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1、XML技術在企業間商業電子化的探討技術在企業間商業電子化的探討Ching-Long Yeh 葉慶隆Department of Computer Science and EngineeringTatung Universitychingyehcse.ttu.edu.tw(msn)http:/www.cse.ttu.edu.tw/chingyeh2021/9/121XML&EBContentsWWW and its extensionsXML and ProtocolWeb Service ArchitectureEBSWElectronic Business ArchitectureRosett
2、aNet2021/9/122XML&EBWWW and Its ExtensionWWWHTML,HTTPMainly man-machine interactionElectronic Business(EB)Common Business Processes Standard messages in XMLAP-2-AP interactionMeta-model:ebXMLSemantic Web ServicesRDFOntology:OWLWeb Services automation Discovery,invocation,composition,monitoring2021/9
3、/123XML&EBInformationPoolWWWHTTP(Hyper Text Transport Protocol)HTML(Hyper Text Markup Language)URL(Uniform Resource Locator)Web serverApplicationClientHTTPURLHTML DocumentHuman-to-machine interactionSearch engine2021/9/124XML&EBInformationPoolInteractions Using XMLXML(eXtensible Markup Language)SOAP
4、(Simple Object Access Protocol)SOAP serverApplicationHTTPXML DocumentMachine-to-machine interaction Service automationSOAP serverApplicationInformationPoolXML Document2021/9/125XML&EBWeb Services ArchitectureA Service Oriented ArchitectureA Service Oriented Architecture2021/9/126XML&EBAn Inroduction
5、 to XML2021/9/127XML&EB文件的結構、內容、及格式文件的結構、內容、及格式文件的結構是指文件組成成分組合的方式如一篇文章的章節段落請購單的欄位資料腳踏車組合手冊的簡介、組合程序、零件表、故障排除、索引等文件的內容是指文件內實際的資料如腳踏車組合手冊的文字、圖表等文件的格式是指將文件組成成分以一種視覺效果呈現給讀者如黑體字、斜體字、內縮、段落加寬、表格等文件結構和文件格式容易混淆2021/9/128XML&EBPRODUCT ADVISORYNumber:146Type:PartsDate:8/15/95Subject:Revised Replacement Parts.Mo
6、del 501 User Replaceable PartsThe parts list identified in the AnyCorp Model 501.New Parts List 1.345-234(Filter,cooling fan)2.148-745(Fuse,power:1.5amp)3.Product AdvisoryNumber:146Type:PartsDate:8/15/95Revised:Subject:Revised Replacement.Model 501 User-Replaceable PartsThe parts list identified in
7、the.New Parts List1.345-234(Filter,cooling fan)2.148-745(Fuse,power:1.5amp)3.文件的結構、內容、及格式文件的結構、內容、及格式2021/9/129XML&EB文件的結構、內容、及格式文件的結構、內容、及格式MS Word著重文件格式之處理以格式功能將文件結構以視覺效果呈現給讀者人讀的懂，但電腦不易得知文件的內容HTML文件係將格式以標記形式安插在文件中，加上Internet功能利用瀏覽器以視覺效果呈現給讀者，方便在網路上航行其呈現效果與Word文件類似XML是一種標記語言。XML文件中的標記是用來表示文件中的結構資訊2
8、021/9/1210XML&EB2021/9/1211XML&EB2021/9/1212XML&EBHTML 與與 XML的比較的比較HTMLSGML在Internet上的應用一種資料呈現的技術不具擴充性的標記XMLSGML的精簡版+Internet功能表現文件內容與結構可依所需自訂標記(meta-language)2021/9/1213XML&EB為什麼使用為什麼使用XMLXML可以表現文件內豐富的結構資訊，有利於網路上的應用HTML受制於固定的標記，無法表達各式各樣的結構SGML可以表達各式各樣的結構，但太複雜，製作成本高，不實用2021/9/1214XML&EBXML小歷史小歷史1996
9、年在西雅圖的集會中，SGML專家探討如何結合SGML與webSun Microsystems的Jon Bosak領導朝兩個方向討論1.以 HTML作為資訊格式的不足之處2.SGML作為web應用標準的缺失“SGML on web”activity,07/1996開始調適SGML成為合適於web10/02/1998 XML 1.0誕生2021/9/1215XML&EBXML的目標的目標1.便於在Internet上使用2.支援各種應用3.與SGML相容4.易於寫程式處理XML文件5.降低選擇性的特徵(features)6.人讀的懂7.XML的設計要迅速8.XML的設計要清楚和正規(formal)9
10、.XML文件製作容易10.簡潔性並非重要考慮因素2021/9/1216XML&EBXML應用應用Electronic commerceElectronic data interchange(EDI)Fine-grain content publishingInternet search enginesDistributed application designetc.2021/9/1217XML&EB2021/9/1218XML&EBXML FundamentalsSource:http:/www.ibiblio.org/xml/slides/sd2001east/fundamentals/X
11、ML_Fundamentals.html2021/9/1219XML&EBWhat is XML?Extensible Markup LanguageA syntax for documents A Meta-Markup LanguageA Structural and Semantic language,not a formatting languageNot just for Web pages2021/9/1220XML&EBExtensible Markup LanguageLanguage It has a grammarIt has a vocabulary(sort of)It
12、 can be parsed by machinesMarkup LanguageIt says what things are;not what they doIt is not a programming languageIt is not compiledExtensible You can add words to the language2021/9/1221XML&EBXML is a Meta Markup LanguageNot like HTML,troff,LaTeXMake up the tags you need as you need themThe tags you
13、 create can be documented in a Document Type Definition(DTD)A meta syntax for domain-specific markup languages like MusicML,MathML,and XHTML2021/9/1222XML&EBXML ApplicationsA specific markup language that uses the XML meta-syntax is called an XML applicationDifferent XML applications have their own
14、more constricted syntaxes and vocabularies within the broader XML syntaxFurther syntax can be layered on top of this;e.g.data typing through schemas2021/9/1223XML&EBXML describes structure and semantics,not formattingXML documents form a treeDocument Object Model(DOM)Element and attribute names refl
15、ect the kind of the elementDTD,SchemaFormatting can be added with a style sheetCascading Style Sheets(CSS)Extensible Stylesheet language(XSL)2021/9/1224XML&EBXML HypertextA Uniform Resource Identifier(URI)names or locates a resource An XLink defines connections between two or more documents identifi
16、ed by URIsXPath identifies particular nodes within a documentAn XPointer adds an XPath to a URIXBase defines the URI against which relative URIs are resolved XInclude embeds a document identified by a URI inside an XML document.2021/9/1225XML&EBA Song Description in HTMLHot Cop by Jacques Morali,Hen
17、ri Belolo,and Victor WillisProducer:Jacques MoraliPublisher:PolyGram RecordsLength:6:20Written:1978Artist:Village People2021/9/1226XML&EBA Song Description in XML Hot Cop Jacques Morali Henri Belolo Victor Willis Jacques Morali PolyGram Records 6:20 1978 Village People2021/9/1227XML&EBStyle Sheets P
18、rovide Formatting(CSS)SONG display:block;font-family:New York,Times New Roman,serifTITLE display:block;font-size:24pt;font-weight:bold;font-family:Helvetica,sansCOMPOSER display:blockPRODUCER display:blockYEAR display:blockPUBLISHER display:blockLENGTH display:blockARTIST display:block;font-style:it
19、alic2021/9/1228XML&EBAttaching Style Sheets to DocumentsAttaching Style Sheets to Documents Hot Cop Jacques Morali Henri Belolo Victor Willis Jacques Morali PolyGram Records 6:20 1978 Village People2021/9/1229XML&EBAn XSLT Stylesheet(Part 1)Song 2021/9/1230XML&EBAn XSLT Stylesheet(Part 2)by the Leng
20、th:Producer:Publisher:Year:Composer:2021/9/1231XML&EBTransforming the Document Song Hot Cop by the Village People Length:6:20 Producer:Jacques Morali Publisher:PolyGram Records Year:1978 Composer:Jacques Morali Composer:Henri Belolo Composer:Victor Willis XSLT Processor(IE 5)XSL document(template ru
21、les)XML documentOutput2021/9/1232XML&EBA DTD for Songs2021/9/1233XML&EBWell-formednessRules:Open and close all tagsEmpty tags end with/There is a unique root elementElements may not overlapAttribute values are quoted and&are only used to start tags and entitiesOnly the five predefined entity referen
22、ces are usedPlus more.2021/9/1234XML&EBValidityTo be valid an XML document must be1.Well-formed2.Must have a Document Type Definition(DTD)3.Must comply with the constraints specified in the DTD2021/9/1235XML&EBXML NamespacesXML namespaces are akin to namespaces,packages,and modules in programming la
23、nguagesDisambiguation of tag and attribute names from different XML applications(“spaces”)through different prefixesA prefix is separated from the local name by a“:”,obtaining prefix:name tagsNamespaces constitute a layer on top of XML 1.0,since prefix:name is again a valid tag name and namespace bi
24、ndings are ignored by some tools2021/9/1236XML&EBNamespace BindingsPrefixes are bound to namespace URIs by attaching an xmlns:prefix attribute to the prefixed element or one of its ancestors,prefix:name1,.,prefix:namenThe value of the xmlns:prefix attribute is a URI,which may or(unlike for DTDs!)may
25、 not point to a description of the namespaces syntaxAn element can use bindings for multiple name-spaces via attributes xmlns:prefix1,.,xmlns:prefixm 2021/9/1237XML&EBTwo-Namespace Example:Snail-Mail Snail-Mail and Telecoms Address Partsand Telecoms Address Parts Xaver M.Linde Wikingerufer 7 10555 B
26、erlin 12.50 030/1234567 030/1234568 030/1234569 76.20bill disambiguation through mail and tele prefixes 2021/9/1238XML&EBXML Protocol:SOAP2021/9/1239XML&EB SterlingVommerce SmallCo Purchase Order bbc006751 Small Co Enterprise 123456789-0456 John Adams 214-340-1234 A SOAP Message2021/9/1240XML&EBElec
27、tronic BusinessMessage servicesBusiness processesCompany ACompany BMessage servicesBusiness processesERPERP2021/9/1241XML&EBSemantic WebThe Semantic Web is an extension of the current web in which information is given well-defined meaning,better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation.-
28、Tim Berners-Lee,James Hendler,Ora Lassila,The Semantic Web,Scientific American,May 2001 If HTML and the Web made all the online documents look like one huge book,RDF,schema,and inference languages will make all the data in the world look like one huge database.-Tim Berners-Lee,Weaving the Web,1999 2
29、021/9/1242XML&EBSemantic WebFrom a Web of Documents.toward a Web of data and programs that is:Meaningful on Everything for Everyone.and Interoperable,Safe,Evolvable 2021/9/1243XML&EBThe Big Picture The Big Picture of SWof SW2021/9/1244XML&EBThe Metadata Layer of the Semantic WebThe Metadata Layer of
30、 the Semantic Web2021/9/1245XML&EBElectronic Business Architectures 2021/9/1246XML&EB前言前言電子商務的發展從提供型錄式資訊服務的電子商店(B2C)，演進到企業間(B2B)商業處理自動化。企業間商業標準架構應運而生，RosettaNet、ebXML。Message servicesBusiness processesCompany ACompany BMessage servicesBusiness processesERPERP2021/9/1247XML&EB不用網際網路的商業情節不用網際網路的商業情節郵遞
31、系統郵遞系統Company ACompany B傳真傳真 電話電話Company ACompany B2021/9/1248XML&EB以瀏覽器為基礎的企業間電子商務以瀏覽器為基礎的企業間電子商務Web serverCompany AERPCompany B顧客端顧客端2021/9/1249XML&EB程式對程式交談的企業間電子商務程式對程式交談的企業間電子商務Message ServicesBusiness processesCompany ACompany BMessage ServicesBusiness processesERPERP2021/9/1250XML&EB企業間電子商務概念
32、圖企業間電子商務概念圖2021/9/1251XML&EBB2B EC 演進演進EDIBusiness process and document integration2021/9/1252XML&EBB2B EC標準架構標準架構商業處理層標準商業流程及商業文件訊息服務層提供安全、可靠的溝通管道，以實現上層的商業交談商業處理層商業處理層訊息服務層訊息服務層B2B ECB2B EC標準架構標準架構各種標準水平整合:ebXML產業垂直整合:RosettaNet(資訊技術、電子零組件、及半導體製造業)2021/9/1253XML&EBThe ebXML Framework at Work2021/9/
33、1254XML&EBPhases in the Use of the ebXML FrameworkPhases in the Use of the ebXML FrameworkThe implementation phase2021/9/1255XML&EBPhases in the Use of the ebXML FrameworkPhases in the Use of the ebXML FrameworkThe discovery phase2021/9/1256XML&EBPhases in the Use of the ebXML FrameworkPhases in the
34、 Use of the ebXML FrameworkThe runtime phase2021/9/1257XML&EBComponents of the ebXML FrameworkComponents of the ebXML FrameworkDefining how public business-process must be described using the ebXML BPSS standard.Defining the semantics of business documents that are exchanged in public processes usin
35、g ebXMLs Core Component(ebCC)standard.Definition of services and the constraints in using the services using Collaboration Protocol Profile(CPP)defined in the ebXML CPPA standard.Description of the mutual agreement between the business partners Collaboration Protocol Agreement(CPA)to carry out the p
36、ublic business process.The schema for a CPA is also defined by ebXML CPPA standard.Protocols for registering,storing,and retrieving public business processes and associated business documents,and CPPs using the ebXML Registry standard.A standard way to send and receive messages between business part
37、ners,as defined in the ebXML Message specification.2021/9/1258XML&EBRosettaNet2021/9/1259XML&EBBackgroundRosettaNet A non-profit consortiumMore than 500 members Founded in February 1998,including Computer and Consumer Electronics(CCE),Electronic Components(EC),Semiconductor Manufacturing(SM)Telecomm
38、unications(TC)industriesthe Logistics(LG)and Solution Provider(SP)communities Open e-business standards and servicesBreaking language barriers and establishing a global language for e-businessCompanies can realize the full potential of the digital economy,highly effective trading networks,operationa
39、l efficiencies and new business opportunities2021/9/1260XML&EBRosettaNet的技術概念的技術概念Trading Partner備妥備妥內容內容放入信封放入信封送出送出交易夥伴交易夥伴(A公司公司)Trading Partner收文收文解開信封解開信封處理內容處理內容交易夥伴交易夥伴(B公司公司)2021/9/1261XML&EBRosettaNet標準內容為何標準內容為何RosettaNet標準是集合高科技公司的專業知識，共創而成的非獨占性的電子商務方案，其內容包括商業訊息及程序規範RosettaNet Partner Int
40、erface Processes(PIPs)商業及技術字典 RosettaNet Business Dictionary、RosettaNet Technical Dictionary下層技術服務架構RosettaNet Implementation Framework(RNIF)以上標準規範可由www.rosettanet.org取得2021/9/1262XML&EB技術構件技術構件PIP整合式的商業程序，其中規範了商業文件的結構及格式參與商業活動的交易夥伴的活動、決策、及角色扮演2021/9/1263XML&EB技術構件技術構件PIP分類方式是依照高階商業功能(cluster)及次功能(s
41、egment)而訂Cluster 3:Order ManagementSegment A:Quote and Order EntrySegment C:Returns and FinanceSegment B:Transportation and DistributionPIP 3A1-Provide QuotePIP 3A2-Query Price and AvailabilityPIP 3A3-Transfer Shopping CartPIP 3A4-Manage Purchase OrderPIP 3A5-Query Order StatusPIP 3A6-Distribute Ord
42、er Status2021/9/1264XML&EBPIP ClassificationClustersClustersCluster 0:RosettaNet Support Cluster 1:Partner Product and Service Review Cluster 2:Product Information Cluster 3:Order Management Cluster 4:Inventory Management Cluster 5:Marketing Information Management Cluster 6:Service and Support Clust
43、er 7:Manufacturing 2021/9/1265XML&EBPIP 2A2 Query Product InformationPIP 2A2 Query Product Information Business Process Model Business Process Model2021/9/1266XML&EBPIP 3A4 Request Purchase Order PIP 3A4 Request Purchase Order Business Process ModelBusiness Process Model2021/9/1267XML&EB技術構件技術構件PIPP
44、IP規範是可供下載的.zip檔放在rosettanet網站，內容包括規格書(.doc)+勘誤表XML DTD說明商業文件的結構內容訊息使用說明編碼、定義、訊息出現次數2021/9/1268XML&EB技術構件技術構件PIP規範是遵循Open-EDI Reference Model(ISO/IEC 14662)的概念制定而成，包括商業運作觀點(Business Operational View,BOV)以商業角度看待商業交易功能服務觀點(Functional Service View,FSV)以技術角度看待商業交易製作架構觀點(Implementation Framework View,IFV)
45、RosettaNet下層技術服務製作的架構2021/9/1269XML&EBPIP BOV2021/9/1270XML&EBTable 3-3:Business Activity Performance ControlsActivity NameAcknowledgmentof ReceiptTime to Acknowledge AcceptanceTime to PerformRetry CountIs Authorization Required?Non-Repudiation of Origin and Content?Non-Repudiation Required?Time to
46、AcknowledgeBuyerCreate Purchase OrderY2hr24hr24hr3YYBuyerCancel Purchase OrderY2hr24hr24hr3YYBuyerRevise Purchase OrderY2hr24hr24hr3YYRole NamePIPPIPTMTM3A4 3A4 在在在在BOVBOV下的程序控制下的程序控制下的程序控制下的程序控制2021/9/1271XML&EB :Buyer 1.request(:PurchaseOrderRequestAction)1.1.signal(:ReceiptAcknowledgement)2.respo
47、nse(:PurchaseOrderAcceptanceAction)2.1.signal(:ReceiptAcknowledgement):SellerPurchase Order Request DialogPIPPIPTMTM3A4 FSV3A4 FSV下的商業交易對話下的商業交易對話下的商業交易對話下的商業交易對話2021/9/1272XML&EBPurchase Order Request DialogTable 5 1:Business Message and Communications Specification#Business Message GuidelineDigita
48、l Signature Required?SSL Required?1.Purchase Order Request GuidelineYY1.1 Receipt Acknowledgement GuidelineYY2.Purchase Order Acceptance GuidelineYY2.1Receipt Acknowledgement GuidelineYYPIPPIPTMTM3A4 IFV3A4 IFV2021/9/1273XML&EBPIPPIPTMTM3A4 XML DTD3A4 XML DTD!ELEMENT PurchaseOrder(deliverTo?,comment
49、?,GlobalPurchaseOrderStatusCode,2021/9/1274XML&EBPIP摘要摘要Trading Partner備妥備妥內容內容放入信封放入信封送出送出交易夥伴交易夥伴Trading Partner收文收文解開信封解開信封處理內容處理內容交易夥伴交易夥伴PIP規定一個特定商業活動商規定一個特定商業活動商業文件的結構及格式業文件的結構及格式商業文件表示成商業文件表示成XML文件文件PIP也規定交易夥伴間交也規定交易夥伴間交換文件的協定換文件的協定2021/9/1275XML&EB技術構件技術構件字典字典Trading Partner備妥備妥內容內容放入信封放入信封送
50、出送出交易夥伴交易夥伴Trading Partner收文收文解開信封解開信封處理內容處理內容交易夥伴交易夥伴字典字典字典字典2021/9/1276XML&EB標準碼及字典標準碼及字典交易夥伴識別號(DUNS)產品識別號產品編號(GTIN)產品分類(UN/SPSC)產品說明(Dictionaries)2021/9/1277XML&EB標準碼及字典的使用時機標準碼及字典的使用時機交易夥伴識別號(DUNS)PIPsTM 用來識別交易夥伴及其位址產品識別號(GTIN)PIPs用來識別產品產品識別號(UN/SPSC)產品資訊類的PIP(Cluster 2)用其來當作類別代號2021/9/1278XML&