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1、读后续写微讲座四：读精（精析语言）I外刊输入悟语言之道Mother Nature Always Has a Surprise for Us Up Her SleeveWhen Mother Nature decides to unleash （发泄）her anger, theres very little we can do except deal with it.In the past year, a series of natural disasters has shocked the imagination and reminded us of our human limitation
2、s. There have been floods, droughts and big earthquakes. Theyve shaken our senses as theyve affected big cities and small villages.And now a volcano on Iceland erupts. After being inactive for almost 200 years, it has been emitting （喷发）balls of fire, ice and a giant cloud of ash that has paralyzed m
3、uch of European air travel. It seems as if the sky was covered by a black curtain! Whats worse, the air feels difficult to breathe. The authorities called on people to avoid activities in the open air.With all of our attempts to tame （驯月艮）or predict nature, we often find ourselves caught off guard w
4、hen acts of God“ challenge our understanding.We put our trust in our dams and levees （堤岸），early warning systems and modern- day weather radar and the manpower we summon （召集）when uncontrollable forces strike us with an intense fierceness.Most often we can only respond to disaster rather than prevent
5、the emergency. We suffer the destruction, death and shortage of essential supplies. We have no choice but to try our best to rescue as many as possible, bury the dead, rebuild from the ruins and move on.Nature will always remind us that as long as we are on this Earth we will have to deal with this
6、planets characteristics （特t生）一its winds and waves, its fires and rain, and its quakes and eruptions.We must accept its natural order and disorder so that we can survive.When we start to get a little full of ourselves or attach too much importance to our small accomplishments, remember that a little
7、volcano （whose name most of us cant even pronounce） sitting on a little island in the North Atlantic forces us to sit still in total wonderment or even sweep away what we own now.1 .重点词汇再现灾害（使）震惊洪水旱灾（l）disaster n.（2）shock vt.（3）flood n.（4）drought n.(5)affect vt.(6)volcano n.(7)erupt vi.(8)breathe vi
8、.(9)in the open air (lO)strike v.(1 l)emergency n.(12)death n.(13)supply n.(14)rescue v.(15)bury vt.(16)ruin n.(17)survive vi.(18)sweep away侵袭 火山 （火山）爆发 呼吸 在户外 侵袭紧急情况 死亡 补给品 营救 埋葬 废墟存活；生存 消灭2 .经典句型再现：as if引导表语从句It seems as if the sky was covered by a black curtain! 天空看起来好像被黑色的窗帘遮住了！II 迷你语料库(Mini Cor
9、pus)序号佳句呈现赏析1Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei.描写灾难前的场景。特别注意 in the countryside 中使用定冠 词 the。2Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings.描写灾难发生前的动物异常 情况。其中运用“too.to.”结 构，意为“太以至于（不 能）”3At about 3： 00 a. m., on 28 July 19
10、76, bright lights were seen in the sky outside the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard.描写灾难前发生的异常情况： 出现亮光和不明原因的噪声。 句中使用了并列的被动结构。4At 3： 42 a. m., everything began to shake.概括性描述灾难的开始。5It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!概括性描述灾难的严重后果。 句中as if引导表语从句。6Nearly one third of the whole na
11、tion felt it!描述灾难的严重性。7A huge crack, eight kilometres long and 30 metres wide, cut across houses, roads, and waterways.描述地震时地面裂开的场景。8Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt.描述地震中山被震碎的场景， 表示地震的严重程度。句子运 用了比喻这一修辞手法。9In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins.概括性描述灾难的严重性。10Two thirds of the peo
12、ple who lived there were dead or injured. Thousands of children were left without parents.描述灾难造成的人员伤亡。第 二句是leave+宾语+宾 补”结构的被动形式。11Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins.从幸存者的角度描述灾难的 严重后果。续表序号佳句呈现赏析12Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves, but no wind could blow them away.
13、描述灾难之后，房屋倒塌，红 砖落地如红色秋叶，满目疮 痍。句子运用了比喻这一修辞 手法。13People were in shock.描述灾难之后，人们的心理状 况。14Water, food, and electricity were hard to get.描述灾难之后断水、断电、断 粮的场景。15People began to wonder how描述灾难之后人们惶恐不安long the disaster would last.的心情。16Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150, 000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig o
14、ut those who were trapped and to bury the dead.描述灾难之后，军队士兵积极 救助的场景。17More than 10, 000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care.描述灾难之后，医护人员积极 救助的场景。18Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.描述灾难之后，工人们积极帮 助幸存者、提供庇护所的场 景。19Hundreds of thousands of people were helped.
15、 Water and food were brought into the city by train, truck, and plane.描述积极救助之后，城市逐渐 恢复的场景。20Slowly, the city began to breathe again.概括性描述积极救助之后，城 市恢复的场景。句子运用了 “拟人”这一修辞手法。21Tangshan started to revive itself and get back up on its feet.概括性描述积极救助之后，城 市恢复的场景。句子运用了 “拟人”这一修辞手法。22With strong support from t
16、he government and the tireless efforts of the citys people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.描述在大家的共同努力下，灾 后重建取得成功的场景。23In times of disaster, people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.是文章升华处的描写。表明大 家只有靠团结和智慧，才能够 成功地进行灾后重建。24Fishermen,
17、tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were swept细节描述地震的严重程度。away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0.25I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.运用了 “be doingwhen”句型， 表示灾难发生的突然。26We had to leave everything and run to safety
18、.描写灾难发生的突然性。27Foreign aid is being organised for the tsunami-hit countries.描述灾后国际合作救援的场景。28However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.描写灾后救援会遇到的困难。 运用了 make +让+宾补+ to do sth.结构。IH读后续写入门篇：读精精析语言(Analyze the language)做读后续写时，为了保持所写的内容和语言与原文的连贯性和一
19、致性，需要通过回读原 文，利用“拉平效应”，创造性地模仿和使用语言，从而提高写作的效率和流畅度。分析语篇，可以从五个方面理解原文的语言运用技巧：1 .场景描写(Surroundings)场景描写包括人、物、事发生的时间、地点、自然环境及社会场景等。场景描写可以充 当背景信息，提供人、物、事发生的具体情景设定。其次，场景描写可以表达角色的感情、 情绪，可以随着情节的发展有所变化，甚至可以提示、推动情节的发展，增强语篇的代入感。2 .动作描写(Action)动作描写指的是描写人物在具体情况下的行为举止，是情节发展的具体体现。恰到好处 的动作描写不仅可以塑造生动形象的人物，还可以反应人物的情感态度及
20、心理变化，并最终 反映人物的性格特点及思想品质。3 .心理描写(Feelings)心理描写指的是描写人物在具体情况下的看法、感受、情感及心理活动，并由此反映人 物的性格特点及思想品质。心理描写除了对心理的直接描写，还可以结合动作描写及场景描 写，共同构建连贯紧凑的语篇。4 .有效对话(Effective dialogue)有效对话是记叙文中塑造人物的一个重要手段。对话的有效性首先表现在符合人物设定。 这样的对话不仅能够有效地推动情节的发展，而且能够增加叙述的生动性。此外，对话语言 也要符合记叙文的语言特点生活化、简化及去书面化。5 .修辞（Figure of speech）修辞是增加语言生动性
21、的最佳手段。可以引起共鸣，使抽象的情境具体化。常见的修辞 手法：比喻、拟人、夸张、排比。典题精析】阅读下面的材料，完成以下任务。When there was news that a storm was coming, Sarah didnt think much about it. She simply shrugged it off like any other normal day. When she went to the grocery store and saw that it was full, she still didnt worry.People inside ran lik
22、e mad between aisles （过道）,grabbing what they could. More people were crowding in, pushing each other. Even more were waiting outside, trying to make their way into the store. Bare shelves and long lines made Sarah chuckle（咯咯笑）.They must be overreacting, she thought.On her way home, she looked overhe
23、ad. Dark clouds were indeed forming. And they seemed to be running quickly across the sky. Still, Sarah was not bothered. The rain would be nice since it had been warm lately.When she got home, Sarah made popcorn and sat on the sofa with her dog, Cooper, and got ready to watch a movie. Just as she h
24、it play on the remote（遥控器）,she heard the thunder, as loud as a bomb. Rain started to come down hard, making it almost impossible to see the trees in her front yard through the window. Cooper immediately jumped from the sofa, barking in fear in the corner.“Its OK79 Sarah said. She moved to one side a
25、nd saw Cooper looked a bit nervous. Sarah turned off the movie and instead skipped to the local news station. The storm was much more serious than she had thought. People in a nearby city even said they spotted a tornado. The reporter advised people to stay inside and secure all of the doors and win
26、dows.Sarah got up and began making her way around the house. Cooper followed close behind as she checked all of the windows to make sure they were all fully closed. By the time she got back to her sofa, the rain had stopped. That wasnt so bad, “ Sarah said aloud. Just a nice shower.?She turned to Co
27、oper, who had gone back to the corner and still looked a bit frightened. She looked outside. It was actually very calm, but she could see that the wind was picking up. The branches of the trees were dancing wildly and the garbage bin had tipped over.1 .场景描写(Surroundings)请选出以下场景描写的作用。A.介绍发生的时间B.介绍发生的
28、地点C.介绍发生的自然环境D.介绍发生的社会场景E.推动情节发展F.表达感情(1)When there was news that a storm was coming, Sarah didnt think much about it. A (2)When she went to the grocery store and saw that it was full, she still didnt worry. B (3)Bare shelves and long lines made Sarah chuckle. D(4)Rain started to come down hard, mak
29、ing it almost impossible to see the trees in her front yard through the window. C(5)And they seemed to be running quickly across the sky. Still, Sarah was not bothered. F (6)The branches of the trees were dancing wildly and the garbage bin had tipped over. E2 .动作描写(Action)(1)请选出以下动作描写的作用。A.反映人物的形象B.
30、反映人物的情感态度C.反映人物的心理变化D.反映人物的性格特点及思想品质She simply shrugged it off like any other normal day. B(2)When she got home, Sarah made popcorn and sat on the sofa with her dog, Cooper, and got ready to watch a movie. A(3)Sarah turned off the movie and instead skipped to the local news station. CSarah got up an
31、d began making her way around the house. Cooper followed close behind as she checked all of the windows to make sure they were all fully closed. DShe turned to Cooper, who had gone back to the corner and still looked a bit frightened. She looked outside. C(2)例反映了萨拉什么性格特点？反映了萨拉能够全面周到地考虑到各个方面,并且遇到问题能够
32、做出积极的应对。3 .心理描写(Feelings)请选出以下句子用什么手法描写心理活动。A.动词直接描述心理活动B.动作体现心理活动C.场景描写衬托心理活动D.间接引语体现心理活动(l).she still didnt worry. A(2)They must be overreacting, she thought. D(3)Still, Sarah was not bothered. The rain would be nice since it had been warm lately. C (4)Cooper followed close behind.B4 .有效对话(Effecti
33、ve dialogue) 找出文章中的对话，并体会其有效性。(1 Fits OK. Sarah said.M口语化表达口书面化表达(2)“That wasnt so bad,“ Sarah said aloud. 复杂词汇和句式必简单词汇和句式(3)“Just a nice shower. ” 口完整的长句号短语5 .修辞(Figure of speech) 请选出以下句子用了什么修辞手法。A.比喻 B.拟人 C.夸张 D.排比6 1 )People inside ran like mad between aisles (过道)，grabbing what they could. C (2)A
34、nd they seemed to be running quickly across the sky. B(3)Just as she hit play on the remote (遥控器)，she heard the thunder, as loud as a bomb. A (4)People inside ran like mad between aisles (过道)，grabbing what they could. More people were crowding in, pushing each other. Even more were waiting outside, trying to make their way into the store. D