《幻灯片1(2).ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《幻灯片1(2).ppt（46页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、An Irish writerHe is a master satirist;even today He is a master satirist;even today he is still regarded as a national he is still regarded as a national hero in Irelandhero in IrelandHe is one of greatest masters of He is one of greatest masters of English prose;English prose;Literary positionFamo
2、us sayingsFair LIBERTY was all his cry;for her he stood prepared to die.-On the Death of Dr.SwiftProper words in proper places,make the true definition of a style.生平简介生平简介 乔纳森斯威夫特（Jonathan Swift，16671745）生于爱尔兰都柏林的一个贫苦家庭。他父亲是定居爱尔兰的英格兰人，早在他出生前七个月就已去世。斯威夫特由叔父抚养长大，就读于著名的都柏林三一学院（以天主教的“三位一体”命名）。十五岁时就读于都柏林
3、三一学院，获学士学位。1688年，斯威夫特前往英国，做了穆尔庄园主人威廉邓波尔爵士的私人秘书，直到1699年邓波尔去世。在他担任秘书期间，阅读了大量古典文学名著。结束结束晚年的斯威夫特内心十分孤独，只限于和屈指可数的几个朋友交往。他将自己积蓄的三分之一用于各种慈善事业，用另三分之一的收入为弱智者盖了一所圣帕特里克医院。斯威夫特晚景凄凉。他年幼就就患脑病，晚年耳聋头痛日益加剧，最后几年精神失常，时常昏睡。这位杰出的讽刺作家于1745年10月19日逝世。终年78岁，葬于圣帕特里克大教堂。Swifts worksA Tale of a Tub(1679)一只桶的故事 The Battle of th
4、e Books(1697)书籍之战 The Drapiers Letter(1724)布商的来信 A Modest Proposal一个温和的建议 Gullivers Travels(1726)格里佛游记Pamphlets on IrelandSwifts pamphlets on Ireland form a very important part of his works.They have now become part of classic English literature.Swifts life in Ireland gave him an intimate knowledge
5、of the miserable condition of the Irish people.Two of the most famous ones are“The Drapers Letters”(1724)and“A Modest Proposal”(1730).SatirenA common form of the 18th Century,basically the ridiculing of any objects through laughter which will soften the blow nDifferent types and degrees:light or har
6、shsatire(名)讽刺文学,讽刺 n讽刺是一种文学手法，用于暴露对象的缺点和可笑之处，常采用夸张或反讽（irony）等方式，从而产生幽默的效果。当然也可以用拙劣模仿,作戏,并列,对比,类似,类推等也经常用于讽刺手法中。n如果说反话（反讽）就是讽刺的话，是一个很大的错误。严格来说，讽刺（satire）是一种俗称类型；而反讽（irony）则是一种比较具体的修饰手法 Gullivers Travels By Jonathan SwiftIntroduction Swifts greatest satire Gullivers Travels,is written in 1726,the book
7、 has not lost its significance to the present day and can be justly ranked among the best novel of world literature.Gullivers Travels serves as a biting satire,and Swift ensures that it is both humorous and critical,constantly attacking British and European society through its descriptions of imagin
8、ary countries.Plot and Major Characters Written in the form of a travel journal,Gullivers Travels is the fictional account of four extraordinary voyages made by Lemuel Gulliver,a physician who signs on to serve as a ships surgeon when he is unable to provide his family with a sufficient income in Lo
9、ndon.Gulliver makes voyages,which are described in the four parts of the book.小人国马国飞岛大人国(5)Gullivers Travels格林佛游记格林佛游记1726 Lilliput(小人国小人国)a satire on the Tories&the WhigsBrobdingnag(大人国大人国)a satire on English lords and ladiesFlying Island（飞岛）（飞岛）a satire on corrupted philosopherscountry of horses(马
10、岛马岛)a satire on the conflicts of English society and peopleFirst voyage-Lilliput On the very first voyage,Gulliver is shipwrecked.Of all the ships crew he alone survives.He swims to the shore of a strange land,inhabited by Lilliputians,the tallest of whom is six inches high.When bending my eyes down
11、ward as much as I could,I perceived a human not six inches high!The king of lilliputLittle by little he gets used to their life and even takes part in the war with the neighbouring state of Blefuseu.Treason叛国罪Major themesThe first voyage has been interpreted as an allegorical satire of the political
12、 events of the early eighteenth century,a commentary on the moral state of England.The war with the tiny neighboring island represents Englands rivalry between Whigs and Tories.Second voyage-Brobdingnag Gulliver finally escapes Lilliput and returns briefly to England before a second voyage takes him
13、 to Brobdingnag.While on shore,Gulliver is captured by giants,each of whom is the size of a water-tower.On the whole,the Brobdingnagians are good-natured creatures,and they treat Gulliver kindly,though they are amused by his tiny size and looked upon him as a plaything.Gulliver Compare with Lilliput
14、,the Brobdingnagians have an enlightened monarch.She often interrogates（询问）Gulliver on European affairs.Gulliver abruptly departs Brobdingnag when a giant eagle flies off with him and drops him in the ocean.Third voyage-Laputa He soon embarks on his third voyage to the flying island of Laputa Laputa
15、 is a mysterious land inhabited by scientists,magicians,and sorcerers（男巫）who engage in ridiculous experiment.The voyage to Laputa is a scathing（尖刻的）attack upon science in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and reveals Swifts contempt and disdain for abstract theory and ideology that is not of p
16、ractical service to human.Major themes The intellectuals of Laputa were far too busy having great thoughts to be burdened with the chores.So they just flying over lands,collecting Brain Taxes from the villages below.Then buckets would be lowered to be filled with food and drink and whatever else the
17、y want.Final voyage-Houyhnhnm Once again Gulliver returns to England before a final journey,to the land of the HouyhnhnmIn the country of HouyhnhnmHouyhnhnmHorseYahooIn Houyhnhnms language There is no evil,no lie,no illness,no power,no war,no government,no law,no punishment and thousands of other th
18、ings that exists in our society.Houyhnhnms are a superior race of intelligent horses.Anything bad is about YahoosYahoos,a vile(极坏的)and depraved race of ape-like creatures.Gulliver is eventually exiled from Houyhnhnm society when the horses gently insist that Gulliver must return to live among his ow
19、n kind.After this fourth and final voyage,he returns to England,where he has great difficulty adjusting to everyday life.All people everywhere remind him of the Yahoos.The final voyage reveals Swifts ultimate satiric objectmans inability to come to terms with his true nature.The Yahoos as a satiric
20、representation of debased humanity,while taking the Houyhnhnms as representatives of Swifts ideals of rationality and order.Major themesAnalysisIt is a book simple enough for a child,and yet complex enough to carry an adult beyond his depth.It is a satire on the 18th century English society,touching
21、 upon the political,religious,legal,military,scientific,philosophical as well as literary institutions,about almost every aspect of the society.Bitterly satirical,the book takes great pains to bring to light the wickedness of English society,with its tyranny,its political intrigues and corruption,it
22、s aggressive wars and colonialism,its religious disputes and persecution,and its ruthless oppression and exploitation of the common people.The novel is a fantasy and a realistic work of fiction.The language,as is typical of all Swifts works,is very simple,unadorned,straightforward and effective.It i
23、s noted for its exceptionally tidy structural arrangement.The four seemingly independent parts are linked up by the central idea of social satire and make up an organic whole.Extra information 格列佛游记格列佛游记的作者的作者Jonathan Swift发明发明了了yahoo这个单词。这个单词。Yahoo!的创始人杨致的创始人杨致远和远和David Filo选择这个名字的原因是他们选择这个名字的原因是他们
24、觉得自己是觉得自己是yahoo。他们选择这个名称的原。他们选择这个名称的原因是他们喜欢字典里对因是他们喜欢字典里对yahoo的定义：的定义：“粗粗鲁，不通世故，粗俗。鲁，不通世故，粗俗。What is the style of Jonathan Swifts style?Swifts Stylesimple,clear,vigorous language;simple,direct and precise prose;a master satirist;Deadly irony;powerful satire.What is the moral attributes of the story?
25、Moral attributes Swift was a man of great moral integrity and social charm.He had a deep hatred for all the rich oppressors and a deep sympathy for all the poor and oppressed.How did think of human nature?Human nature His understanding of human nature is profound.In his opinion,human nature is serio
26、usly and permanently flawed.To better human life,enlightenment is needed,but to redress it is very hard.So,in his writings,although he intends not to condemn but to reform and improve human nature and human institutions,there is often an overtone of helplessness and indignation.Questions for discussion1.In what ways are Yahoos comparable to human beings in Gullivers Travels?Comment on the Houyhnhnms attitude toward human beings.2.What are the symbolic meanings of Yahoos and Houyhnhnms?