍，或是扼要说明写作目的。然后，用主要篇幅阐明所要表达的内容。结尾，表达写信人希望早日收到回信或回复。正文要求简明扼要，条例清楚，段落不宜太长，尽量一段一意。6.结尾敬辞(compl imentary close)结尾敬辞的选择要视通信者之间的关系和写信目的而定，应该同称呼相吻合。参看下表：S alu tatio nDear Sirs/MadamDea

44、r ProfessorCloseYours fa ith fu llyYours tru lyCommentformalLee Yours respectfullyDear Ms.JacksonTom Yours sincerely informa1My dear Chirs Best wishes/regardsWith lots of love7.签名(signature)在打印体的上方签名。以 上7个部分是商务信函的必要组成部分。以下部分可以根据实际工作的需要，有选择地增减。8.事 由(Subject)写信人为了突出改信的目的，或是为了使收信人迅速领悟来信的意图，可以采用标题的形式写明信

45、函的主旨。事由写在称呼的下一行、正文上方的中间位置。一般不超过一行。第一个词和关键词的首字母要大写。前面可以冠以“Subject”或Re(wi th reference t o)的缩写。例：Subj.:Cancel lat ion of the Order(No.205)9.附 件(Enclosure)商务信函后常附有其它文件，如产品目录、价目表、订单、发票等，这就需要在信笺的左下角，签名下方二至三行处注明Enc.或Enc.。若附件不止一个，用Encs.或Encls.。10.抄 送(Carbon Copy)如果写信人需要将该信交给收信人之外的其他相关个人或部门，可以在附件下方写上C.C.字样，

46、然后再写抄送个人或部门的名称。例：C.C.George AlexanderC.C.Af ter-sales Service Dept.11.附 言(Postscript)附言的使用要慎重。它是用来强调信中谈及的要点，或补充说明某一问题。语言要简练，一般写在信笺的最下端，抄送的下方。附言前可加上P.S.或PS。例：P.S.Discounts are available for VIP clients.III.商务信函的格式及例题1.平 头 式(Block Version)【范文】Dear Sir or Madam,W e welcome you the order above order.The

47、 prices you mentionedare old ones.The current prices should be 5%higher.However,we accept your order and wish to assure you that delivery wi11be made immediately we receive your L/C.Our T-shirts and kni tt ing wares enjoy favourable reception inthe world market because of their fine quali ty and exc

48、el lentcraftsmanship.No wonder your customers haveremarkedfavourably on our products.You may be sure that we shal1 doour best torel iabi 1 ity.maintain our reputation for qual ity andW e enclose aquotation f or summer wares,such asbathingsuits,al 1 cotton vests and shal 1 be pleased tofurther orders

49、 from you.receiveYours faithfully,Edward Whi te2.缩 行 式(Indented Version)【范文】October 30,2005Messers Samson Ghadban Co.,Ltd.15 Horns Avenue,Tripoli Lebanon.Dear Sir or MadamThank you for replying so prompt ly to our enquiry for1ightweight extinguishers and a 1 so for your offer to arrange ademonstrati

50、on.Our general manager and our office manager wi 11 both bea b l e t o m e e t M r B u r t o n a t a n y t i m e d u r i n g t h e m o r n i n g o ra f t e r n o o n o f T h u r s d a y,N o v e m b e r 10t h.I t w o u l d b e h e l p f u l i fM r B u r t o n w o u l d w r i t e o r p h o n e t o l e