《(精品)现代大学英语精读4lesson3.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《(精品)现代大学英语精读4lesson3.ppt（34页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、Why Historians DisagreeAllen F.Davis&Harold D.Woodman Conflict and ConsensusRespectivelySingly in the order designated or mentioned Questions for considerationQuestions for consideration 1)What is history?The whole human past?The recorded 1)What is history?The whole human past?The recorded past?What
2、 historians write about the past?A record of past?What historians write about the past?A record of class struggles in the past?A collective human memory?A class struggles in the past?A collective human memory?A mirror to the present?A collection of interesting and mirror to the present?A collection
3、of interesting and instructive stories?Propaganda?A totally timeless instructive stories?Propaganda?A totally timeless objective science like physics and mathematics?objective science like physics and mathematics?2)What is a historian supposed to do?What would you say 2)What is a historian supposed
4、to do?What would you say are the most important characteristics of a good historian?are the most important characteristics of a good historian?3)Why do historians disagree?What controversies have 3)Why do historians disagree?What controversies have excited Chinese historians concerning either ancien
5、t or excited Chinese historians concerning either ancient or recent history?recent history?Introduction to the TextIntroduction to the TextThis is a much condensed and adapted version of This is a much condensed and adapted version of the preface to the book called the preface to the book called Con
6、flict and Conflict and ConsensusConsensus in in Modern American History Modern American History edited by edited by Allen F.Davis and Harold DAllen F.Davis and Harold DWoodmanWoodman，professors at Temple University and Purdue professors at Temple University and Purdue University respectivelyUniversi
7、ty respectively，who also wrote the who also wrote the introduction.introduction.Assumptions of New Historicism1.that there is no transhistorical or universal human essence and that human subjectivity is constructed by cultural codes which position and limit all of us in various and divided ways Hist
8、orians occupy subject positions that are socially and linguistically constructed,created by various discourses of a given culture Power relations show that society controls its members through constructing and defining what appear to be universal and natural truths Any universalizing or totalizing c
9、laims are questionable.We should focus rather on the specificities of a particular historical and cultural context.2.that there is no objectivity,that we experience the world in language,and that all our representations of the world,our readings of texts and of the past,are informed by our own histo
10、rical position,by the values and politics that are rooted in them emphasizing the necessity for self-awareness,we must be constantly aware of the difficulties of seeing the past except through the lenses and cultural constructs of the present.by way of(p1)by way of：through,by route of，e.g Taiwanese
11、planes can now fly from the mainland to Taiwan by way of Hong Kong or Macao“By way of”can also mean“as a means of”，eg He sent her some flowers by way of an apologyto be immersed in：to be completely covered or submerged in a liquid；to be deeply involved or absorbed Presumably:adv.(Pa.2)probably,suppo
12、sed to be true,likely by reasonable assumption although you are not certain1 It is raining heavily,which presumably means that their football match will be postponed.QAll this _ that he agrees to accept our proposal.Otherwise,there would be no ground for cooperation.A.assumes B.presumes C.presuppose
13、s D.surmiseC Assume:主观臆断often without real proof;power or responsibility;呈现出 a smile;假装 innocence;采用 a false name Presume:I to do我冒昧地，擅自;推测although not certain;认定，推定，意味着An accused man is d innocent until proven guilty.Presuppose:assuming one thing is true in order to continue with what you are sayin
14、g or thinking预先推测；以为先决条件Surmise:guess from the available evidence although not certain推测;猜测;疑惑Turn out to be (Pa.2)prove to be;1 turn out well/fine/all right/satisfactory etc.It was a difficult time,but everything turned out all right.2 turn out to ones+n.Please make sure that all the presents will
15、turn out to their satisfaction.3 turn out to be He turned out to be a teacher instead of a new student.4 As it turned out,Contend v.(Pa.2)1 contend with/against/for:struggle,be in rivalry or competitionThey contend with each other for the top prize while getting along well.2 argue,assertHe contends
16、at the meeting that the universe is expanding.QoThis experience opened a new _ in his mind.A.perspective B.prospect C.factor D.aspectPerspective:远景;a way of thinking视角,观点,想法Prospect:将要发生的事,预期展望,景色,视野,（成功）可能性,（经济）前景;堪察(for)(v.)Factor:因素;Aspect:one of the parts of sths character or nature方面;建筑物的方位;app
17、earance or quality 外观,面貌BCan not help but do sth(p3)ocannothelpbutdo cannotbutdo candonothingbutdo cannotdoanythingbutdo 但是：haveno choice/alternativebuttodo take sth.for granted:(Pa4)regard it as true or certain to happen 1 His parents take his success in the contest for granted.Take sb.for granted:
18、treat his presence and actions as a due rather than a favorWhat is history?百家讲坛 于丹 论语心得oCCTV Hundred Rostrums”is calling for an increased awareness of traditional Chinese culture.How do you comment on the craze of Chinese classics?oHow do you like Prof.Yudan?oConfucianism:Confucius,Chinese philosoph
19、er whose Analects contain a collection of his sayings and dialogues compiled by disciples after his death.oTaoism:Zhuangzi and Laozi-two famous scholars of Taoism in ancient ChinaAdmittedly adv.(Pa7):saying sth which weakens the importance or force of your statement He is admittedly a scholar.(witho
20、ut denial,by general admission)Crude adj.(Pa7)1 not refined or manufactured 未提炼的，粗糙的crude oil crude ore2 not having grace,taste or refinement粗鄙/粗鲁的crude manner3 not finished properly;badly worked out 粗制滥造的，不完善的BThe _ parties were due,once again,to try to settle their differences.So a temporary cease
21、fire is ordered.A.aggressive B.belligerent C.combative D.contentiousBelligerent:hostile and aggressive好斗敌对;warring countries or groups交战国Aggressive:behaving in a forceful way because of an eager to succeed咄咄逼人Combative:aggressive and eager to fight or argueContentious:a issue causes a lot of disagre
22、ement or arguments;World War I(1914-1918)oWoodrow WilsonZimmerman Note Pa 8 A coded communique from the German foreign Secretary,Arthur Zimmerman to the German minister in Mexico on Jan.19,1917,which is intercepted and decoded by British navy intelligence.In that Pa.9 since,becauseThe increase of in
23、come tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.Take.into account/take account of.(Pa.9):note or consider;pay attention to 1 Youd better take all factors into account before making your decision.2 When seeking a job,he is likely to take account of his parents opinion.St
24、em from(Pa.9)arise from;develop as a result of sth.else(not in continuous aspect不用进行时)1 His headaches stemmed from vision problems.2 Much of the instability stems from the economic effects of the war.Concern oneself with/in/about(Pa.9)be busy with,interest oneself in1 He loves his wife,and concerns
25、himself with her needs and desires.2 As a fan of the football player Yao Ming,he concerns himself in every account of him.To whom it may concernBe concerned for/about sb./sth.:worry,trouble,botherSo/As far as is/are concernedDisproportionate adj.(Pa.10)out of proportion,relatively too large or small
26、,etc.1 School students tend to give disproportionate time to games.2 The railway workers in New York were on strike because their pay is disproportionate to their work.Be destined for sth./to do sth.(Pa.13)decoded in advance or by fate1 He was a soliders son and was destined from birth for the army.
27、2 Deep in love as they were,they were destined never to meet again.ooSummarySummaryooIt should be noted that although this essay is about why It should be noted that although this essay is about why historians differ in their opinions,actually the basic views historians differ in their opinions,actu
28、ally the basic views can also be used to explain why people disagree generallycan also be used to explain why people disagree generallyAnd to understand why people disagree is the first And to understand why people disagree is the first necessary step toward learning to deal with themnecessary step
29、toward learning to deal with themThis is This is particularly important today because We are confronted particularly important today because We are confronted with an information explosion and surrounded by people with an information explosion and surrounded by people who are trying to influence our
30、 thinking for their own selfish who are trying to influence our thinking for their own selfish reasonsreasons oo This is a piece of expository writing.The language used is This is a piece of expository writing.The language used is a little formala little formal，with impersonal structureswith imperso
31、nal structures，long sentences long sentences and formal wordsand formal words，which are typical of academic writingwhich are typical of academic writing TEM 4 1998oIt is now generally accepted that vehicles(cars,trucks,etc.)are a major source of air pollution in cities.You are to suggest only ONE wa
32、y to solve the problem.oWrite on answer sheet a composition of about 200 words on the following topic:oONE WAY TO SOLVE THE PROBLEMoPro-BritishoGarrisonoArtifactoBelligerentoHaberdasheroFoolproofoInterceptionoDiametricallyoCut-and-driedoExhilaratingoDisproportionateoDeemoValidityoSubmarineoPremiseoproximate