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1、 In China,rubbish,such as used plastic bags and boxes known as“white pollution”is becoming a serious problem.Many lakes and rivers are polluted by the waste from factories.As the wealth of the country increases,more waste will be produced.If everyone in the country were to buy one soft-drink can eac
2、h day and throw it away,the whole country would soon be covered with rubbish.What can be inferred from the last sentence of the paragraph above?If everyone were to buy one soft-drink can each day and throw it away,the whole country would soon be covered with rubbish.与将来事实相反与将来事实相反:从句从句 主句主句If+主语主语+w
3、ere to do sthshould do sthdid sth 主语主语+would/could should/might do sth Many years later,I was sailing to Europe on a fine sailing ship across the Atlantic.For the greater part of the voyage we had pleasant weather,but towards the end of our crossing a terrible storm blew up and the ship would have s
4、unk with all on board if it had not been for the efforts of the captain.What would have happened if the captain had not been on board?the ship would have sunk with all on board if it had not been与过去事实相反与过去事实相反:从句从句 主句主句If+主语主语+主语主语+would/could should/might have done sthhaddonesth一：含一：含IF条件句的虚拟语气条件句的
5、虚拟语气If 条件句条件句 主主 句句pastnowfuturehad+done would/could/might/should +have donedid/were would/could/might/should +dodid/wereshould dowere to+do1.如果你早来5分钟，你就赶上这趟车了。If you _ here five minutes earlier，you _ the bus.2.如果我现在不忙，我就来帮你了。If I _ not busy,I _ you now.3.如果明天下雪了，我们怎么办？What _ we do if it _tomorrow?h
6、ad gotwerewould helpshould were to snowWould have caughtIf I _busy last night,I _ to see the film with you.had not beenwould have goneIf he more carefully,he the car accident yesterday.would not have had had driven If he _(not receive)the infected blood transfusion that day,had not receivedhe(not in
7、fect)with AIDS.could not have been infectedIf I _(know)your telephone number,I _ (telephone)you yesterday.had knownwould have telephonedn省略if,用“were,had,should+主语”.例如:Were I in school again,I would work harder.Had you been here earlier,you would have seen him.Should there be a meeting tomorrow,I wou
8、ld come.但在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式,如我们可以说:Were it not for the expense,I would go to Italy.但不能说Werent it for the expense,I would go to Italy.二：虚拟语气特殊型：二：虚拟语气特殊型：1.Wish 2.的宾语从句现在：过去：未来：过去时（were）过去完成时would/could/might+V.should1.IwishIwereabird.（现在）（现在）2.IwishIhadntmadesuchamistake.（过去）（过去）3.Wew
9、ishourparentswouldntpunishus.4.（将来）（将来）2.asif/though+Clause 现在：过去：过去时过去完成时She loves the baby as if it were her own son.I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.后接虚拟语气，表示不可能或不真实的事或情形。3.Wouldratherthat现在：过去：未来：Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.Dontcome.Iwouldrathery
10、oucametomorrow.过去时过去时过去完成时4.Its(about/high)time+thatshould+V.过去时我们该去睡觉了。Itstimethatwewenttobed.Itstimethatweshouldgotobed.5.表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词 使用should+动词原形，或者将should省略。一坚持一坚持二命令二命令三建议三建议四要求四要求insistorder,commandadvise,suggest,proposedemand,require,request,desireeg:Wesugges
11、tedthatwe(should)haveameeting.Weinsistedthatthey(should)gowithus.Thedoctororderedthatshe(should)stayinbedforafewdays.注意：注意：insist表示表示“坚持说坚持说”时时,后后面从句不用虚拟语气面从句不用虚拟语气.如如:Sheinsistedthathehadstolenherbike.Suggest表示表示“暗示暗示”,“表明表明”时时,后面从句中不用虚拟后面从句中不用虚拟.如如:Herpalefacesuggeststhatsheisill.注意：以上动词相应的名词构成的注意
12、：以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气。从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。句中的动词形式一样。order,advice,suggestion,order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,proposal,demand,request,desiredesire Weallagreedtohissuggestionthatwe(should)gotoBeijingforsightseeing.Mysuggestion/ideaisthatwe(should
13、)exercisesfirst6.without和和butfor构成的虚拟。构成的虚拟。Withoutsunlight,peopleslifewouldbedifferentfromtoday.Butforyourhelp,Iwouldnthavefinishedthework.7.If only 引引导的虚拟。要是导的虚拟。要是就好了就好了 If only I knew his name!If only we had followed your advice!If only I could see him again!n n8.虚虚拟语气用于主气用于主语从句从句在主在主在主在主语语从句中，从
14、句中，从句中，从句中，谓语动词谓语动词的虚的虚的虚的虚拟语拟语气气气气结结构用构用构用构用“shouldshould十十十十动词动词原形原形原形原形”的的的的结结构，表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理构，表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理构，表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理构，表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应应如此等例如：如此等例如：如此等例如：如此等例如：Itisnecessary(importantItisnecessary(important，naturalnatural，strangestrange，etc)thatweetc)thatweshouldcleanshouldcleantheroomeveryda
15、y.theroomeveryday.Itwasapity(ashameItwasapity(ashame，nowondernowonder，etc)thatyoushouldbesoetc)thatyoushouldbesocarelesscarelessItwillbedesired(suggestedItwillbedesired(suggested，decideddecided，orderedordered，requestedrequested，proposedproposed，etc)etc)thatsheshouldfinishherhomeworkthisafternoonthat
16、sheshouldfinishherhomeworkthisafternoon在上述三种主在上述三种主在上述三种主在上述三种主语语从句中，从句中，从句中，从句中，shouldshould意意意意为为“应该应该”,“,“竟然竟然竟然竟然”，可以省去，可以省去，可以省去，可以省去，但不可但不可但不可但不可换换用用用用would.would.主句所用主句所用主句所用主句所用动词动词的的的的时态时态不限不限不限不限注意：注意：注意：注意：这这种从句表示的是事种从句表示的是事种从句表示的是事种从句表示的是事实实如果如果如果如果说话说话人人人人对这对这种事种事种事种事实实表表表表现现出出出出惊奇的情感，就可用虚惊奇的情感，就可用虚惊奇的情感，就可用虚惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语拟语气反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感气反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感气反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感气反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感ThatThat从句也可用从句也可用从句也可用从句也可用陈陈述述述述语语气，例如：气，例如：气，例如：气，例如：Itisastrangethathedidnotcomeyesterday.Itisastrangethathedidnotcomeyesterday.ItisapitythatyoucantswimItisapitythatyoucantswim