高三复习语法--冠词.ppt

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1、考点一基本用法考点一基本用法1. 定冠词的基本用法定冠词的基本用法(1) 用于特指一定的人、事物或上下文提到的用于特指一定的人、事物或上下文提到的 人、事物。如:人、事物。如: I woke up with a bad headache, yet by the evening the pain had gone. (辽宁辽宁 2012)(2) 用在表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如:用在表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如: The moon turns round the earth. Drivers always sit on the left of buses.(3) 用在单数名词前,表示某一类别

2、或某项发用在单数名词前,表示某一类别或某项发 明。如:明。如:The tiger is a dangerous animal.(4) 用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前以及表示用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前以及表示 江、河、湖、海、山川、群岛等的名词前。江、河、湖、海、山川、群岛等的名词前。 如:如: We are said to be living in the Information Age, a time of new discoveries and great changes. (四川四川 2012)(5) 用在序数词前、形容词最高级前或用于特用在序数词前、形容词最高级前或用于特 指指“两

3、者中较两者中较的一个的一个”。如:。如: As is known to all, the Peoples Republic of China is the biggest developing country in the world. (陕西陕西 2011)(6) 用在方位名词前、某些习惯用语或表示时间用在方位名词前、某些习惯用语或表示时间 的词组中:的词组中:on the left, in the east / west, on the other hand, in the end, the other day等。等。 (7) 用在形容词前表示一类人或事物。如:用在形容词前表示一类人或事物

4、。如:the poor / rich / young / dying / good / unknown 等。等。(8) 用在姓氏复数形式前,表示全家人或夫妇用在姓氏复数形式前,表示全家人或夫妇 二人。如:二人。如:The Smiths are sitting at the table.(9) 用在表示度量单位的名词前,表示用在表示度量单位的名词前,表示“每一每一”。 如:如: Its said John will be in a job paying over $60,000 a year. Right, he will also get paid by the week. (江江 西西 20

5、11)口诀记忆口诀记忆the的用法的用法特指熟悉与复述,独一无二全用特指熟悉与复述,独一无二全用the。方位乐器名词前,序数形最乐位惯。方位乐器名词前,序数形最乐位惯。复数姓氏与专有,习惯用语最后添。复数姓氏与专有,习惯用语最后添。2. 不定冠词的基本用法不定冠词的基本用法(1) 用在可数名词前表示用在可数名词前表示“一个一个”,含义上相当于,含义上相当于 “one”。如:。如: The development of industry has been a gradual process throughout human existence, from stone tools to moder

6、n technology. (浙江浙江2012)(2) 与单数可数名词连用,表示某一类人或事物;亦可与单数可数名词连用,表示某一类人或事物;亦可 泛指某一类人或事物中的泛指某一类人或事物中的“任何一个任何一个”。如:。如: It is generally accepted that a boy must learn to stand up and fight like a man. (2011 新课标全国卷新课标全国卷)(3) 用在抽象名词或物质名词前,表示用在抽象名词或物质名词前,表示“一种,一一种,一 次,一类次,一类”等意义。如:等意义。如: He had a strong dislik

7、e for cold weather.(4) 用在序数词前,表示用在序数词前,表示“再一,又一再一,又一”。如:。如: He missed the gold in the high jump, but will get a second chance in the long jump. (2012 大纲全国卷大纲全国卷II)(5) 用在专有名词前,相当于用在专有名词前,相当于“一位,一个,某位,一位,一个,某位,某某 个个”或或“式的人式的人”。如:。如: Experts think that the recently discovered painting may be a Picasso.

8、 (浙江浙江 2011)(6) 用在某些固定词组中:用在某些固定词组中:all of a sudden, as a matter of fact, go out for a walk, have a good time, make a difference, make a living, have an idea of, have a good knowledge of等。如:等。如: I dont understand what the engineer means, but Ive got a rough idea of the project plan. (浙江浙江 2009)(7) 用

9、在季节、月份、星期或节日的名词前,表用在季节、月份、星期或节日的名词前,表 示某个特定的季节、月份、日子或节日。如:示某个特定的季节、月份、日子或节日。如: The accident happened on a rainy Sunday towards the end of July.3. 零冠词的用法(不用冠词的情况)零冠词的用法(不用冠词的情况) (1) 复数名词表泛指时,其前不加冠词。如:复数名词表泛指时,其前不加冠词。如: The Smiths dont usually like staying at hotels, but last summer they spent a few d

10、ays at a very nice hotel by the sea. (江西江西 2012)(2) 可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名 词所有格时,其前不用冠词。如:词所有格时,其前不用冠词。如: Jacks English book is lying on his desk.(3) 专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词和表示人名、地名专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词和表示人名、地名 等的名词前,通常不用冠词。如:等的名词前,通常不用冠词。如: Sarah looked at the finished painting with satisfact

11、ion. (2012 新课标全国卷新课标全国卷)(4) 表示季节、月份、星期、节日、一日三餐的名词表示季节、月份、星期、节日、一日三餐的名词 前,以及表示体育运动项目、学科、运输或通讯方前,以及表示体育运动项目、学科、运输或通讯方 式等的名词前,通常不用冠词。如:式等的名词前,通常不用冠词。如: Were going to watch a match on Sunday.(5) 表示职务、头衔的名词作表语、同位语、补足语等表示职务、头衔的名词作表语、同位语、补足语等 时,其前不用冠词。如:时,其前不用冠词。如: Sam has been appointed manager of the eng

12、ineering department to take place of George. (重庆重庆 2012)(6) 在某些固定搭配中在某些固定搭配中, 如:如:at dawn, on second thoughts, come to light, come to power, give birth to, out of control, in public, ahead of time, in debt, hand in hand, in place of, do harm to等。等。无冠词无冠词有冠词有冠词on office执政执政in the office在办公室在办公室in pri

13、son 坐牢坐牢in the/a prison在监狱在监狱go to church 去做礼拜去做礼拜go to the church 去教堂去教堂go to sea 当水手当水手go to the sea 去海边去海边in charge of 负责,管理负责,管理in the charge of 由由负责负责out of question 不成问题不成问题out of the question不可能不可能4. 有无冠词意义迥异的短语有无冠词意义迥异的短语考点二习语、固定短语中的冠词考点二习语、固定短语中的冠词1. 不定冠词用于短语搭配中不定冠词用于短语搭配中(1) “have/takea(n)

14、与动词同形的名词与动词同形的名词”, 表示动作的一次。表示动作的一次。 have/take a rest休息一会儿休息一会儿 have/take a look看一下看一下 have/take a bath洗个澡洗个澡(2) “go out for a(n)名词名词”,表示从事某项活动。,表示从事某项活动。 go out for an outing去郊游去郊游 go out for a picnic去野餐去野餐(3) 习惯搭配中习惯搭配中 as a matter of fact; in a hurry; in a word; a waste of; in a way; come to an en

15、d; all of a sudden; have a(n).knowledge of; have a(n).understanding/grasp /feeling off2. 定冠词用于固定搭配中:定冠词用于固定搭配中: in the morning; on the other hand; on the contrary; on the air; in the end; come to the point; the ABC of.3. 在一些固定短语中,名词前不用冠词。在一些固定短语中,名词前不用冠词。 at night; at home; day after day; by telepho

16、ne; in danger; on purpose; out of control; undern.; be home to1. The “Chinese Dream” is _ dream to improve peoples well-being and _ dream of harmony, peace and development. (福建福建2013) A. the; a B. a; a C. a; the D. the; the解析解析: B。题中两个。题中两个dream都表泛指,意为都表泛指,意为“一一 个个的梦想的梦想”,故前面都用不定冠词,故前面都用不定冠词a。2. Mar

17、co Polo is said to have sailed on _ Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in _ thirteenth century. (陕西(陕西2013) A. the; a B. a; 不填不填 C. 不填不填; the D. the; the解析:解析:D。Pacific Ocean是专有名词,故第一空用是专有名词,故第一空用 the;表示;表示“第第”时,序数词前用时,序数词前用the。3. Four and _ half hours of discussion took us up to midnight, and _ break

18、 for cheese, chocolate and tea with sugar. (2013 新课标全国卷新课标全国卷II) A. a; a B. the; the C. 不填;不填;the D. a; 不填不填解析:解析:A。half可用在可用在“基数词基数词+ and + a half + 可数可数名名 词复数词复数”结构中,故第一空用结构中,故第一空用a;break此处表此处表 泛指,其前用泛指,其前用a。4. Animals are obviously _ lower form of life than _ man. (江西江西2013) A. a; 不填不填 B. the; th

19、e C. a; the D. 不填不填; 不填不填解析:解析:A。_ lower form of life指指“一一 种低级的生命形式种低级的生命形式”,故用,故用a表示泛指;表示泛指; man作作“人类人类”讲,其前不用冠词。讲,其前不用冠词。5. People develop _ preference for a particular style of learning at _ early age and these preferences affect learning. (浙江浙江2013) A. a; an B. a; 不填不填 C. 不填;不填;the D. the; an解析:

20、解析:A。a preference for . 意为意为“偏偏 爱爱”,故第一空用,故第一空用a;at an early age 意为意为“在小时候在小时候”,是固定表达,故第,是固定表达,故第二二 空用空用an。 1. As _ matter of fact, I dont know who invented _ steam engine either. A. a; 不填不填 B. a; the C. the; 不填不填 D. the; theB 2. Do you know whether it is _ Picasso? No. You can ask Mr. Smith for hel

21、p. He has _ wide knowledge of painting. A. a; 不填不填 B. the; a C. a; a D. the; 不填不填C3. What _ pity that you cant go to _ theatre with us tonight. A. a; the B. a; 不填不填 C. 不填不填; the D. 不填不填; 不填不填A4. You really ought to make _ most of the opportunity, because you wont get _ second chance. A. 不填不填; the B.

22、 不填不填; a C. the; the D. the; aD5. The accident happened on _ Saturday of last month because all of my children didnt go to _ school. A. 不填不填; 不填不填 B. 不填不填; the C. a; the D. a; 不填不填D6. “_ Mr. Green phoned and left _ message that he was going to be late,” said Alice to her boss. A. The; 不填不填 B. A; 不填不

23、填 C. A; a D. The; aC7. There still has been _ increasing number of cases of the disease and _ number of patients are dying from it. A. 不填不填; the B. an; the C. 不填不填; a D. an; aD8. Jack will come to New York by _ air tomorrow, where he is invited to play _ part of Juliet in the new film. A. the; a B.

24、the; the C. 不填不填; a D. 不填不填; theD9. If that is not _ case, its _ waste of time trying to get her to change her mind. A. the; a B. a; a C. the; 不填不填 D. a; 不填不填A10. After Obama was chosen as _ President of the United States, his first speech made _ strong impression on me. A. the; 不填不填 B. 不填不填; a C. the; a D. 不填不填; 不填不填B

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