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1、高考英语语法一轮复习 冠词(article)冠词分类冠词分类:冠词是冠词是虚虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种：的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种：不定不定冠词冠词a(n),定冠词定冠词the,零冠词零冠词冠词的用法：冠词的用法：单数名词单数名词 泛指单一，每一，任一事物泛指单一，每一，任一事物 类指类指 上文提到过的人或事物上文提到过的人或事物 说话双方默认的人或事物说话双方默认的人或事物 世界上独一无二的事物世界上独一无二的事物 类指类指 被限制性修饰语所限定的人或事被限制性修
2、饰语所限定的人或事a(n)the特指特指复数名词复数名词不可数名词不可数名词 the 特指上文提到过的人或事物特指上文提到过的人或事物 说话双方默认的人或事物说话双方默认的人或事物被限制性修饰语所限定的人或事被限制性修饰语所限定的人或事零冠词泛指的人或事物零冠词泛指的人或事物类指类指不定冠词不定冠词的的用法：用法：a用于用于辅音音素辅音音素前，而前，而an则用于则用于元音音素元音音素前。前。1)表示表示“一个一个”，意为，意为one；或表；或表every(重量，时间，长度重量，时间，长度等等单位单位).I have a mouth,a nose and two eyes.I earned 10
3、 dollars an hour.(=every hour).at a speed of eighty miles an hour 2)代表代表一类人一类人或或物物,侧重于侧重于类别中类别中任何一个任何一个的特点的特点 A knife is a tool for cutting with.3).当当第一次提到第一次提到某人或某物，且某人或某物，且并非特指并非特指时，用不定时，用不定冠词冠词a或或an起起介绍介绍作用作用She is working in a factory.4.用于用于人名人名前，表示前，表示“一位名叫一位名叫的人的人/人的作品人的作品”或表示或表示与某与某人有人有类似类似性质
4、性质的人或事物的人或事物(a certain)A Mr.Smith came to visit you when you went out.The painting is expected to be a picasso.He wishes to become a Newton.5表示表示乐器乐器,世界上世界上独一无二独一无二的事物的事物的名词前一般用定冠词的名词前一般用定冠词the,但前面如果出现但前面如果出现定语修饰定语修饰，也可能用不定冠词，也可能用不定冠词a,an。He starts his day by playing the violin.He is playing a borro
5、wed violin.the world,a peaceful world 表示表示一日三餐一日三餐的名词前面一般不用冠词，但前面如果有了的名词前面一般不用冠词，但前面如果有了定语修饰定语修饰，也可能用不定冠词也可能用不定冠词a,an。Have you had supper?We had a wonderful supper.6.放在放在抽象名词抽象名词前，用来表示前，用来表示具体的一个人具体的一个人或或一件事一件事 a success/pleasure/failure/concern There was a heavy rain yesterday.7.在在形容词形容词最高级最高级前表示前表
6、示“非常非常”是需要是需要不定冠词不定冠词Unit Nine is a most difficult unit,but it isnt the most difficult unit in Book One.8.表示表示 the same意思意思They are of an age(=of the same age).9.在序数词前表示在序数词前表示“又一又一，再一再一”This is the second time(表排序表排序)Ive been here.I want to be here a third time(不表排序不表排序).词组或成语。词组或成语。once in a while
7、/for a while/have a gift for/have a word with/have a swim/keep a diary/a great many/many a/in a short while/all of a sudden/at a distance/make a difference keep an eye on/do sb a favor/at a distance/once upon a time/have a knowledge of/have an understanding of/a matter of/have a population of/a coll
8、ection of 注意：注意：weather,fun,space(宇宙宇宙uc.，场所，用地，区域，场所，用地，区域 c.),advice,word(news),progress,information,furniture,equipment,nature,man(人类人类),luggage/buggage 永远不与不定冠词连用永远不与不定冠词连用不定冠词不定冠词位置位置 不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语不定冠词常位于名词或名词修饰语前前。what/such/half/quite/rather/many+a(n)+单数名词单数名词I have never seen such an animal
9、.Many a man is fit for the job.He will be back in half an hour.What a good day!quite/rather a difficult problem2.as,so,too,how,however+adj.+a(n)+单数名词单数名词It is as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.So short a time.Too long a distance.However clever a student is,he should follow the teachers instruct
10、ions now.3.在在as，though 引导的让步状语从句中，当表语为引导的让步状语从句中，当表语为单单数数名词名词时，时，并将其倒装时，其前并将其倒装时，其前不用冠词不用冠词；否则；否则用冠词用冠词：Brave man though/as he is，he trembles at the sight of snakes.Though/Although she is a young girl 1.Fiveyearsagoherbrotherwas_universitystudentof_physics.(1990上海).A.a;theB.an;theC.an;/D.a;/2.Haveyo
11、useen_pen?Ileftitherethismorning.Isit_blackone?IthinkIsawitsomewhere.(1997全国)A.a;theB.the;theC.the;aD.a;a3.Whereismyblueshirt?Itsinthewashingmachine.Youhavetowear_differentone.(2003春)A.anyB.theC.aD.other4.TheWilsonslivein_A-shapedhousenearthecoast.Itis_17thcenturycottage.(2004浙江)A.the,/B.an,theC./,t
12、heD.an,a5.Therewas_time_Ihatedtogotoschool.(2004湖北)A.a,thatB.a,whenC.the,thatD.the,when6.In_reviewof44studies,Americanresearchersfoundthatmenandwomenwhoatesixkeyfoodsdailycuttheriskof_heartdiseaseby76%.(2006湖南)A.a;theB.the;aC.a;不填D.不填;a7.Iearn10dollars_houras_supermarketcashieronSaturdays.(2003上海)A.
13、a;anB.the;aC.an;aD.an;the8.Foralongtimetheywalkedwithoutsaying_word.Jimwasthefirsttobreak_silence.(2004湖南)A.the;aB.a;theC.a;不填D.the;不填9.Mrs.Tailorhas_8-year-olddaughterwhohas_giftforpaintingshehaswontwonationalprizes.(2005浙江)A.a,aB.an,theC.an,aD.the,a10.Whenheleft_college,hegotajobas_reporterinanews
14、paperoffice.(2004天津)A.不填；aB.不填；theC.a;theD.the;the定冠词定冠词的的用法用法 某个或某些某个或某些特定特定的人或东西。的人或东西。1.特特指指双方都明白双方都明白的人或物：的人或物：Take the medicine.Close the window,please.2.上文提到过上文提到过的人或事：的人或事：He bought a house.Ive been to the house.3.指世上指世上独一物二独一物二的事物：的事物：the sun，the sky，the moon，the earth除除nature,space,man4.单单数
15、名词连用表示数名词连用表示一类人一类人或或事物事物，表示整个类别，区别与其他，表示整个类别，区别与其他类别类别用于在用于在发明物发明物的的单单数名词前，既表示数名词前，既表示特指特指又表示又表示类别类别 the tigerisindangerofbecomingextinct.(a tiger 不能用不能用)Bellinventedthetelephonein1976.5.与与形容词形容词或或分词分词连用，表示连用，表示一类一类人或物：人或物：the rich；the wounded；the unexpected(are)6.用在用在序数序数词和形容词词和形容词最高级最高级，及形容词，及形容词
16、only，very，same,whole 等前面：等前面：Where do you live?I live on the second floor.Thats the very thing Ive been looking for.7.与与复数复数名词或集体名词连用，指名词或集体名词连用，指整个整个群体：群体：They are the teachers of this school.（指（指全体全体教师教师)They are teachers of this school.(指指部分部分教师教师)8.相当于物主代词，用在表示相当于物主代词，用在表示身体部位身体部位的名词的名词前前,动词动词(h
17、it,pat,strike,catch,seize,take)+sb.+prep.+the+身体身体某一部位某一部位Shecaughtmebythearm.Somebodypattedhimontheshoulder。hithimonthehead/intheface9.用在某些由用在某些由普通普通名词构成的名词构成的国家名称国家名称、机关团体机关团体、阶级阶级、党派，党派，方位，方向方位，方向等等专有名词专有名词前：前：the Peoples Republic of China/the United States/the left/the great wall/the summer pala
18、ce/the WTO/the 2008 Olympic games不含普通名词的纯专有名词不用冠词，如不含普通名词的纯专有名词不用冠词，如Beijing,New York.10.用在表示用在表示西洋乐器西洋乐器的名词之前，表课程不用的名词之前，表课程不用theShe plays the piano.Her job is teaching piano.中国中国乐器不用冠词乐器不用冠词playErhu,playmusic11.用在用在姓氏姓氏的的复复数名词之前，表示数名词之前，表示一家一家人：人：theGreens格林一家人格林一家人(或格林夫妇或格林夫妇)theChens姓陈一家姓陈一家 12.
19、用在年代，朝代及用在年代，朝代及逢十逢十的的复复数名词前，表示数名词前，表示“世纪的某个年世纪的某个年代代”He began to learn Russian in the 1950s/1950s.in ones 50sthe Tang Dynasy the Spring and Autumn Period13.用于用于江河，湖海，山川，海峡，运河，海湾，群岛江河，湖海，山川，海峡，运河，海湾，群岛,建筑物等建筑物等的名词前的名词前the Changjiang River the Rochy Mountain the Taiwan Straits the Philippines The Wes
20、t Lake14.用于用于比较级比较级的句型中的句型中The more we think of our life,the happier we feel.越越就越就越Which is the larger country,Canada or America?Lily is the taller of the two girls.两者中比较两者中比较16.在有些关于在有些关于国家国家和和民族民族的形容词（以的形容词（以-sh,-ch,-ese 结尾）结尾）前加上前加上定冠词定冠词，泛指这个国家和民族的，泛指这个国家和民族的全体人员全体人员the Chinese are hard-working
21、while the French are romantic17.表示表示计量计量单位的名词前用单位的名词前用the,如果表示单位的名词为不可数名如果表示单位的名词为不可数名词，不用冠词词，不用冠词(by weight/height)I rented the house by the month.You can hire the car by the hour.Eggs are told by the dozen.用在用在惯用语惯用语中：中：in the dark,in the distance,on the whole,by the way,the other day,for the time
22、 being 暂时暂时 in the way 挡道挡道make the most of;not in the least(not at all);On the other hand;by the way;on the spot;Go to the doctors;on the phone/radio定冠词定冠词位置位置 定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前，但放在定冠词通常位于名词或名词修饰语前，但放在all，both，such,double，what,quite,half，twice，three times，exactly,just,等词之等词之后后，名词之，名词之前前。exactly the
23、same coat just the right bookhalf the novel all the peopledouble the amount1._on-goingdivisionbetweenEnglish-speakingCanadiansandFrench-speakingCanadiansis_majorconcernofthecountry.(2004北京)A.The;不填B.The;aC.An;theD.An;不填2.On_newstoday,therewere_reportsofheavysnowinthatarea.(2004春)A.the;theB.the；不填C.不
24、填；不填D.不填；the3.Ifyougrowupin_largefamily,youaremorelikelytodevelop_abilitytogetonwellwith_others.(2005江西)A./;an;theB.a;the;/C.the;an;theD.a;the;the4.Ifthemanagerhadtochoosebetweenthetwo,hewouldsayJohnwas_.(1995上海)A.goodB.thebestC.betterD.thebetter5.Summerin_southofFranceisfor_mostpartdryandsunny.(200
25、0京春)A./,aB.the,/C./,/D.the,the6.Westoodatthetopofthemountain_eastofthecity,watching_burningsunrising.A.不填；aB.the;aC.the;theD.不填；the7.Aliceisfondofplaying_pianowhileHenryisinterestedinlisteningto_music.(1989全国)A.(不填);theB.(不填);(不填)C.the;(不填)D.the;the8.Itisnotrarein_thatpeoplein_fiftiesaregoingtounive
26、rsityforfurthereducation.(1999上海)A.90s;theB.the90s;/C.90s;theirD.the90s;their9.Asarule,theworkersarepaid_.(2004上海春)A.bythehourB.byhourC.byanhourD.byhours10.Abullethitthesoldierandhewaswoundedin_leg.(2001上海)A.aB.oneC.theD.his11.Itisbelievedthat_youwork,_resultyoullget.(1993上海)A.theharder;thebetterB.t
27、hemorehard;themostbetterC.theharder;abetterD.morehard;morebetter零冠词零冠词的的用法用法1 不含普通名词的专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名，地名不含普通名词的专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名，地名等名词钱等名词钱前通常前通常不用定冠词不用定冠词：England，Mary，Tiananmen Square2泛泛指的指的复数复数名词，表示名词，表示一类人一类人或或事物事物时，可不用定冠词；侧重时，可不用定冠词；侧重类别中的许多个体类别中的许多个体 Farmers are busy in autumn.3不可数名词（不可数名词（抽象
28、抽象名词名词,物质物质名词名词）表示一般概念时，通常不加表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词；冠词；Failure is the mother of success.Man cannot live without water.ask for advice Paper money is in use in China.4在在季节、月份、节日、季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词；前，不加冠词；We go to school from Monday to Friday.5职务职务或或头衔头衔的名词（表语，同位语，宾补）的名词（表语，同位语，宾补
29、）The guards took the American to General Lee.He is president of our college.People elected him president.Tom,president of our college,is visiting our class.The president is visiting out class.6在在三餐、球类三餐、球类,棋类，学科前，不加冠词棋类，学科前，不加冠词 如：如：have breakfast，play chess,play music,teach maths the English langua
30、ge;in the spring of the year 20107当当by 与火车等与火车等交通工具交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间无冠词；连用，表示一种方式时，中间无冠词；by bus，by train；by air,by sea但如果名词的前面出现了但如果名词的前面出现了修饰语修饰语，前面需加冠词，前面需加冠词a/an inablackcar.8.turn用作系动词时，后面作表语的单数名词前用作系动词时，后面作表语的单数名词前不用冠词不用冠词。He turned writer many years later.(=He became a writer many years later.
31、)9不用冠词的不用冠词的序数词序数词；a.序数词前有序数词前有物主物主代词代词 his second brotherb.序数词作序数词作副词副词 He came first in the race.c.在在固定固定词组中词组中 at first,first of all,from first to last10.可数名词前有物主代词，指示代词，名词所有格等限制时，可数名词前有物主代词，指示代词，名词所有格等限制时，不加冠词。称呼前不加冠词。不加冠词。称呼前不加冠词。Einsteins theory;no such thing What shall I do next,Mother?10.两个形
32、容词都两个形容词都有冠词有冠词，表示两个，表示两个不同不同东西。东西。He raises a black and a white cat.他养了一只黑猫和一只白猫。他养了一只黑猫和一只白猫。The black and the white cats are hers.这只黑猫和白猫都是他的。这只黑猫和白猫都是他的。如后如后一个形容词无冠词一个形容词无冠词，则指，则指一物。一物。He raises a black and white cat.他养了一只花猫。他养了一只花猫。11.在独立主格结构的某一形式中在独立主格结构的某一形式中“单数名词单数名词+介词短介词短语语”中，名词前不用冠词。中，名词前
33、不用冠词。The teacher came in,book in hand.The little girl is very happy,flower on head.The old man sat on the chair,pipe in mouth.at table/at the table by sea/by the sea in hospital/in the hospital on earth/on the earth go to school/church go to the school/the church in front of/in the front of out of q
34、uestion/out of the question two of us/the two of us go to sea/go to the sea in future/in the future 进餐在桌子旁进餐在桌子旁乘船在海边乘船在海边住院在医院里住院在医院里究竟在地球上究竟在地球上上学；做礼拜上学；做礼拜到学校，教堂去到学校，教堂去在（外部的）前面在（外部的）前面在（内部的）前面在（内部的）前面毫无疑问，一定不可能毫无疑问，一定不可能我们当中的两人我们共二人我们当中的两人我们共二人当水手去海边当水手去海边从今以后未来从今以后未来固定短语：固定短语：on second thought(
35、s)重新考虑后重新考虑后;under repaircome to power;on boardin use/danger/peace/debtin place of;ahead of timeat waron boardhand in handevery few daysout of order/date/reach/work/breathcome/rank firstat noon/midnight/nightcatch fire/sight offrom door to door father and son;husband and wife;knife and fork;sun and
36、moon1.Mr.Smith,theresamanat_frontdoorwhosayshehas_newsforyouofgreatimportance.(2001京春)A.the,不填B.the,theC.不填,不填D.不填,the2.Idontliketalkingon_telephone;Ipreferwriting_letters.(2002春)A.a;theB.the;不填C.the;theD.a;不填3.Itisoftensaidthat_teachershave_veryeasylife.(2005北京)A.不填；不填B不填；aC.the;不填D.the;a4._,hetalk
37、salotabouthisfavoritesingersafterclass.(2005重庆)A.AquietstudentashemaybeB.QuietstudentashemaybeC.BeaquietstudentashemayD.Quietashemaybeastudent5.Whilehewasinvestigatingwaystoimprovethetelescope,Newtonmade_discoverywhichcompletelychanged_mansunderstandingofcolor.(2004广东)A.a不填B.atheC.不填theD.thea6.Sheis
38、_newcomerto_chemistrybutshehasalreadymadesomeimportantdiscoveries.(1994全国)A.the;theB.the;不填C.a;不填D.a;the7.Thecakesaredelicious.Hedliketohave_thirdonebecause_secondoneisrathertoosmall.(2002上海春)A.a;aB.the;theC.a;theD.the;a8.WhereisJack?Ithinkheisstillin_bed,buthemightjustbein_bathroom.(1992全国)A.不填；不填B
39、.the；theC.the;不填D.不填；the9.Whenyoucomehereforyourholidaynexttime,dontgoto_hotel;Icanfindyou_bedinmyflat.(2004全国)A.the;aB.the;不填C.a;theD.a;不填10.Themostimportantthingaboutcottoninhistoryis_partthatitplayedin_IndustrialRevolution.(2004重庆)A.不填；不填B.the；不填C.the;theD.a;the11.InHangzhouMrGreenwassostruckby_b
40、eautyof_naturethathestayedforanothernight.(1991上海)A./,/B./,theC.the,/D.the,the12.IcantrememberwhenexactlytheRohinsonsleft_city.Ionlyrememberitwas_Monday.(2005湖南)A.the,theB.a,theC.a,aD.the,a13.Itis_worldofwonders,_worldwhereanythingcanhappen.(2004福建)A.a,theB.a,aC.the,aD./,/14.Whenyoufinishreadingthis
41、book,youwillhave_betterunderstandingof_life.(2004辽宁)A.a,theB.the,aC./,theD.a,/15.Papermoneywasin_useinChinawhenMarcoPolovisitedthecountryin_thirteenthcentury.(1999全国)A.the;不填B.the;theC.不填;theD.不填;不填16.Wouldntitbe_wonderfulworldifallnationslivedin_peacewithoneanother?(1994全国)A.a;不填B.the;不填C.a;theD.th
42、e;the17.Everywheremanhascutdown_forestsinordertogrowcrops,ortouse_woodasfuelorasbuildingmaterial.A.the;theB.the;/C./;theD./;/18.-Couldyoutellmethewayto_Johnsons,please?-Sorry,wedonthave_Johnsonhereinvillage.A.the;theB.the;aC./;theD.the;/19.Iwantedtocatch_earlytrain,butcouldntget_ridetothestation.A.an;theB./;theC.an;/D.the;a20._walkisexpectedtolastallday,sobring_packedlunch.A.a;aB.The;/C.The;aD.A;/