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1、现在分词用法归纳现在分词用法归纳modifiedbylexv一、现在分词的结构v二、现在分词的结构含义v三、现在分词的句法功能v四、独立主格结构v五、现在分词的主动表被动含义知识提纲知识提纲一、现在分词的结构一、现在分词的结构 主动形式主动形式被动形式被动形式一般式一般式doingbeing done完成式完成式having donehaving been done否定式否定式：在现在分词的前面直接加：在现在分词的前面直接加notv1.现在分词的主动式的一般式和完成式。一般式用来指和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的行为；完成式（having+过去分词）用来指在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。
2、如：vBeingastudent,hewasinterestedinbooks.vHavingstudiedinuniversityfor3years,heknowsthewayverywell.二、现在分词的结构含义二、现在分词的结构含义v2.现在分词的被动式的一般式和完成式。当句子的主语是分词动作的承受者时，分词用被动语式；如果强调分词的动作先于谓语的动作，就用分词完成式被动形式。如：vThequestionbeingdiscussedisimportant.vHavingbeencriticizedbytheteacher,LiMinggaveupsmoking.v【注注】：beingd
3、one不能作状语vhavingbeendone不能作定语v分词不管充当什么成分，都和所修饰的名词或者分词不管充当什么成分，都和所修饰的名词或者代词或者句子的主语形成主谓关系。代词或者句子的主语形成主谓关系。v1.作定语作定语v分词短语作定语时，分词短语放在被修饰的名词之后；单个分词作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之前。相当于定语从句。如：vThemanstandingbythewindowsisourteacher.（standing和所修饰的man形成主谓关系）vInthefollowingyearsheworkedevenharder.三、现在分词的句法功能三、现在分词的句法功能whoissta
4、ndingbythewindowsIntheyearsthatfollowed【注注】分词作前置定语分词作前置定语(不同含义）不同含义）1.下列由动词变成形容词化的分词表达不同的含义。下列由动词变成形容词化的分词表达不同的含义。V-ing表示他表示他人他物令人感到怎么样。人他物令人感到怎么样。V-ed本身自己感到怎么样本身自己感到怎么样。interesting,interested;exciting,excited;annoying,annoyed;amazing,amazed;amusing,amused;astonishing,astonished;boring,bored;confusi
5、ng,confused;disappointing,disappointed;encouraging,encouraged;embarrassing,embarrassed;frightening,frightened;inspiring,inspiredHehada_(terrifying,terrified)lookinhiseyes.Theboyansweredina_(frightening,frightened)voice.terrifiedfrightenedHissonwas.Theoldmanfeltunhappy.Hissonwas,soheregrettednothavin
6、gpreparedmuchforthetest.2.2.有些形容词化的分词表到不同的含义。有些形容词化的分词表到不同的含义。V-ingV-ing表示动作正在进行。表示动作正在进行。V-edV-ed表示动作已完成，不表被动。表示动作已完成，不表被动。rising/risen,rising/risen,falling/fallen,falling/fallen,developing/developeddeveloping/developed,changing/changed,changing/changed,fading/fadedfading/faded,boiled/boiling,boile
7、d/boiling,drowning/drowneddrowning/drowned China is a China is a developingdeveloping country.(country.(发展中的发展中的)America is a America is a developeddeveloped country.country.（发达的）（发达的）disappointingdisappointedboiling waterboiled waterfading flowers faded flowersa drowning mana drowned man falling le
8、avesfallen leavesa retired workeran escaped prisonerreturned students正在沸腾的正在沸腾的已经沸腾过的已经沸腾过的正在凋谢的正在凋谢的已经凋谢的已经凋谢的快要淹死的快要淹死的已经淹死的已经淹死的正在飘落的树叶正在飘落的树叶落落叶叶退休工人退休工人逃犯逃犯归国留学生归国留学生分词作定语相当于定语从句分词作定语相当于定语从句(1).The boy sitting under that tree is my brother.The boy who is sitting under that tree is my brother.I
9、know the people building the house there.I know the people who are building the house there The building completed last month is a bankThebuildingthatwascompletedlastmonthisabankThehousebeingbuiltoverthereisashop.被动,正在建Thehousethatisbeingbuiltoverthereisashop.Thehousebuiltoverthereisashop.（被动、已建好）Th
10、ehousethatisbuiltoverthereisashop.v2作表语。如：作表语。如：vThenewsisinspiring.v3.作宾语补足语。如：作宾语补足语。如：vWesawtheteachermakingtheexperiment.v注意：在注意：在see，hear，watch，fell，observe，have，notice等动词后，既可以用现在分词构成复合宾语，也等动词后，既可以用现在分词构成复合宾语，也可以用不定式构成复合宾语，但两者的含义是有区别的，可以用不定式构成复合宾语，但两者的含义是有区别的，用现在分词，表示动作正在发生（即处于发生的过程中，用现在分词，表示动作
11、正在发生（即处于发生的过程中，还没有结束），用不定式表示动作发生了（即动作全过还没有结束），用不定式表示动作发生了（即动作全过程结束了）。如：程结束了）。如：vIsawthegirlgettingonthebus.vIsawthegirlgetintothecaranddriveoff.v【注注】：“have+宾语宾语+现在分词现在分词”表示主体表示主体使客体处于某状态或干什么事；使客体处于某状态或干什么事；“have+宾语宾语+过去分词过去分词”表示动作是别人做的或与主体意志无表示动作是别人做的或与主体意志无关。如：关。如：vHehadhisclotheswashed.v（他叫别人洗了衣服。
12、）vWehadthefireburningallday.v（我们使火燃烧了一整天。）1.语态时态含义：（主动与被动，一般时与完成时，时间状语，原因状语，方式/伴随状语，条件状语，结果状语，让步状语）v2.主语一致性：分词语态与主句主语一致v3.避免重复连词v4.否定词位置v5.有些动词是被动结构主动含义v6.有些动词分词作为插入语v7.Beingdone不做状语4.作状语作状语v主语一致性主语一致性动词的现在分词和过去分词形式都动词的现在分词和过去分词形式都可以引导一个分词短语作句子的状语。一般来说，可以引导一个分词短语作句子的状语。一般来说，不管用现在分词还是过去分词作状语，分词的逻不管用现
13、在分词还是过去分词作状语，分词的逻辑主语都应当与句子的实际主语保持一致。如：辑主语都应当与句子的实际主语保持一致。如：1.Hearingthenews,histearsrolleddownhisface.Whenheheardthenews,histearsrolleddownhisface.2.Wateredintime,hecouldgrowtheflowerbetterthanbefore.Wateringtheflowerintime,hecouldgrowtheflowerbetterthanbefore.Wateredintime,theflowercouldgrowbettert
14、hanbefore.错错错错A.作时间状语：作时间状语：_(wander)throughthesquare,Icaughtsightofasnake-charmer.WhileIwaswanderingthroughthesquare,Icaughtsightofasnake-charmer.B.作原因状语：作原因状语：_(know)heraddress,wecouldgetintouchwithher.Becauseweknewheraddress,wecouldgetintouchwithher.WanderingKnowingC.方式方式/伴随状语伴随状语;Shewatchedthefi
15、lm,_(weep)and_(sigh).Shewatchedthefilm,whilesheweptandsighedD.作条件状语：作条件状语：_(play)allday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.Ifyouplayallday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.weepingsighingPlayingvE.作结果状语：作结果状语：(意料中的结果意料中的结果)Thehuntersfired,_(shoot)oneofthewolves.v区别区别:不定式表示意外的结果不定式表示意外的结果vHehurriedtothestation,
16、only_(find)thetrainhadleft.vF.作让步状语：作让步状语：_(rain)heavily,itclearedupverysoon.Thoughitrainedheavily,itclearedupverysoon.shootingtofindRainingv1、某些表示内在品质和性能的不及物动词的非进行体、某些表示内在品质和性能的不及物动词的非进行体形式，如：形式，如：lock(锁锁)，open(开开),clean（弄干净（弄干净,move（移动）（移动）,wash（洗）（洗）,sell（卖）（卖）,write（写）（写）,weigh（称重）（称重）,measure（量
17、）（量）,read（读）（读）,shut（关）（关）,break（打碎）（打碎）,ride（骑）（骑）,wear（穿）（穿）,addup（加起来）等等（加起来）等等,句中往往用物作主语，且与一个行句中往往用物作主语，且与一个行为方式状语（常用作行为方式状语的副词有：为方式状语（常用作行为方式状语的副词有：well,easily,long,fast,smoothly,rough等等）连或用于否等等）连或用于否定，表示某物展示出的该动作的某一特性，该特性促使定，表示某物展示出的该动作的某一特性，该特性促使动作得以实现或难以实现。例如：动作得以实现或难以实现。例如：vGlassbreakseasil
18、y.玻璃易打碎。玻璃易打碎。Mypenwritessmoothly.我的钢笔好写。我的钢笔好写。Thiskindofcarsellsverywell.这种车销路很好。这种车销路很好。Thematerialwontwear.这种材料不经久耐用。这种材料不经久耐用。四、用主动表达被动含义的动词四、用主动表达被动含义的动词v2、某些表状态的联系动词，如、某些表状态的联系动词，如look,smell,taste,feel,sound等等，它通常以形容词作表语，等等，它通常以形容词作表语，一般不跟副词，不与一般不跟副词，不与tobe连用。连用。vCottonfeelssoft.棉花摸起来很柔软。棉花摸起
19、来很柔软。Helooksblue.他显得神情沮丧。他显得神情沮丧。Thisdishtastesdelicious.这道菜味道鲜美。这道菜味道鲜美。Hisconclusionsoundedreasonable.他的结他的结论听起来很合理。论听起来很合理。有些动词看似被动用主动在用法上的体现_delicious,thesoupwassoldoutsoonerorlater.A.TosmellB.SmelledC.SmeltD.Smelling_suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.A.HavingsufferedB
20、.SufferingC.TosufferD.SufferedDA被动结构主动含义(括号中是对应的主动结词）beseated(sit),bedressed(wear),bedevotedto(devotesth.to)beinvolvedin，beaddictedtobeabsorbedin，befacedwith(face/faceupto)beconvinced(believe)，beoccupiedwithbedeterminedto，beintendedforbasedon(dependingon)belocatedin(liein/standin)beinformedof(know)对
21、比1.Thefilmwasmadebasedonatrueoldstory.Thefilmwasmadedependingonatrueoldstory.2.Devotedtohisresearch,healmostforgoteverything.Devotinghimselftohisresearch,healmostforgoteverything.3.Thewomankepthereyesfixedonherbabyforquitesometime.Thewomankepthereyeslookingatherbabyforquitesometime.分词作插入语分词作插入语但是也有分
22、词的逻辑主语与句子的实际主语不一致的情况，如：分词作插入语的结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。例如：generallyspeaking一般说来，talkingof（speakingof）说道strictlyspeaking严格的说，judgingfrom从判断allthingsconsidered从整体来看，considering-考虑到-takingallthingsintoconsideration全面看来providedthat-/supposingthat-如果-例如：Judgingfromhisface,hemustbeill.从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。_thepast,
23、ourlifeisbecomingmuchbetter.A.ComparingwithB.BecomparedwithB.C.TocomparewithD.ComparedWithD有些动词含义不同，同一动词两种语态1.Consideringhisage,heisnotfitforthejob.Consideredthebestdetective,hewassenttotrackdowntheassassin2.Judgingfrompastperformances,heisnotlikelytodoverywellinhisexams.Judgedunpractical,theplanwas
24、abandoned.v下面考考你，看你是否已经掌握了这一点。1._fromhisaccent,hemustbefromAustralia.A.JudgingB.Judgedv2._innocent,hewassetfree.vA.JudgingB.Judged3._thestateofmindshewasin,shedbetterstayathome.vA.ConsideringB.Considered4._mostuseful,Englishisstudiedbymillionsofpeopleintheworld.vA.ConsideringB.Considered5._tobethesy
25、mbolofthenation,theGreatWallhasbeenwellpreserved.vA.ConsideringB.ConsideredABABB动词三种形态比较_(catch)theearlybus,hegotupearly._(catch)theearlybus,andyoucannotmissthemeeting._(catch)theearlybus,youcannotmissthemeeting.TocatchCatchCatching从句与主句主语不一致时使用独立结构独立结构名词名词(代词代词)+现在分词、过去分词；现在分词、过去分词；名词名词(代词代词)+形容词；形
26、容词；名词名词(代词代词)+副词；副词；名词名词(代词代词)+不定式；不定式；名词名词(代词代词)+介词短语构成介词短语构成。Theletterhavingbeenwritten,hetookittothepostWhentheletterhadbeenwritten,hetookittothepostNoonebeingagainstit,wewilladopttheproposalSincenooneisagainstit,wewilladopttheproposalv1._nobus,wehadtowalkhome.A.TherewasB.TherebeingvC.Becausether
27、ebeingD.Therewerev2._,Illgotherewithyoutomorrowafternoon.A.TimepermitsB.IftimepermittedC.TimepermittingD.Timespermitting3._,weallwenthomehappily.A.GoodbyewassaidB.GoodbyehadbeensaidC.GoodbyesaidD.Whengoodbyesaid4._,weallwentswimminginhighspirits.A.ItbeingfineweatherB.ItsbeingfineweatherC.Itwasfinewe
28、atherD.Itbeingafineweather5._,Ihadtobuyanewone.A.MydictionarylosingB.MydictionaryhavingbeenlostC.MydictionaryhadbeenlostD.Becausemydictionarylost高考连接6._productionupby60%,thecompanyhashadanotherexcellentyear.A.AsB.ForC.WithD.Through7.Withalotofwork_,Ihavetosituptonight.A.doB.doingC.doneD.todo8.Hestoo
29、dtheresilently,hislips_.A.tremblingB.trembledC.weretremblingD.weretrembling9._,hersuggestionisofgreatervaluethanyours.A.AllthingsconsideringB.AllthingsconsideredC.AllthingswereconsideredD.WithallthingswereconsideredI.Multiple choice:1._thedistancewastoolongandthetimewasshort,we decidednottodrivetoFl
30、orida.A.Discovering B.Todiscover C.TohavediscoveredD.Discovered2.-Hi,Mary.Wouldyouliketogototheconcertthisevening?-Sorry,Tom._tomorrowslessons,Ihavenotimetogo outwithyou.A.Notpreparing B.Nothavingprepared C.Nottoprepare D.Beingnotprepared3.Thebuilding_willbecompletedinamonth.Itwillbeourlabbuilding.A
31、.topaint B.beingpainted C.tohavepaintedD.painting4.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_onabig rockbythesideofthepath.A.tohaverested B.resting C.torestD.rest5.TheEnglishexamisnotdifficult,isit?_.EvenTom_tothetopstudentsfailedinit.A.Yes;belongs B.No;belonged C.Yes;belonging D.No;belonging6.-Whatdoyous
32、upposemadeherworried?-_agoldring.A.LoseB.Lost C.Losing D.Becauseoflosing7.Doyoufeellike_out?No.Idratherwe_ataxi.A.todrive;takeB.todrive;took C.driving;take D.driving;took8.Attheendof2004,therewerearound6,000foreign printingcompaniesinChina,_uparound4percent ofnationaltotal.A.madeB.tomake C.making D.
33、havingmade10.-Lucydoesntseemtobewhatshewas.-No_somuchinthewarhasmadehermore thoughtful.A.Seen B.Herseeing C.Havingseen D.Tohaveseen11.Isthereanypossibilityofthefilm_inParis InternationalFestival?Notintheleast,becauseaudiencegenerallythinklittleofit.A.tryingoutB.triedoutC.totryoutD.beingtriedout12.Wh
34、enshereturnedhome,shefoundtheroomlightingand_A.enteredB.enteringC.toenterD.enter 13.HowdidyougetintouchwithMrs.Green?Well,itseemstomethatyouveforgotten _hertelephonenumbertheotherday.A.totell B.tohavetold C.telling D.beingtold14._severaltimes,theyoungscientiststillkeptonmakinghisexperiments.A.Having
35、beenfailed B.Havingfailed C.Thoughfailed D.Becauseoffailure.14.-Whatterribleweather!Isimplycantgetthecar-Whynottry _ theenginewithsomehotwater?A.starting;fillingB.start;fillingC.started;tofill D.tostart;fill15.Thatsthebestwayyouthoughtof_intothe dangerousareasA.stoppingpeoplegetting B.tostoppeoplege
36、ttingC.tokeeppeoplegetting D.preventpeoplefromgetting16._onthetopofthemountainisanancienttower_ backto2hundredyearsago.A.Standing;datingB.Tostand;todateC.Havingstood;datingD.Stand;dated1.The Olympic Games,1.The Olympic Games,in 776 B.C,did not include women in 776 B.C,did not include women players u
37、ntil 1912.players until 1912.A.first playing B.to be first played A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playingC.first played D.to be first playing4.The boy lay on his back,with his teeth 4.The boy lay on his back,with his teeth ,his right hand,his right hand ,and his gla
38、ring eyesand his glaring eyes straight upward.straight upward.A.set,raising,looked B.set,raised,looking A.set,raising,looked B.set,raised,looking C.setting,raised,looked D.to set,raising,looking C.setting,raised,looked D.to set,raising,looking5._from space,our earth,with water 70%of its surface,appe
39、ars as a“blue planet”.A.Seeing,covering B.Having seen,covered C.To see,covered D.Seen,covering6.My brother left the work half ,for you can find many books scattered on the floor.A.done,lying B.doing,lain C.do,lay D.did,lie8.Having been served lunch .A.the problem was discussed by the members of the
40、clubB.the members of the club discussed the problemC.it was discussed by the members of the clubD.a discussion of the problem was made by the members9.He has lots of books,that he is still young.A.considering B.considered C.being considered D.our considering10.“more attention,my pronunciation will b
41、e improved greatly.”,and“_more time,I will improve my pronunciation greatly”.A.Given,Giving B.Given,Given C.Giving,Giving D.Giving,Given11.Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour.A.pay B.paying C.paid D.to pay13._is know to all,China will be an and powerful country in 20 or 30 year ti
42、me.A.That,advancing B.This advanced C.As,advanced D.It,advancing14.Jack didnt get his bicycle soon enough at Jacks,for John had a lot of bicycles _at the time.A.to be repaired,to repair B.repaired,to repair C.to repair,to be repaired D.to repair,repaired15.She felt rather that she should drive the c
43、ar at such a speed.A.frightening,frightening B.frightened,frightened C.frightening,frightened D.frightened,frightening v16.Thefirsttextbook_forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havewrittenB.tobewrittenB.C.beingwrittenD.writtenv17.Therewasaterriblenoise_thesuddenburstoflight.
44、A.followedB.followingB.C.tobefollowedD.beingfollowedv18._,liquidscanbechangedintogases.vA.HeatingB.TobeheatedC.HeatedD.Heatv19.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,_alongspeechforthepresident.vA.toprepareB.preparingvC.preparedD.waspreparingv20._areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.vA.NotreceivingB.Receivingno
45、tvC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceivedv21.Hewrotealettertohissister,_thathewouldnotcomeback.vA.sayingB.totellC.andtellingD.toldv22.Wemustkeepthem_ofwhatisgoingonhere.vA.informingB.informedvC.toinformD.beinginformedv23._toleavethework_,theykeptatit,_upuntil2oclock.vA.Notwanting,unfinished,stayed;vB
46、.Nottowant,unfinishing,stayedvC.Notwanting,unfinished,staying;D.Nottowanting,unfinishing,stayingv25.Itisnt_thathefailedtopasstheexam.vA.surpriseB.surprisingvC.surprisedD.tosurprisev26.Climbingmountainsis_,soweallfelt_.vA.tiring,tiredB.tired,tiringvC.tiring,tiringD.tired,tiredv28.Mary,youmustgetyourr
47、oom_todayafterschool.A.cleanedB.CleaningB.C.toclean D.tobecleanedv29.Keepyoumouth_andyoureyes_.vA.shut,openedB.shutting,openvC.shut,openD.shutting,openedv30.Thereisariver_aroundourschool.vA.torunB.runningC.run D.toberunningv32.Thewatch_nowishers.vA.repairedB.toberepairedvC.beingrepairedD.havingbeenrepairedv33.Mostofthepeople_tothepartywereoldfriends.vA.invitedB.invitingvC.toinvite D.havingbeeninvited