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1、虚虚拟语气气-全面而全面而强大大-公开公开课ifIwereabutterflyIfabutterfly,youlordforgivingmewings，Ifarobinintree,youlordthatIcouldsing，Ifafishinthesea,mytailandwithglee，ButIjustthankyoufatherformakingme,me,Foryougavemeaheartandyougavemeasmile，YougavemeJesusandyoumademeyourchild，ButIjustthankyoufatherformakingme,meIwereId
2、thankIwereIwereIdthankIdwiggleIdgiggle_2020/12/242QUESTION:Whydoweuse“ifIwereabutterfly,Idthanklordforgivingmewings.”?Why dont we say:“if I am a butterfly,I will thank lord for giving me wings.”?2020/12/2431.英语动词有三种语气，陈述语气，祈英语动词有三种语气，陈述语气，祈使语气和使语气和虚拟语气虚拟语气。2.2.定义：用来表示说的话定义：用来表示说的话不是事实不是事实，或者是或者是不可能发
3、生不可能发生或可能性比较小可能性比较小的的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。语气叫虚拟语气。一、虚拟语气定义一、虚拟语气定义2020/12/244If I am free,I will visit you.If I were a bird,I would fly into the sky.a.If引导的引导的真实条件句真实条件句 表示条件是表示条件是真的或有真的或有可能实现的可能实现的,采用采用陈述语气陈述语气。b.If引导的引导的虚拟条件句虚拟条件句 表示条件是表示条件是无法实现无法实现或几乎无法实现的或几乎无法实现的,采用采用虚拟语气虚拟语气。
4、afactualsituationawishCompare and find the difference.Indicativemoodsubjectivemood2020/12/245Why dont we say:“if I am a butterfly,I will thank lord for giving me wings.”?Impossible！2020/12/2461.虚拟语气在非真实虚拟语气在非真实if条件句中的用条件句中的用法法（unrealconditionalclause)2.虚拟语气用于宾语从句虚拟语气用于宾语从句2020/12/247If I were Harry
5、Potter,I would possess magic.1.如果我是哈利波特，我就会拥有魔法。如果我是哈利波特，我就会拥有魔法。2.如果我现在口袋里有如果我现在口袋里有6000元，我就去买元，我就去买Iphone5sIf I had 6000 yuan in my pocket now,I would buy an Iphone5s.2020/12/248Observe(观察观察)If I were Harry Potter,I would possess magic.If I had a lot of money,I would go shopping.summary of the rul
6、es 对现在的虚拟对现在的虚拟2020/12/249Whatwouldyoudoifyouwereaboy(girl)?If I were a boy,I would 2020/12/2410If he had got up early,he would not have been late for work.（与过去事实相反）（与过去事实相反）1.如果他早起，他就不会上班迟到。如果他早起，他就不会上班迟到。2.如果她没有吃那么多的糖，她就不会被拔牙。如果她没有吃那么多的糖，她就不会被拔牙。If she hadnt eaten so much candy,she wouldnt have ha
7、d her teeth pulled out.2020/12/2411Observe(观察观察)If he had got up early,he would not have been late for school.If she hadnt eaten so much candy,she wouldnt have had her teeth pulled out.summary of the rules对过去的虚拟对过去的虚拟2020/12/2412If he _（drive)more carefully,he _ (not have)the car accident yesterday.
8、（与过去事实相反）（与过去事实相反）had driven would not have had 2020/12/2413If I _(learn)how to swim,I _(be)trapped in this island.（与过去事实相反）（与过去事实相反）had learntwould not have been2020/12/2414Longtimeago,afarmersavedasnake.Butlater,thefarmerwasbittenbythesnakeanddied.theFarmerandtheSnake农夫与蛇农夫与蛇2020/12/2415What would
9、 have happened if the farmer hadnt seen the snake?If the famer _(not see)the snake,he _(not put)it under his coat;if he _(not put)it under his coat,the snake _(not bite)him;if the snake_(not bite)him,he _(not die).hadnt seenwouldnt have puthadnt putwouldnt have bittenhadnt bittenwouldnt have died.与过
10、去事实相反的虚拟语气：与过去事实相反的虚拟语气：2020/12/2416If it were fine tomorrow,I might go shopping.If he got up early tomorrow morning,he would be here on time.If she should see me,she would recognize me.If I were to go abroad,I would go to America.2020/12/2417If it were fine tomorrow,I might go shopping.If he got up
11、 early tomorrow morning,he would be here on time.If she should see me,she would recognize me.If I were to go abroad,I would go to America.Observe(观察观察)对将来的虚拟对将来的虚拟2020/12/2418Workwithyourpartnersaboutwhat would you do if you should be admitted to your famous university in the future.IfIshouldbeadmit
12、tedtomyfavoriteuniversity,Iwould_.2020/12/2419If the God _(give)meanother chance，I_(tell)the girl three words,“I love you.”If I _(have to)set a time limit to our love,It_(be)10,000 years!should give/were to give/gave would tellhad to would be 如果上天能够给我一个再来一次的机会，如果上天能够给我一个再来一次的机会，我会对那个女孩子说三个字：我爱你。我会对那
13、个女孩子说三个字：我爱你。如果非要在这份爱上加上一个期限，我希望是如果非要在这份爱上加上一个期限，我希望是-一万年一万年!2020/12/2420虚拟语气虚拟语气用来表示说话人用来表示说话人所说的话所说的话不是一个事实不是一个事实，而而只是一种愿望、假设、只是一种愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测、空想怀疑、猜测、空想等。等。TheSubjunctiveMood2020/12/2421条件条件从句从句If从句的谓语形从句的谓语形式式主句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在现在过去过去未来未来did/werehad donewould/could/should/might+dowould/could/should/
14、might+have done2.should+do3.were to dowould/could/should/might+do虚拟语气虚拟语气1.If 从句虚拟用法小结从句虚拟用法小结Summary2020/12/2422注意事项注意事项1.If虚拟条件句的省略虚拟条件句的省略2.If虚拟条件句的一个特殊句型虚拟条件句的一个特殊句型3.错综虚拟语气错综虚拟语气2020/12/2424WereittorainIfIwereyou,Iwouldhelphim.WereIyou,Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Hadyoucomeearlier,If
15、itshouldrain,thesportsmeetwillbeputoff.Shouldit rain,Ifitweretorain,thesportsmeetwillbeputoff.1.If虚拟条件句的省略虚拟条件句的省略在含有在含有were/should/had的的if虚拟条件句中，虚拟条件句中，省略省略if，并将，并将were/should/had移到主语前。移到主语前。2020/12/2425要是没有空气，没植物可以生长（与现在事实相反）要是没有空气，没植物可以生长（与现在事实相反）要不是你的建议，我就不可能通过考试了（与过去事实相反）要不是你的建议，我就不可能通过考试了（与过去事
16、实相反）2.Specialpattern:ifitwerenotforifithadnotbeenfor若不是若不是Ifitwerenotforair,noplantcouldgrow.Ifithadnotbeenforyouradvice,Icouldnthavepassedtheexam.WereitnotforHaditnotbeenfor2020/12/2426(1).不同时间的虚拟，遵守相应的规则不同时间的虚拟，遵守相应的规则Ifyouhadfollowedtheteachersadvice,youwouldntbeinthehospitalnow.3.混合虚拟条件句混合虚拟条件句2
17、020/12/24271.Ifyouthemeetingyesterday,youwhatwearedoingnow.(attend,know)2.Ifyoumyadvicethen,you_introublenow.(follow,be)hadattendedwouldknowhadfollowedwouldnotbe2020/12/2428（2）虚拟现象与客观事实错综交织）虚拟现象与客观事实错综交织Hecould have passedtheexam,buthewasnt careful enough.他本来能通过考试的，但他不够细心。他本来能通过考试的，但他不够细心。1.1.They _
18、 earlier,but the car wasnt ready.They _ earlier,but the car wasnt ready.A.can have left A.can have left B.may have left B.may have left C.will have left C.will have left D.might have leftD.might have left2.We could have walked to the station;it was so near.2.We could have walked to the station;it wa
19、s so near.Yes.A taxi _ at all necessary.Yes.A taxi _ at all necessary.A.wasnt A.wasnt B.hadnt been B.hadnt been C.wouldnt be C.wouldnt be D.wont be D.wont be 2020/12/2429It is said that a falling It is said that a falling star could let your star could let your dream come true.If dream come true.If
20、you saw a falling star,you saw a falling star,what wishes what wishes would would you you make?make?I wish _.虚拟语气用于宾语从句中虚拟语气用于宾语从句中1.wish后的宾语从句后的宾语从句2020/12/2430I wish I were a bird.I wish I could fly like a bird.2020/12/2431I wish I were as tall as you.IwishIbecameasfamousasYaoMing.1)表示对表示对现在情况的虚拟现
21、在情况的虚拟:从句动词用从句动词用过去过去 时时(be动词一般用动词一般用were)。2020/12/2432The party was terrible,I wish I had never gone to it.2020/12/2433I wish I hadnteaten so much watermelon.(not eat)（2）wish表示对表示对过去情况过去情况的虚拟：的虚拟：I wish（that）sb had done 2020/12/2434I wish it would rain tomorrow.2020/12/2435（3）对对将来情况将来情况的虚拟：的虚拟：I wi
22、sh(that)sb would/could/might doI wish I _.(possess)2020/12/2436wishwish+did/were(与与现在现在事实相反的情况事实相反的情况,)+haddone(与过去事实相反与过去事实相反)+would/could/might+do(将来不大可能实现的愿望将来不大可能实现的愿望)小结：小结：2020/12/2437Iwish_.2020/12/2438 “wish+宾语从句宾语从句”表不能实现的愿望，译为表不能实现的愿望，译为“但愿但愿”wish+宾语从句宾语从句（与主句动作同时发生）（与主句动作同时发生）2.had done(发
23、生在主句动作之前发生在主句动作之前)3.would/could/should/might+动词原形动词原形（发生在主句动作之后（发生在主句动作之后）IwishI_(attend)yourpartyyesterday.hadattendedIwishit_(be)springalltheyeararound.were Iwishyou_(go)withustomorrow.wouldgoWish和和asif/asthough及及wouldrather后所接后所接形式是一样的。形式是一样的。2020/12/24391.Sheisnotbeautiful.Shewishesshe_(be)beaut
24、iful.2.IvotedforObama.IwishI_(voteagainst)him.3.Hecantdrawwell.Hewisheshe_(candraw)verywellsomeday.werehad voted against could draw2020/12/2440用在用在wouldrather引导的宾语从句中引导的宾语从句中谓语动词用谓语动词用1.过去式（过去式（与主句动作同时发生与主句动作同时发生）2.haddone（发生在主句动作之前发生在主句动作之前）3.would+动词原形（动词原形（发生在主句动作发生在主句动作之后）之后）I would rather we _(
25、stop)now.stoppedI would rather she _(do)that yesterday.had not done2020/12/2441谓语动词用谓语动词用用在用在asif(asthough)引导的表语从句或状语从句中引导的表语从句或状语从句中1.过去式（与主句动作同时发生）过去式（与主句动作同时发生）2.haddone（发生在主句动作之前）（发生在主句动作之前）3.would+动词原形（发生在主句动作之后）动词原形（发生在主句动作之后）Helooksasifhe _(be)anartist.wereHespeaksEnglishsofluentlyasifhe_(stu
26、dy)EnglishinEnglandbefore.hadstudied2020/12/2442用在用在(要是要是就好了就好了)引导的句中引导的句中ifonly+1.过去式（表现在的假设）过去式（表现在的假设）2.haddone（表过去的假设）（表过去的假设）3.would+动词原形（表将来的假设）动词原形（表将来的假设）补充IfonlyI_abird!wereIfonlyI_(take)hisadvice!had taken2020/12/2443 wish,as if wish,as if 以及以及以及以及 if only if only 的虚拟形式：的虚拟形式：的虚拟形式：的虚拟形式：这
27、几个词（词组）表虚拟时，其后所用的虚拟形式与这几个词（词组）表虚拟时，其后所用的虚拟形式与这几个词（词组）表虚拟时，其后所用的虚拟形式与这几个词（词组）表虚拟时，其后所用的虚拟形式与条件从句基本相同，即此陈述语气中的时态后退一个时态。条件从句基本相同，即此陈述语气中的时态后退一个时态。条件从句基本相同，即此陈述语气中的时态后退一个时态。条件从句基本相同，即此陈述语气中的时态后退一个时态。随随随随“时时时时”变化的几种用法：变化的几种用法：变化的几种用法：变化的几种用法：时间时间时间时间谓语动词虚拟语气谓语动词虚拟语气谓语动词虚拟语气谓语动词虚拟语气wish/asif/wish/asif/ast
28、hough/ifasthough/ifonly/wouldonly/wouldratherrather现在现在现在现在动词过去式（动词过去式（动词过去式（动词过去式（bebe多用多用多用多用werewere）过去过去过去过去had+had+过去分词过去分词过去分词过去分词将来将来将来将来would+would+动词原形动词原形动词原形动词原形2020/12/2444 1.How I wish the company _(没有倒闭没有倒闭).(close)hadntcloseddown他待我像亲生女儿一样。他待我像亲生女儿一样。Hetreatsmeasif_.Iwereherowndaughter.要是我没告诉他这消息就好了要是我没告诉他这消息就好了。Ifonly_.Ihadnottoldherthenews.2020/12/24452020/12/2446