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1、高考英语阅读思路高考英语阅读思路分析与解题方法分析与解题方法-猜词猜词词义理解题常见的题型有词义理解题常见的题型有:1.The author uses the word“”to mean _.2.The underlined word(phrase,term)“”means _.3.According to the passage,the word“”properly means _.4.The word“”in paragraph refers to _.5.By“”,the author means _.6.which of the following is closest in mean
2、ing to“”?7.What is“”?方法：方法：1返回原文，找出该词汇出现的地方；返回原文，找出该词汇出现的地方；2注意结合上下文，理解该词的意思；注意结合上下文，理解该词的意思；3可判断该词汇是否超纲，如果是纲内可判断该词汇是否超纲，如果是纲内词汇，则字面意思必然不是正确答案；词汇，则字面意思必然不是正确答案；4词汇的正确答案，经常蕴藏在原文该词汇的正确答案，经常蕴藏在原文该词出现的前后词出现的前后Guessing Unknown Words/Vocabulary（猜词）猜词）1)Definition and explanation 利利用用定定义义和和解释猜测词义；解释猜测词义；Eg
3、.He is a resolute man.Once he makes up his mind to do something,he wont give it up halfway.The underlined word means_.A.strong B.firm C.kind D.cleverEx.1 A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.His uncle is a zoologist,an expert who does research on animal
4、s.The herdsman,who looks after sheep,earns about 650 yuan a year.We are on the night shift-from midnight to 8 a.m.-this week.木匠木匠 动物学家动物学家 牧人牧人 夜班夜班2)Experience根据普通常识和经验推测生词的词义根据普通常识和经验推测生词的词义Eg.Mr.Brown is now working at Princeton University far away from home.For this reason he has to rent a room
5、near the office where he works.A.to work to live B.to eat to live C.to teach to live D.to pay to use A good teacher works in quite a different way.His audience take an active part in his play:they ask and answer questions,they obey orders,and if they dont understand something,they say so.The word“au
6、dience”in the paragraph means _.A.students B.people who watch a play C.people who act on the stage D.people who listen to something3)Related Information即根据上下文的语境来猜测生词的词义。即根据上下文的语境来猜测生词的词义。The official asked the man what his occupation was.The man told him that he worked as an engineer.A.work B.study
7、 C.name D.interestworked as an engineer.4)Guessing from Comparison and Contrast根据上下文中的比较、对照关系猜测词义；根据上下文中的比较、对照关系猜测词义；Those new comers were not used to the life in the suburbs which was so different from that inside the city.A.town B.capital C.country D.housethe cityEx.2 In the past the world seemed
8、to run in an orderly way.Now,however,everything seems to be in a state of turmoil.If you agree,write“yes”;if you dissent,write“no”.混乱混乱不同意不同意Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic.The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom
9、even when it is shallow.弹性的弹性的混浊的混浊的5)Guessing word from description exemplification 通过描述和例证猜词通过描述和例证猜词A)You can take any of the periodicals:The World of English,Foreign Language Teaching in Schools,or English Learning.A.dictionaries B.story-books C.magazines D.newspapers In some countries where the
10、re is very little rain,the farmers have to irrigate,or water,their fields.All whales fall into two groups,those with teeth and those without,Dolphins belong to odontoceti,that is to say,they are toothed whales.灌溉灌溉有牙齿的有牙齿的6)Guessing word from Synonym and Antonym.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词。通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词。Is he i
11、ntelligent or stupid?Most women in Ghana-the educated and illiterate,the urban and rural,the young and old-work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers.Their reputation for economic independence,self-reliance,and hard work is well known and well deserved.Th
12、e underlined word“illiterate”in the passage means _.A.Repeated B.reiterated.C uneducated D.sickclever “The Dave you saw on TV was the real Dave,”says friend Pat Williams,“He wasnt a great actor or a great speaker.He was just Joe Everybody.”(02年年E篇篇)74.“He was just Joe Everybody.”(in the last paragra
13、ph)means _.A.Dave was famous B.Dave was ordinary C.Dave was showy D.Dave was shy When a doctor performs an operation on a patient,he usually gives an anaesthetic to make him unconscious,because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.When you throw a stone into
14、still water of a lake,you will watch a ripple spread in rings on the surface of water.麻药麻药波纹波纹7)Guessing word from Cause and Result通过原因与结果关系猜词通过原因与结果关系猜词Since I have finished my paper now,I am going to give myself a treat tonight.I am going to watch a movie on campus,an action movie called“Face Off”
15、.The underlined words“a treat”here means _.A.an action movie B.something pleasant to enjoyC.a rest D.something nice to eatEx.3Hes such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade.She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long.精明的精明的 修剪修剪8)Word formation 即根据前缀、
16、后缀、复即根据前缀、后缀、复合、派生等构词知识判断生词的词义合、派生等构词知识判断生词的词义(1)Overwork may cause diseases.前缀前缀over-的意思是的意思是“过分的、过量的过分的、过量的”故故overwork的意思应为的意思应为“工作过度工作过度”。(2)There was a dissatisfied look in the managers eyes.satisfied的意思是的意思是“满意的满意的”，前缀前缀dis-的的意思是意思是“不不”，故故dissatisfied的意思应该的意思应该是是“不满意的不满意的”。However,to succeed in
17、 life,one first needs to set a goal and then gradually make it more practical.And,in addition to that,in order to get really good at something,one needs to spend at least 10,000 hours studying and practising.To become great at certain things,itll require even more time,time that most people wont put
18、 in.The underlined word“that”refers to _.A.being good at something B.setting a practical goal C.Putting in more time D.succeeding in life the advanced EP also heats the roomevenly,wall to wall and floor to ceiling.It comfortably covers an area up to 350square feet.Other heaters heat roomsunevenly wi
19、th most of the heat concentratedto the center of the room.And they only heatan area a few feet around the heater.With theEP,the temperature will not vary in anypart of the room.The underlined word“evenly”probablymeans _.A.continuously B.separately B.C.quickly D.equallyHe is Oliver Barrett IV,a rich
20、jockey from a stuffy Wasp family on his way to a Harvard degree and a career in law.She is Jerry Cavilleri,a wisecracking working-class beauty studying music at Radcliffe.They are opposites in nearly every way.But they fall in love.This is their story.What does the author try to express in the under
21、lined sentence?A.they are the same in every way.B.They are quite different from each other in most aspects.C.they have a lot in common D.they are attracted by each other说明文的基本结构说明文的基本结构Descriptive writing Definition(Introduction)Description(Explanation)ConclusionExamplesComparisonClassification议论文的基本结构议论文的基本结构Argumentation论点论点Topic(Opinion)论据论据Arguments(Supporting sentences)结论结论ConclusionFactsExamplestheory记叙文的基本结构记叙文的基本结构Narrative writingsStory presentationEndingTime cluesInverted time clues倒叙SurprisingHumorous