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1、homehometownhomesickhomelesshomegrownhome-madehomelandhome pageIf you meet the new words when reading,what will you do?Guess the meaning.How to guess the meaning of words 初中阅读技能训练初中阅读技能训练 猜测词义猜测词义Learning object:20122012年年考试说明考试说明对读的要求对读的要求1.1.能根据上下文和构词法推断，理解生词的含义能根据上下文和构词法推断，理解生词的含义 2.2.能获取文章的具体信息。
2、能获取文章的具体信息。3.3.能理解文章的具体信息并进行简单的推理和判能理解文章的具体信息并进行简单的推理和判断。断。4.4.能理解归纳文章的主旨要义，能为文章选定合能理解归纳文章的主旨要义，能为文章选定合适的题目。适的题目。5.5.能理解故事情节和事件发生顺序以及段落中各能理解故事情节和事件发生顺序以及段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系。句子之间的逻辑关系。6.6.能根据上下文理解作者的态度，观点和意图。能根据上下文理解作者的态度，观点和意图。猜测词义猜测词义 词义猜测题是阅读理解的一个重要题型，主词义猜测题是阅读理解的一个重要题型，主要考查要考查根据短文已知信息猜测文章未知词根据短文已知信息猜测文
3、章未知词语的能力语的能力。词义猜测有两种考查形式：一。词义猜测有两种考查形式：一种是选择短文中某个种是选择短文中某个词语的英文含义词语的英文含义，一，一种是选择短文中某个种是选择短文中某个词语的汉语意思词语的汉语意思。1.1.Work in groupsWork in groups and and guessguess the the meanings of the meanings of the underlined underlined words.words.2.2.Try your best to tell us Try your best to tell us howhow to t
4、o guess the meaning and guess the meaning and which waywhich way you use.you use.Example:Training a dog to be a watchdogoften produces unexpected results.看门狗看门狗意外的，出乎意料的意外的，出乎意料的根据？猜词根据？猜词watch+dogun+expected生活常识生活常识经验经验定义描述定义描述 构词法构词法猜猜同义词同义词对比转折对比转折（反义词）（反义词）上下文上下文 Ways to guess the meaning of wor
5、ds:举例归纳举例归纳1.I will not make friends with a dishonest person.2.The guidebook is necessary for you to have a vacation there.3.If some athletes use drugs,it is unfair to the others.根据根据构词法构词法猜词猜词Dis+honest 不诚实的不诚实的guide+book 旅游指南旅游指南Un+fair 不公平的不公平的技巧技巧 1构词法 合成词合成词由两个或两个以上单词由两个或两个以上单词合成的新词。合成的新词。eg:bl
6、ackboard,middle-aged派生词派生词通过加前缀后缀构成新词。通过加前缀后缀构成新词。常用前缀前缀前缀意思意思例词例词 en-il-,in-im-mis-non-un-re-使可能使可能不，非不，非不不enable,enrich inexpensive,irregular impossible,impatient错误的错误的不，非不，非不不再，重复再，重复misunderstand,mismatchnon-stop,non-smoker unable,unhappy rewrite,retell常用后缀后缀后缀例词例词 teacher,visitor,Australian,sci
7、entist.improvement,government.illness,happiness.information,invitation.building,meaning.truth,warmth.safety.名名词词人：人：-er,-or,-ian,-ist-ment-ness-tion-ing-th-ty常用后缀后缀后缀例词例词 careless,helpless.careful,helpful.possible,eatable.traditional,environmental.dangerous,famous.friendly,weekly.形形容容词词-less 否定否定-fu
8、l-able,-ible-al-ous-ly-ive active,expensive.1.The shepherd,who looks after sheep,earns about 650 yuan a year.2.A calendar is a list of the days,weeks,months of a particular year.3.It will be very brittle,that is,it will break easily.定义描述法定义描述法易碎的、脆的易碎的、脆的牧羊人牧羊人日历日历guessguess技巧技巧 2 定义法通常定义法通常由释义或定语从句
9、，同由释义或定语从句，同位语来确定词义。位语来确定词义。明显的标志性特征：明显的标志性特征：is，or，that is(to say),in other words，be called，be known as，破折号等破折号等。小小结结同义词或近义词猜词法同义词或近义词猜词法1.One day,maybe machines will supersede,or take the place of,factory workers.2.If you agree,write“Yes”;if you dissent,write“No”.取代取代不同意不同意guessguess技巧技巧 3and,or,s
10、uch as,like，for example,for instance 等常连接同义词或近义词。等常连接同义词或近义词。小小结结guessguess1.Though Toms face has been washed quite clean,his neck is still grubby.2.John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things.His wife,however,is very thrifty.脏的脏的节俭的节俭的技巧技巧 4对比转折关系（反义词）对比转折关系（反义词）小小结结表转折关系的词常有表转折关系的词常有
11、but,while,however,instead of,rather than,unlike,yet,though 等。等。On the farm they mainly raise poultry,such as chickens,ducks and geese,for their eggs and meat.技巧技巧5 举例归纳举例归纳guessguess家禽家禽The new couple bought a lot of household appliances,such as washing machine,fridge and microwave oven etc.家用电器家用电器
12、小小结结常用常用such as,like，for example,for instance等引等引出例子，可根据例子隶属的出例子，可根据例子隶属的类别归纳出总称词即词义类别归纳出总称词即词义。The pupils assembled in front of the school hall.They came together to listen to the headmaster announce the result of the sports meeting.集合集合技巧技巧 6根据上下文猜测根据上下文猜测guessguessBut sometimes,no rain falls for
13、a long time.Then there will be a drought.A.a period of dry weather B.a period of hot weather C.a period of cold weatherguessguess“词不离句，句不离章。词不离句，句不离章。”猜测生词义或句猜测生词义或句意时，一定要认真读懂与生词密切相关的前意时，一定要认真读懂与生词密切相关的前后句子，进行合情合理的猜测。后句子，进行合情合理的猜测。Most of the roses are beginning to wither because of the cold.guessgu
14、ess凋谢凋谢技巧技巧7生活常识或经验生活常识或经验根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将生词推测出来。已有的常识将生词推测出来。因此平时多了因此平时多了解英美国家的风俗习惯，宗教信仰，社会生解英美国家的风俗习惯，宗教信仰，社会生活等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，活等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，The snake slithered through the grass.爬行爬行,滑行滑行100200300400100200300400100200300400100200300400100200300400Competition Please gi
15、ve me your recipe for this cake，so I can make it too.A.a dish B.directions for cookingC.a meal D.directions to your house生活生活常识经验常识经验上下文上下文对比对比转折转折因果因果关系关系同义词同义词反义词反义词构词法构词法定义描述定义描述举例归纳举例归纳举例归纳举例归纳生活生活常识经验常识经验上下文上下文对比对比转折转折因果因果关系关系同义词同义词反义词反义词构词法构词法定义描述定义描述 There are some glaciers moving down the mo
16、untain valleys.A glacier is a river of ice.A 雪山雪山 B 树枝树枝 C 冰河冰河 D 冰冰举例归纳举例归纳举例归纳举例归纳Scientists are placing robotic dogs in the homes of lonely old people to test whether they can improve the quality of life for humans.机器人的机器人的robot生活生活常识经验常识经验上下文上下文对比对比转折转折因果因果关系关系举例归纳举例归纳同义词同义词反义词反义词构词法构词法定义描述定义描述生
17、活生活常识经验常识经验上下文上下文对比对比转折转折因果因果关系关系举例归纳举例归纳同义词同义词反义词反义词构词法构词法定义描述定义描述He is so homely,as ugly as his father.相貌普通的，丑陋的相貌普通的，丑陋的生活生活常识经验常识经验上下文上下文对比对比转折转折因果因果关系关系举例归纳举例归纳同义词同义词反义词反义词构词法构词法定义描述定义描述I hope that youre able to find something here thats interesting,useful,and informative!Today,I would like to
18、share with you the topic.A.important B.full of information C.impossible informinformationinformative生活生活常识经验常识经验上下文上下文对比对比转折转折因果因果关系关系举例归纳举例归纳同义词同义词反义词反义词构词法构词法定义描述定义描述She must be very affluent.For instance she wears expensive clothes and jewelry,and drives a Rolls-Royce.A.poor,unhealthy B.rich,weal
19、thy C.hard-working生活生活常识经验常识经验上下文上下文对比对比转折转折因果因果关系关系同义词同义词反义词反义词构词法构词法定义描述定义描述举例归纳举例归纳举例归纳举例归纳Refuse to let your troubles multiply,just take them one by one.Organize your time,keep your life simple and exactly the way you want it.A.become moreB.become less C.become betterBeijingChinese Premier(总理总理)
20、Wen Jiabao visited the“left-behind”children whose parents are working in cities before Childrens Day.A.留守儿童留守儿童 B.孤儿孤儿 C.残疾儿童残疾儿童A.A.留守儿童留守儿童留守儿童留守儿童生活生活常识经验常识经验上下文上下文对比对比转折转折因果因果关系关系举例归纳举例归纳同义词同义词反义词反义词构词法构词法定义描述定义描述left-behind No one wants to look silly or do the wrong thing at a new job.On the ve
21、ry first day,one of the first things that your supervisor may do is to introduce you to co-workers.These co-workers will be important to you.According to the passage,your supervisor is most likely your _.A.Visitor B.teacher C.workmate D.leaderD.leaderD.leader生活生活常识经验常识经验上下文上下文对比对比转折转折因果因果关系关系举例归纳举例归
22、纳同义词同义词反义词反义词构词法构词法定义描述定义描述super Finally the enemy surrendered.They threw down their guns and walked out of the home with their hands over their heads.生活生活常识经验常识经验上下文上下文对比对比转折转折因果因果关系关系同位同位关系关系同义词同义词反义词反义词构词法构词法定义定义屈服，投降屈服，投降It is not only drivers who cause accidents,however.People on footpedestrian
23、s,and bicycle riders often cause accidents,too.Pedestrians sometimes walk out into the street without looking.You should always look on both sides before stepping into the street.The word“pedestrians”in the paragraph means_ in Chinese.A.行人行人B.徒步徒步 C.徒步竞走徒步竞走 D.常散步的人常散步的人A.A.行人行人行人行人生活生活常识经验常识经验上下文上下
24、文对比对比转折转折因果因果关系关系举例归纳举例归纳同义词同义词反义词反义词构词法构词法定义描述定义描述Miss Baker was awaked by a great noise.Their ship hit something and stopped.So much water filled the ships cabin that all the people were in a fluster A.慌乱中慌乱中 B.兴奋中兴奋中 C.迷茫中迷茫中 D.从容中从容中 A.A.慌乱中慌乱中慌乱中慌乱中 生活生活常识经验常识经验上下文上下文对比对比转折转折因果因果关系关系举例归纳举例归纳同义词
25、同义词反义词反义词构词法构词法定义描述定义描述Studying abroad brings a heavy burden to the family.For most Chinese parents,the cost of studying abroad is very high.But is it worth it?负担负担生活生活常识经验常识经验上下文上下文对比对比转折转折因果因果关系关系举例归纳举例归纳同义词同义词反义词反义词构词法构词法定义描述定义描述生活生活常识经验常识经验上下文上下文对比对比转折转折因果因果关系关系举例归纳举例归纳同义词同义词反义词反义词构词法构词法定义描述定义描述
26、Refuse to dwell on or be addicted to the mistakes that are sometimes a part of life,just walk out of them quickly and try to make things better.A.keep thinking aboutB.be interested inC.stay away fromThe British and Americans may use different terms for many things.The British usually use football,er
27、aser and mail while Americans prefer to use soccer,rubber and post.A.成果成果 B.学期学期 C.会议会议 D.用语用语D.D.用语用语用语用语生活生活常识经验常识经验上下文上下文对比对比转折转折因果因果关系关系举例归纳举例归纳同义词同义词反义词反义词构词法构词法定义描述定义描述Did you ever hear someone speak of a cat nap?A cat nap is a short sleep.People take it when there is a lot to do and there isn
28、t enough time for a full-length sleep.小睡、打盹小睡、打盹生活生活常识经验常识经验上下文上下文对比对比转折转折因果因果关系关系举例归纳举例归纳同义词同义词反义词反义词构词法构词法定义描述定义描述Once you have a good idea,the next step is organization.Think through your paper before you start.Write an outline.You need to know what your main points are before you start your firs
29、t paragraph.Use 24 main points,one paragraph each.A.外形外形 B.提纲提纲 C.中心中心 D.总结总结B.B.提纲提纲提纲提纲生活生活常识经验常识经验上下文上下文对比对比转折转折因果因果关系关系举例归纳举例归纳同义词同义词反义词反义词构词法构词法定义描述定义描述Yuan Longping,the father of hybrid rice,won the World Food Prize on Monday.Yuan developed the worlds first popular and widely grown hybrid rice
30、.Hybrid rice plants can make more rice than the ones people grew before.杂交水稻杂交水稻生活生活常识经验常识经验上下文上下文对比对比转折转折因果因果关系关系举例归纳举例归纳同义词同义词反义词反义词构词法构词法定义描述定义描述 Britains smallest school was closed down because its only pupil failed to turn up for class,a famous British newspaper reported in May.The newspaper sa
31、id the six-year-old girls parents were unhappy with a teacher who just got the job to teach the only pupil,so they decided to keep their daughter at home.“turn up”in the reading means_.A.pass an exam B.go to school C.pay money D.hand in homeworkB.go to schoolB.go to school生活生活常识经验常识经验上下文上下文对比对比转折转折因
32、果因果关系关系举例归纳举例归纳同义词同义词反义词反义词构词法构词法定义描述定义描述Now there are many houses around the lake.people often use chemicals in their gardens.They use other chemicals inside their houses for cleaning or killing insects(昆虫昆虫).There are also many business-men.Businessmen use chemicals in their machines or shops.“Che
33、mical”in the story means_.A.化学家化学家 B 污染品污染品 C 药品药品 D.化学制品化学制品D生活生活常识经验常识经验上下文上下文对比对比转折转折因果因果关系关系举例归纳举例归纳同义词同义词反义词反义词构词法构词法定义描述定义描述 Peanuts are very highly nutritious and are also high in protein(蛋白质蛋白质).American use about seven tenths of their protein in the form of the meat.In India,where the poor
34、cant pay for meat or milk,peanuts meal and peanuts milk have been produced.These have been a great help to the poor.（07年北京卷）年北京卷）挑战中考真题 What does the underlined word”nutritious”mean?A.good for health B.Helpful to the Poor C.Delicious and tasty D.Rich in fat and oil.挑战中考真题 Doctors and other scientist
35、s who study the human mind and try to explain why people behave in the way that they do,called psychologists,are starting to believe it.You know that your brain is connected to every part of your body through your nervous system(神经系统神经系统).Now scientists have proved that how you think and feel can ha
36、ve an influence on the health of your body.09年北京卷年北京卷A psychologist is a person who may help you with your _.A.illness and abilityB.thoughts and behaviour C.mind and nervous system D.physical activity and daily exercise These are the steps to follow when you are reading something difficult:1、Start t
37、o read normally until you run into a sentence that doesnt make sense to you.2、When a sentence doesnt make sense,go back and read it angin more slowly.3、Look for any words you dont know in the sentence.Try to understand their meanings using word parts and context clues(上下文线索上下文线索).If necessary,look t
38、hem up in the dictionary.（10年北京卷）年北京卷）The underlined phrase“run into”means()A、work out B、come across C、look into D、pass by挑战中考真题 Linguist James Milroy says,for centuries,it is believed without exception that young people are harming the language.And you can bet your bottom dollar that when todays te
39、enagers become tomorrows parents,they too will think this way.Milroy argues that languages do not and cannot become“corrupted”;they simply change to meet the new needs.(11年北京卷年北京卷)The expression”bet your bottom dollar”in Paragragh 5 means()A、be fairly sure B、be greatly surprised C、think it a pity D、find it interesting 挑战中考真题生活常识生活常识经验经验定义描述定义描述 构词法构词法猜猜同义词同义词对比转折对比转折（反义词）（反义词）上下文上下文How to guess the meaning of words?举例归纳举例归纳Reading makes a full man;A good reader is a good guesser.Enjoy reading!