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1、Direct speech 直接引语和间接引语直接引语和间接引语&indirect speech 引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式:一一.原封不动地引用原话原封不动地引用原话,把它放在括号把它放在括号内内,这叫直接引语这叫直接引语(Direct speech);二二.用自己的话加以转述用自己的话加以转述,这叫间接引这叫间接引语语(Indirect speech).直接引直接引语语(变变化前化前)间间接引接引语语(变变化后化后)陈陈述句述句Jane said,“Im very fond of traveling.”that引引导导的的宾语宾语从句从句Jane said
2、 that she was very fond of traveling.直接引直接引语语(变变化前化前)间间接引接引语语(变变化后化后)一般疑一般疑问问句句“Is this your umbrella,Mary?”asked John.whether/if 引引导导的的宾宾语语从句从句John asked Mary if that was her umbrella.直接引直接引语语(变变化前化前)间间接引接引语语(变变化后化后)特殊疑特殊疑问问句句“Mary,when will you return me the book?”asked John.wh-词词引引导导的的宾语宾语从句从句Joh
3、n asked Mary when she would return him the book.由直接引由直接引语转变为间语转变为间接引接引语语,有有时时会引会引时时态态的的变变化化,注意以下几个方面注意以下几个方面:直接引直接引语语(变变化前化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词为动词为一般一般现现在在时时或或现现在完成在完成时时She often says,“All men and women are equal under the law.”从句动词时态不变从句动词时态不变She often says that all men and women are equal unde
4、r the law.直接引直接引语语(变变化前化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词动词为为一一般般过过去去时时引引导动词为导动词为:从句从句动词动词时态时态相相应应变变化化从句从句动词变为动词变为:一般一般现现在在时时“I know it,”he said.一般一般过过去去时时He said that he knew it.直接引直接引语语(变变化前化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词动词为为一一般般过过去去时时引引导动词为导动词为:从句从句动词动词时态时态相相应应变变化化从句从句动词变为动词变为:现在进行时现在进行时“Im making coffee for yo
5、u all,”she said.过去进行时过去进行时She said she was making coffee for us all.直接引直接引语语(变变化前化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词动词为为一一般般过过去去时时引引导动词为导动词为:从句从句动词动词时态时态相相应应变变化化从句从句动词变为动词变为:现在完成时现在完成时“I have seen her before,”said he.过去完成时过去完成时He said he had seen her before.直接引直接引语语(变变化前化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词动词为为一一般般过过去去时时
6、引引导动词为导动词为:从句从句动词动词时态时态相相应应变变化化从句从句动词变为动词变为:一般过去时一般过去时“I saw her last Monday,”he said.过去完成时过去完成时He said he had seen her the previous Monday.直接引直接引语语(变变化前化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词动词为为一一般般过过去去时时引引导动词为导动词为:从句从句动词动词时态时态相相应应变变化化从句从句动词变为动词变为:过去完成时过去完成时“Do you know Rick had been ill in bed for many days ti
7、ll he died?”Jack asked.过去完成时过去完成时Jack asked if I knew Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died.直接引直接引语语(变变化前化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)主句主句动词动词为为一一般般过过去去时时引引导动词为导动词为:从句从句动词动词时态时态相相应应变变化化从句从句动词变为动词变为:一般将来时一般将来时He said:“We shall start tomorrow.”过去将来时过去将来时He said they would start the next day.直直接接引引
8、语语变变间间接接引引语语时时,时时态态要要发发生生变变化化:一般现在时一般现在时现在完成时现在完成时现在进行时现在进行时一般将来时一般将来时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去进行时过去进行时过去将来时过去将来时过去完成时过去完成时由直接引语转变为间接引语由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况下列情况时态不变时态不变:1.不变的真理不变的真理 The teacher said to the students,“Water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.”The teacher told the students t
9、hat water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.2.经常的习惯：经常的习惯：He said to the doctor,“I smoke two packs every day.”He told the doctor that he smokes two packs every day.3.历史事件：历史事件：The teacher said,“World War ended in 1945.”The teacher said that World War ended in 1945.4.部分情态动词部分情态动词,如如must,ough
10、t to,used to,had better等：等：She said to me:“You must hurry up.”She said that I must hurry up.由直接引由直接引语转变为间语转变为间接引接引语语,下列代下列代词词、形容形容词词、副、副词词、动词动词等可能要等可能要变变化化直接引直接引语语间间接引接引语语thisthesenowagotodaytomorrowthatthosethenBefore/earlierthat daythe next/following day直接引直接引语语间间接引接引语语the day after tomorrowyester
11、daylast nightthe day before yesterdaycomeherein two days timethe day beforethe night beforetwo days before/earliergothere1.“I like reading adventure stories,”said John.John said that he liked reading adventure stories.2.“I dont like computers,”Sarah said to her friend.Sarah told her friends that she
12、 didnt like computers.Exercise IExercise I3.“Ann,have you seen my blue notebook?”Peter asked.Peter asked Ann if she had seen his blue notebook.4.“How can you do that?”Mary said to Ann.Mary asked Ann how she could do that.5.“What difference does it make?”Peter asked Jim.Peter asked Jim what differenc
13、e it made.1.Jack said to me,“You look worried today.”Jack told me that _ worried _.A.he lookstoday B.you looktoday C.we lookedthat day D.I lookedthat dayExercise IIExercise II2.We said to her,“Theyre walking through the street now.”We told her that _ through the street _.A.we were walkingthen B.you
14、are walkingnow C.they were walkingthen D.they walkingnow 3.Mr Black said,“I have walked a long way this week.”Mr Black said that _ a long way _.A.I had walkedlast week B.he had walkedthat week C.I walkedlast week D.he has walkedthis week4.The man thought,“I shall take it back tomorrow.”The man thoug
15、ht that _ take it back _.A.I shalltomorrow B.I shallthe next day C.he shouldtomorrow D.he would the next day 5.They said to us,“Are you afraid to leave this house?”They asked us _ afraid to leave _ house.A.that were wethis B.that we werethat C.if were we this D.if we werethat6.Jane said,“What did he
16、 hear about a week ago?”Jane asked _ about _.A.that he hearda week ago B.what he had heardthe week before C.what he had herd a week ago D.if he heardthe week ago7.She asked,“Whose house will he break into next time?”She asked whose house _ break into _.A.will henext time B.would hethe next time C.he
17、 wouldthe next time D.he willnext time 8.Jack said to her,“Where do you spend your holidays?”Jack asked her where _ holidays.A.she spent her B.you spend your C.she spend her D.you spent your9.Black asked me,“Why havent you left here yet?”Black asked me why _ yet.A.I hadnt left there B.I havent left here C.hadnt I left there D.havent I left here 10.The teacher asked her,“Does the sun rise in the east?”The teacher asked her _ the sun _ in the east.A.ifrise B.ifrises C.whetherrose D.whether did rise