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1、用心爱心专心-1-第三册第三册 UnitUnit 3 3TheThe landland downdown underunderI I单元知识点全览单元知识点全览 工欲善其事工欲善其事 必先利其器必先利其器高考须掌握的词汇：1strength2pronounce3clawed4indoors5entirely6diversity用心爱心专心-2-7different；dIfference8point9inmmigrate 10hair高考须掌握的短语：1as 2go 3out 4round5made6from7differ 8surrounded9 into10round11out12birth
2、13away14Infl Hence15on16on考点过关考点过关 过关斩将过关斩将 一马平川一马平川考点详解考点详解 精剖细解精剖细解 入巿三分入巿三分一、重点词汇一、重点词汇1reSemble vt与相似；与相像 eg：She resembles her sister in appearance but not in character她相貌像她的姐姐，但性格并不像。相关链接：resemblanee n相似；类似用法拓展：(closely)resemble sbin sth某方面与某人长得相似bear a strIking/remarkable resemblance to sb长得和某
3、人惊人地相似 take after 长得像be/looklike看起来像特别提醒：resemble 无进行时态和被动语态。案例剖析案例剖析 旁征博引旁征博引 举一反三举一反三考题 1-Jane and Susan are twins.-Really?No wonder theyeach other.A.likeB.similarC.sameD.resemble考题 1 点拨：答案为 D。从 theyeach ofher 可以看出，此句需一动词作谓语，故选 D，B、D 两项为形容词，A 项作“像”时为prep。句意为：“简和苏珊是双胞胎。真的吗?难怪她们两人很相像。总结提示：resemble 为
4、动词而 like 必须和 be 或 look 连用才能作谓语。2djffer vi相异；有区别eg：Im afraid we shall have to differ on this matter在这个问题上恐怕我们要保留不同意见了。、Chinese differs greatly from Japanese in pronunciation汉语发音和日语大不相同。相关链接：different adj不同的；有差异的 differencen不同 differently adv(一般无比较级)不同地用法拓展：differ ftom与不同differ in在某方面不同be d|fferent fr
5、om和不一样be different in在不一样make some/no dIfference 有/没有关系；有/无影响 tellthe difference(s)betweenand说出和的不同 There are differences betweenand和有不同之处特别提醒：d|ffer from 和 dIffer in 的含义不同。考题 2-1The eating habits in the north are very much differentthose in the south.A.thanB.withC.asD.from考题 2-2Mike differshis brot
6、her on a political question.A.toB.fromC.withD.in考题 21 点拨：答案为 D。此题考查 be dfferent from和不一样。句意为：“北方的饮食习惯和南方非常不一样。”考题 22 点拨：答案为 B。此题考查 differ ftom和不一样。句意为：“迈克和他弟弟在这个政治问题上有不同意见。”总结提示：辨清 differ from 和 differ in二、重点短语二、重点短语3round up 把聚集在一起 eg：The farmer rounded up the COWS for milking那农夫把奶牛赶拢来挤奶。Please rou
7、nd up the rest of the class；its time to go back to schooI请把班上的其他人集合起来，该回学校了。相关链接：round adj圆形的用法拓展：round the corner 拐过弯round the hill 绕过山 round roundon一向进攻特别提醒：round up 中 round 为动词。考题 3(典型例题 分)The cowboythe cattle thateating the grass here arid用心爱心专心-3-there.A.drove up;wasB.picked up;wereC.rounded up
8、;wasD.rounded up;were考题 3 点拨，答案为 D。round up 为“聚拢；赶在一起”，cattle 后谓语动词用复数。句意为；“放牛娃将四处吃草的牛赶到一块。”总结提示，round up“聚拢”中 round 为动词，cattle 为集合名词，作主语，谓语动词用复数。4keep out 不使入内；把挡在外面eg：They closed all the windows to keep out the cold他们关上所有的窗户不让冷气进来。The notice should keep unwanted visitors out of the building这个通知应该把
9、不受欢迎的访问者挡在这座大楼外面。Danger!Keep out!危险!切勿入内!用法拓展：keep out 使挡在外面keepout of把挡在的外面特别提醒：keep out 可以带宾语，也可以不带宾语。考题 4In the countryside,people usually shut all the doors to keepall the mouseat night.A.upB.outC.offD.on考题 4 点拨：答案为 B。此题考查 keep 与不同副词连用的含义，keep up保持；继续”；keep off“避开；挡开”；keep on“继续”；keep out“使挡在外面”
10、。根据题意“在农村，人们在晚上通常把所有的门都关好，不让老鼠入内。”故选 B。总结提示：辨析 keep OUt/on/up/off 的含义。三、重点交际用语三、重点交际用语5Give them safety tips and warn them of possbIe dangers给他们一些安全提示提醒他们可能的危险。warn sbof sth警告/提醒某人某事eg：1 tried to warn him of the danger，but he WouldntIisten我事先警告过他有危险，但他就是不听。She has been warned of the danger of drivin
11、g the carin that state已经提醒过她,汽车那样子开起来有危险。用法拓展：warn sbof sth提醒/警告某人某事 warn sbagainst sb/sth让某人提防某人物 warnsbnot to do sth=warn sbagainst doing sth警告某人不要干某事特别提醒：(1)warn 后面不接双宾语。(2)警告某人某物必须为 warn sbof sth考题 5Thepatientwaswarnedoily food after the opera-tion.A.to eat notB.eating notC.not to eatD.not eatin
12、g考题 5 点拨：答案为 c。此题考查 warn sbnot to do sth“警告某人不要干”。句意为：“这个病人被警告手术后不要吃油腻的东西”。总结提示：注意 warn sb of sth 和 warn sb not to do sth。四、重点句型四、重点句型6Having been separated from other continents for million$of years，Aastraljg hasmany pIantsand animaIs that cannot be found anywhere else in the world与其他大陆分离了上百万年，澳大利亚
13、有世界上其他地方找不到的动植物。having been done 是现在分词的完成被动式，强调分词的动作对本句话主语来说是被动动作，且又在本句动词之前发生。eg：Having been rebuiIt this way，these temples look even more beautlful这些寺庙经过这样重建后，显得更加美丽了。Having been warned many times，they at last began to pay more attention to their spelling 经过多次警告后，他们终于开始更加注意他们的拼写了。特别提醒：v-ing 可以作时间，原
14、因，伴随状语。考题 6(典型例题)a re-ply,he decided to write again.A.Receiving notB.He didnt receiveC.Not having receivedD.Having not received考题 6 点拨：答案为 C。“他未收到回信”这一动作发生在“他决定再写”之前。故用完成式。此题易用心爱心专心-4-错选 D。非谓语动词的否定式在非谓语动词前加 not，即 not having done 而不是 having not done。总结提示：having done 的否定形式为 not having done。五、词语辨析五、词语辨
15、析7live On，feed On(1)feed on 意为“用喂养；靠吃维持生命”。主语通常为动物。eg：Sheep feed on grass羊以草为食。Their mothercantaffordtofeedthemon/withmeatandfishevery day他们的母亲负担不起每天给他们鱼和肉吃。She fed the milk to her baby她用牛奶喂孩子。(feedto)(2)“ive on“以生活”，主语为人。eg：The elderly man lived on sinall pension老人靠微薄的养老金生活。My mother lived by selli
16、ng vegetables 我母亲靠卖菜维持生活。特别提醒：feed on 的主语为动物；而 live on 的主语为人。考题 7-1Cattle chieflyon grass while people in the north mainlyonwheat.A.live;feedB.feed;liveC.feed;feedD.live;live考题 7-2 用适当的介词填空(1)The cat is so little,so must feed itmilk.(2)The old man usually livescollecting waste things.考题 71 点拨：答案为 B。
17、feed on“以为主食”主语通常为动物；live on。以为生”主语通常为人。句意为：“牛主要以草为食，而北方的人主要以小麦为生。”考题 72 点拨：(1)with/on(2)by/on feed on/with“用喂养”；live on“以为生”；liveby“通过生活”。总结提示：feed sthon/with“用喂”。feed on 与 live on 的主语不同。语法归纳语法归纳 精通规则精通规则游刃有余游刃有余本单元的语法重点是句子成分表语表语的功能是表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。它也可以说是一种主语补语。它位于连系动词之后，与之构成所谓的系表结构。在系表结构中，连系动词只是形式上
18、的谓语，而真正起谓语作用的则是表语。可以用作表语的有名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句等。1，名词用作表语。eg：Its a pity that we shall be a little late令人遗憾的是我们将要迟到一会儿。(连系动词是 is)He became king when he was a child他在儿时就当了国王。(连系动词是 became)This student will make a good teacher这个学生会成为一位好教师。(连系动词是 make)2代词用作表语。eg：So thats that就是那样。She is ver
19、y tired and looks if她很累了，并已显示出来了。Whose is that sweater?那件毛衣是谁的?3数词用作表语。eg：We are seven我们一共 7 人。Ill be twenty-four inMay到 5 月我将是 24 岁。4形容词用作表语。eg：Are you busy?你忙吗?Please feel fiee to say what you really think请随便谈谈你的真实想法吧。He will not rest content with these victories他决不满足于这些胜利。注意下面句子中的系表用心爱心专心-5-结构：Ou
20、r dream has come true我们的梦想实现了。(come 作为连系动词还常后接 easy，loose，natural，alive，right 等)Her skin went brozL,n in the sun她的皮肤晒黑了。(go 作为连系动词还常后接 mad，hungrybad，wrongblind 等)He fell sick他病了。(fall 作为连系动词还常后接 asleep，flat，short，Illsilent 等)Keep，fit保重。(keep 作为连系动词还常后接 quiet，calm，cool，well，warm，silent，clean，dry等)The
21、 well ran dry这口井干枯了。(run 作为连系动词还常后接 short，loose，wild，cold 等)5副词用作表语。eg：Are you there?你听着吗?(电话用语)ls anybody in?里面有人吗?My days work is over我这一天的工作做完了。6不定式用作表语。eg：My answer to his threat was0 h it him on the llose我对他的威胁的回答是照他的鼻子打去。To have knowledge is to kno0u the true from the false，and high things fro
22、m low求知就是辨别真伪与高卑。连系动词 seem，appear 等常后接不定式 to be，以加强连系动词的力量。eg：A thin person always seems to be taller than he really is一个瘦个子似乎总比他的实际高度要高些。The verdict appears to be jUSt判决似乎是公正的。考题 1Wait until you are moreIts better to be sure than sorry.A.inspiredB satisfiedC.calmD.certain考题 2Do you think the soup t
23、astes?A.deliciouslyB.being deliciousC.deliciousD.to be delicious考题 3What worried the child most wasto visit his mother in the hospital.A.his not allowingB.his not being allowedC.his being not allowedD.having not beenallowed考题 4leaning women in big cities usually.get_ by the hour.A.payB.payingC.paidD
24、.to pay考题 5 I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella.I got wet through.A.Its the reasonB.Thats whyC.Theres whyD.Its how7动名词用作表语。eg：Complimenting is lying恭维即是说谎。Is that asking so much?那是要求的高了吗?8分词用作表语。eg：Its surprising that you harent met真想不到你们未见过面。I was so moch surprised at it我对此事感到很惊讶。Im very pleas
25、ed with what he has done我对他所干的活很满意。I feel inclined to agree我倾向于同意。(be 或 feelinclined“倾向于”可看作是固定搭配)9介词短语用作表语。eg：she is in good health她很健康。They appear out of breath他们似乎喘不过气来了。The show is，tom seTden till ten演出时间为 7 点至 10 点。介词 of 表“具有”时，其短语亦常用作表语。eg：Im quite o，your opinion我完全同意你的意见。用心爱心专心-6-It appears o
26、f no value它似乎没有价值。引导表语的介词 of 还常后接 age，benefitbirth，charm，consequence，harm，importance，interestkind，nature，origin，quality，significance，stock，type 等。10从句用作表语。eg：Is that why you were angry?这就是你发怒的原因吗?This is what he means这就是他的意思。恃别提醒：(1)look，feel，come，sound，taste，smell，go 等系动词后用形容词作表语。(2)当从句作表语时，主语为 rea
27、son 时，从句的连接词为 that。eg：The reason is that he was 111原因是他病了。(3)不定式作表语时，当前面出现 do 的形式时，不定式符号 to 可以省略。eg：what I could do is(to)wait我所能做的只有等。考题 1 点拨；答案为 D。此题考查形容词的辨析和形容词作表语，根据 Its better to be sure than sorry可判断用 certain“确信”。句意为：“等到你更确信再做；确信了要比后悔好。”考题 2 点拨；答案为 c。考查 taste“尝起来”作系动词用，后接形容词作表语。句意为：“你觉得这汤可口吗?”
28、考题 3 点拨：答案为 B。考查动名词作表语，并且使用动名词的复合结构的否定形式。句意为：“使这孩子最担心的是，不允许他去医院探望他妈妈。”考题 4 点拨。答案为 c。考查过去分词作表语，get paid=be paid。句意为：“大城市里的清洁女工按小时获得报酬。”考题 5 点拨：答案为 B。考查表语从句，Thats why“这就是的原因”。句意为：“我既没拿雨衣又没带雨伞，这就是我全身湿透的原因。”总结提示：形容词，分词。动名词，从句作表语是高考考查表语的热点。IVIV专题探究专题探究 由点及面由点及面 由表及里由表及里专题探究：阅读理解答题技巧主旨大意概括题专题详解：这类试题主要考查把握
29、文章主题和概括中心思想的能力。它包括分析、归纳文章的段落大意、重要情节、人物特征、环境特点等能力。要求学生能较好地运用概念、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑方法，对短文或段落的主题、中心思想、标题或作者的写作目的作出正确的判断。命题人常常用下列设问方式：whats the main idea of the passage?(这篇文章的大意是什么?)The article is mainly aDout(这篇文章主要是关于)which is the best title of the passage?(这篇文章最好的标题是哪个?)whats the authors purpose?(作者的目的是什么?)寻
30、找主题句是解决此类问题的一个很好的方法。主题句作为一种概括性语句往往位于段首、段中或段尾其他内容都是围绕这一话题展开的。但在有些情况下，可能在文章中找不到现成的主题句，那么出现较多的、具有画龙点睛作用的单词、词组可视为主题句；或者，学生自己在吃透全文的情况下，进行总结概括。对于这类问题，学生的思维既不能过于空泛又不能过于狭窄。考题 1The Manhattan(New York City)telephone book is one of the largest of its kind in thenation.About 1,500,000 copies of this book are pr
31、inted each year.To make the paper of thebooks,43,00 trees are cut down.There are twenty-six columns of Smiths and twenty-three of Browns.If all the copies of this book were piled on top of each other,they would make a pile forty mileshigh.The subject of the paragraph isA.what the Manhattan phone boo
32、k.is likeB.where the Manhattan book is printedC.how many telephones are there in New York用心爱心专心-7-D.who printed the first phone book,考题 2Animal trainers praise and reward their animals when they do their tricks well.Theydo not like to strike the animals when theymake mistakes.They believe that the b
33、est way to trainanimals is by kindness.The main idea of the paragraph isA.animal trainers often praise their animalsB.animal trainers often reward their animalsC.animal trainers seldom strike their animalsD.animal trainers are sure the kindness is the best way to train animals考题 1 点拨：答案为 A。本段首句就是主题句
34、，即电话号码本的情况，然后以年印数 1，500，000 本，耗材 43，000 棵树，堆起来会有 40 英里高，采说明号码本之多。考题 2 点拨：答案为 D。驯兽员对做得好的动物进行表扬、奖赏，对犯错误的动物也不进行殴打，因此可以推断出训练的最好的方法是仁慈。尾句是该段的主题句。总结提示：抓住文章的中心，注意段落的首句或尾句。V V考题类型考题类型一网打尽一网打尽蓦然回首蓦然回首 灯火阑珊灯火阑珊回顾回顾 1 测试语法(典型例题)is your headache get-ting？-No,its worse.A.betterB.badC.lessD.well1A 点拨：考查形容词辨析。get+
35、形容词作表语;且根据后面答语“No，its worse”可知，问话人想知道“你的头疼好点了吗?”get better“好一点”，故选 A。回顾回顾 2 测试语法(典型例题)If it is quiteto you,I will visit you next Tuesday.A.convenientB.fairC.easyD.comfortahle2A 点拨：考查形容词词义辨析。根据题意：“如果你方便的话，下周二我去看望你”。convenient“方便的”。而 fair“公平的”，easy“容易的”，comfortable“舒适的”，均与题意不符。故选 A。回顾回顾 3 测试考点 2(典型例题
36、he way he did it was dif-ferentwe were used to.A.in whichB.in whatC.from whatD.from which3c 点拨：题意：“他做事情的方式与我们习惯做的不一样”。be different from“与不同”，为固定搭配。且 be used to 后面缺少宾语成分，故用 what 引导宾语从句。VIVI20112011 年高考题预测年高考题预测高瞻远瞩高瞻远瞩占尽先机占尽先机一、考情预测一、考情预测 年考情预测年考情预测预测 1：though预测根据：though 作为连词，是历年高考的重点，07 年的高考势必也会对其进行
37、考查。命题角度预测：though 作为连词的使用非常广泛，它引导让步状语从句。though 引导从句的语序可以用正常语序，也可以用倒装语序，但是 though 作“副词”用在句末，表示“不过，可是然而”，学生们对此不太熟悉，这正是高考命题者首选陷阱。预测 2：keep out，keep off，keep out of预测根据：动词短语的考查是历年高考题一定会涉及的一个知识点，侧重考查学生正确使用动词短语能力及在具体语境中分辨动词短语的能力。命题角度预测：其难点在于能否在不同的语境中，灵活运用相关短语。记住易混短语含义的同时，更重要的是在具体语境中正确选用，这常是命题者所设的陷阱。强测 3：wa
38、rn 的搭配及其用法预测根据：warn 是一个常用的词汇，其搭配也非常灵活，是一个常考的词汇。命题角度预测：对于 warn 的考查，通常考查 warn sb of sth，warn sb not to do sth；warn sb againstdoing sth等短语的考查，而不是后接双宾语。所以一定要弄清其搭配及其不同含义。用心爱心专心-8-预测 4：表语的考查预测根据：对英语中句子的一个成分表语的考查，主要表现在对系动词的考查上，这是每年高考必涉及的一个知识点。命题角度预测：对其考查主要集中在 feel，smell，tasie，sound，look 等系动词后的表语必须是形容词这是命题中
39、经常涉及的知识点。预测 5：表示“禁止”和“警告”的交际用语预测根据：以上两种功能意念项目历来是高考单项选择题考查的热点话题，近几年的高考听力题中也多有涉及。命题角度预测：此类交际用语的考查多数体现在 you mustnt，Youd better not do，look out/watthout/be careful 等用语的理解和使用上。预测 6：话题：“澳大利亚”澳大利亚也是一个说英语的国家，它的发展与英国、美国有很多的相似之处。考查一个国家的起源，历史，民族文化，风俗习惯一直是命题者所追寻的一个话题。这个话题的考查会在阅读理解部分出现，以一篇文章介绍澳大利亚的历史文化、地理位置、风俗习惯
40、等，题目设置有大意归纳、推理判断、细节理解等。二、二、考题预测考题预测 备考备考 1 测试考点测试考点 5The officer fired to warn the manforward.A.goB.goingC.against goingD.to going1 c 点拨：考查动词 warn 的用法。根据题意：“这个军官开枪来警告这个人不要再往前走”，warn sb notto do 或 warn sbagainst doing sth“警告某人不要干某事”。故选 C，而其他选项不符合语法搭配。备考备考 2 测试考点测试考点 1The bike Tom bought yesterdaythe
41、one Mary bought a month ago.A.the same asB.like C.as same asD.resembles2D 点拨：题意：。汤姆昨天买的自行车与玛丽一个月前买的一样”。resemble“和相似，和一样”，为动词，正好此句缺少一个谓语动词，而 A、B 两项作谓语动词，须添加助动词 be，故选 D。备考备考 3 测试考点测试考点 3Well hold a meeting after three oclock.Can youup the peoplepresent at the meeting?A.noticeB.informC.roundD.telephone
42、3c 点拨：题意：“下午三点我们要召开一个会议，你能把来参加会议的人召集一下吗”?“把召集起来；聚拢”应用 round up而 inform 表示“通知”应用inform sb of sth根据原题中 up，应选 C，而其他三项不与 up 连用。备考备考 4 测试考点测试考点 4Please shut the windows tothe cold in case we catch a cold.A.call outB.go outC.keep offD.keep out4D 点拨：考查动词短语辨析。call OUt“大声叫喊”，go out“出去”keep off躲开；隔开”，keepout“
43、把挡在外面”，由题意“请关上窗户，别让冷空气进来，以免我们感冒”可知，选 D。备考备考 5 测试考点测试考点 2They look alike,butthe way they,act.A.differ fromB.differs in C.is different inD.differ in5D 点拨：考查 differ 的用法。由题意“他们长得很像，但是在行事方面非常不一样”可知，“在方面不同”应用 be different in 或 differ in；而 be different from 或 differ from 表示“和不一样”，故选 D，而 c 项中的 is 与主语 they 矛
44、盾，B 项 differs 也应用 differ。备考备考 6 测试考点测试考点 7Which do youin your country,wheat or rice?A.feed onB.live onC.live byD.feed toB 点拨：根据题意：“在你们国家，你们是以大米还是小麦为生?”。live on“以为生”，而 feed on“以为主食”主语通常不用于人。feed to 一般表示“把喂给某人”，故选 B。备考备考 7 测试考点测试考点 6,the child couldnt recognize his mother at first sight.A.Having separ
45、ated for a long time用心爱心专心-9-B.Having been separated for a long timeC.Divided for a long timeD.To Separate for a long time7B 点拨：根据题意：“已经被分开很长时间了，这个小孩第一次见面没有认出他的妈妈”，separate 和the child 之间为动宾关系，且 separate 动作发生时间先于 recognize，故 separate 应用完成被动形式作状语。备考备考 8测试语法The dish smells,but tastes.A.well;badB.good;b
46、adlyC.good;badD.well;badly8c 点拨：考查系动词后面的表语形式。smell“闻起来taste“尝起来”后面接形容词作表语，故选 c。而其他选项中 badly 或 well 为副词，不能在此用作表语。备考备考 9高考新题型：阅读填空题AGAINSTAGAINST BUILDINGBUILDING A A MCDONALDSMCDONALDSI am Very worried about McDonalds building a restaurantin our hometown.We are a smallcommunity and we enjoy ourlocal
47、dishes.I am not sure if McDonalds food is as healthy as theysay in their advertisements.When scientists look at it care-fully they find high levels of fat,sugar and salt.This is very worrying.Too many young people are getting fat through eat-ing toomuch fatty food.McDonalds is not giving young peopl
48、e a good idea of what a healthy diet shouldbe.Local Chinesefood,on the other hand,is full of fresh vegetables and fresh meat and fish.Thefood at a McDonalds restaurant is always the same so I wonder if it is made or brought in fromelse-where.Although it is freshly cooked,it must be less healthy than
49、 our own locally grown andcooked Chinese food.I also worry about all those cars bringing people to buy food in McDonalds.First,therewould be petrol fumes(气体),which would make our clean air dirty.Second,there is the prob-lemof all those cars that try to park and prevent other cars from moving quickly
50、 through our town.Third,what will happen to allthe food containers if people decide to eat on the side of the roadjust out of town?Will they just throw them on the ground?Im sure many young people would be happy to work for McDonalds but will they be treated fairly(公平地)?In Ameri-ca,McDonalds does no