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1、Grammar and usageDirect speech&reported speechEnjoy the following storyItwasthefirstdayforXiaomingtogotoschool.Afterschool,hisfatheraskedXiaomingwhathelearnedthatday.Xiaomingsaid,“Ilearnedshe,youandI”.Thenhisfatheraskedhowtheteacherexplainedthat.“Sheisyourdeskmate.”Xiaomingansweredhappily,pointingto
2、hermother.“Youaremystudent,Iamyourteacher.”Thefatherbecameangry,andsaid,“sheisyourmother,youaremyson,Iamyourfather.”Thenextday,inclass,theboywenttotheteacherandtoldthetecherhispuzzle,andhesaidtotheteacher,“Sheisyourmother.”Pointingtohisdeskmate,“Youaremyson.Iamyourfather.”原封不动地引用原话，把原原封不动地引用原话，把原话放在
3、引号内话放在引号内，叫直接引语(Direct speech)用自己的话加以转述用自己的话加以转述，叫间接引语(Indirect/reported speech)，此时没有引号Definition(定义)Iunderstandyou.heunderstoodus.HetoldusWhat did he tell us?Icanfly.itcouldfly.ItsaidWhat did it say?What did he say?I will help them with their English.hewouldhelp them with their English.HesaidConclu
4、sion 人称的变化：人称的变化：规律：规律：一主、二宾、三不变一主、二宾、三不变第一人称第一人称随随主句的主语主句的主语变化；变化；第二人称第二人称随随主句的宾语主句的宾语变化；变化；第三人称第三人称一般不变化。一般不变化。It said it could fly.He told us that he understand us.He said that he would help them with their English.PracticeHesaid,“Iamverysorry.”H e s a i d t h a t I w a s v e r y s o r r y.“Yoush
5、ouldbemorecarefulnexttime,”myfathertoldme.Myfathertoldmethatyoushouldbemorecarefulthenexttime.Shesaidtoherson,“Illcheckyourhomeworktonight.”Shesaidtohersonthatshewouldcheckmyhomeworkthatnight.heIhis“Iwillgotocollege.”HeoftensaysWhat does he often say?hewillgotocollege.“Iamplayingfootball.”Hesaidhewa
6、splayingfootball.What did he say?Iwillgoshoppingtomorrow.shewouldgoshoppingthenextday.ShesaidWhat did she say?Conclusion 时态变化：时态变化：规律：规律：当主句动词为当主句动词为现在时现在时，间接引语中的动词时态，间接引语中的动词时态保持不保持不变变；当主句动词为当主句动词为过去时过去时，间接引语中的动词作，间接引语中的动词作相应的前相应的前推推He often says he will go to college.He said he was playing footbal
7、l.She said that she would go shopping the next day.一般现在时一般现在时现在完成时现在完成时现在进行时现在进行时一般将来时一般将来时一般过去时一般过去时一般一般过去过去时时过去过去完成时完成时过去过去进行时进行时过去过去将来时将来时过去过去完成时完成时1.“Itisreallycold,”shesaidtome.Shetoldmethatit_reallycold.was2.“IdontwanttogotherewithAlice,”saidTom.Tomsaidthathe_wanttogotherewithAlice.didnt3.Theb
8、oysaid,“Iwillbeapilot.”Theboysaidthathe_apilot.wouldbe4.Tomsaid,“Wearelisteningtomusic.”Tomsaidthatthey_music.werelisteningto5.Mikesaid,“Ihavefinishedmyhomework.”Mikesaidhe_hishomework.hadfinishedHesaidtheearthmovesaroundthesun.Theearthmovesaroundthesun.What did he say?为什么？此句没有变时态？因为它为什么？此句没有变时态？因为它
9、描述的是客观事实真理描述的是客观事实真理，经得住时间考验经得住时间考验，故不变化故不变化2.所谈情况仍然存在的习惯或动作：所谈情况仍然存在的习惯或动作：Hesaidtothedoctor,“Ismoketwopackseveryday.”Hetoldthedoctorhesmokestwopackseveryday.3.3.转述的内容有转述的内容有表示具体的过去年份的时间表示具体的过去年份的时间，时态不变化时态不变化Theteachersaid,“Thebabywasbornin2010.”Theteachersaidthebabywasbornin2010.4.部分部分没有过去形式的情态动词
10、没有过去形式的情态动词,如如:must,oughtto,should 和和已经是过去时的形式已经是过去时的形式could,would,might,usedto,hadbetter等，等，时态不再变时态不再变。Shesaidtome,“Youmusthurryup.”ShetoldmeImusthurryup.5.从句为过去完成时态、过去进行时态时从句为过去完成时态、过去进行时态时不变不变1.“Ivefoundmywallet,”hesaidtome.He_mehe_wallet.2.“Itookithomewithme,”shesaid.Shesaidshe_ithomewithher.tol
11、dhadfoundhishadtakenPractice3.Theteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandgoesdowninthewest.”Theteachersaidthesun_intheeastand_downinthewest.4.“Imetheratschool.”hesaidtome.He_mehe_metheratschool.5.Petersaid,“IworkedinAfricain2010”.Petersaidhe_inAfricain2010.risesgoestoldhadworkedIwillgiveyouaconcertthisw
12、eekend.What did he say?Hesaidhewouldgiveusaconcertthatweekend.“Ifinishedmyhomeworktwo days ago.”Shesaidshehadfinishedherhomework two days before.What did she say?I have become a doctor a week ago.What did he say?Hesaidhehadbecomeadoctoraweekbefore.小结小结直接引语直接引语间接引语：间接引语：时间状语变化时间状语变化now现在现在then那时那时tod
13、ay今天今天thatday那天那天tonight今晚今晚 thatnight那晚那晚yesterday昨天昨天thedaybefore前一天前一天thisweek这周这周thatweek前一周前一周lastweek上周上周theweekbefore一周前一周前 aweekagoaweekbefore上星期上星期前一周前一周threedaysagothreedaysbefore三天以前三天以前前三天前三天tomorrow明天明天thenext/followingday次日次日nextweekthenext/followingweek下星期下星期下一周下一周thedayaftertomorrowt
14、wodayslater后天后天过两天过两天直接引语直接引语间接引语：间接引语：时间状语变化时间状语变化直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语指示指示代词代词this这这that那那these这些这些those那些那些地点地点状语状语here这里这里there那里那里动词动词come来来bring带来带来go去去take拿去拿去补充：补充：Hesaid,“Ilostakeyhereyesterday.”Hesaidthathehadlostakeytherethedaybefore.“Ireadthebookhereaweekago,”Janesaidtohim.Janetoldhimthatsheh
15、adreadthebookthereaweekbefore.PracticeShesaid,“Illcomehereagaintonight.”Shesaidshewouldgothereagainthatnight.Hesaid,“Iwantthis.”Hesaidthathewanted that.MaysaidtoTom,“Illbringsomephotosheretoyoutomorrow.”MaytoldTomshewouldtakesomephotostheretohimthenextday.Sum up 小结“直接引语直接引语”变变 间接引语间接引语人称变化人称变化：一主二宾三
16、不变：一主二宾三不变时态变化时态变化：主句为现在时：主句为现在时 主句为过去时主句为过去时 其他其他 时态不变的五大特殊情况时态不变的五大特殊情况常见的时间、地点状语以及指示代词和动常见的时间、地点状语以及指示代词和动词的具体变化词的具体变化1.Bill told Tom he would never be tired of it.2.Bill said he thought Charles Dickens was a great English writer.3.Bill asked Tom what he thought of that novel.4.Bill told Tom he had bought it in the Rose Bookshop.5.Tom told Bill he was going there to get one.