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1、高三英语阅读理解猜词技巧课件第一页，本课件共有60页设问设问特点：特点：1、从原文中找、从原文中找单词单词，短，短语语或句子或句子设问设问。2、所、所问词问词或句与或句与该词该该词该句句常常见见意思不同意思不同，无法，无法望文生望文生义义,只有在具体的只有在具体的上下文上下文中才可判断准中才可判断准确。确。3、所考、所考单词单词有的是有的是生生词词，有的是，有的是旧旧词词新意新意。4、正确、正确选项选项的特征是放在原文不的特征是放在原文不仅单仅单句合理，句合理，全文也合理。全文也合理。5、错误选项错误选项或是或是字面意思字面意思，或是，或是故意胡故意胡说说。第二页，本课件共有60页1.对考纲外
2、生词的猜测对考纲外生词的猜测Theunderlinedwordcultivated(paragraph1)roughlyTheunderlinedwordcultivated(paragraph1)roughlymeans_.means_.2.对考纲内熟词新义的猜测对考纲内熟词新义的猜测Theunderlinedword“hit”(paragraph1)roughlymeansTheunderlinedword“hit”(paragraph1)roughlymeans4.对句义的猜测对句义的猜测WhenIgotbackoutintothestreet,theworldseemedbrand-W
3、henIgotbackoutintothestreet,theworldseemedbrand-newtome.Hewassomethingnewtome.Hewassomethingoutofanancientlegendoutofanancientlegend3.对代词的猜测对代词的猜测 Theunderlinedpart“it”(inPara.4)refersto_.第三页，本课件共有60页词义理解题常见的题型有词义理解题常见的题型有:1.Theword“”refersto/probablymeans/couldbestbereplacedby_.2.Whatdoyouthinkthee
4、xpression“”standsfor?3.Theunderlinedsentence“”means_.第四页，本课件共有60页Howdoyoudealwiththeunfamiliarwordsorphraseswhilereading?Ignore them and continue readingLook them up in the dictionaryGuess the meaning 第五页，本课件共有60页1.He would _ the gold from his grandma.2.Unlike his brother,Hobart is quite _.Howtogues
5、sthemissingwords?Harvey is a thief:he would _ the gold from his grandma and not feel guilty.stealUnlike his brother,who is truly a handsome person,Hobart is quite _.ordinary-lookingplain/homely第六页，本课件共有60页Skills for guessing unknown words:1.Thelionhasits“territory”,whichisanareathatananimal,usuallyt
6、hemale,claims（声称）asitsown.“territory”means_an area(that-own)动物地盘动物地盘2.Heisaresoluteman.Oncehemakesuphismindtodosomething,hewontgiveituphalfway.Theunderlinedwordmeans_.A.strongB.determinedC.kindD.clever定语从句或其后的句子其实是一种定义或解释定语从句或其后的句子其实是一种定义或解释第七页，本课件共有60页技巧归纳技巧归纳1:Use _利用利用_definition or explanation 定
7、义或解释猜测词义定义或解释猜测词义mean,refer to,be called,be known as,can be defined as,in other words,that is,that is to say,namely，be called，be identified as，to put it differently 括号括号,引号引号,破折号，破折号，定语从句定语从句.etc.第八页，本课件共有60页Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots(嫩芽）嫩芽）,or young leave
8、s of trees.The word“pruning”means_A.Regular cutting of the plantsB.Frequent wateringC.Regular use of chemicalsD.Growing the plants high in the mountain技巧归纳技巧归纳 2：Using_ 根据根据_common sense or experience普通常识和经验普通常识和经验第九页，本课件共有60页技巧归纳3:利用_ from_2.Theperiodofadolescence,theperiodbetweenchildhoodandadulth
9、ood,maybelongorshort.A少儿期少儿期B幼儿期幼儿期C青春期青春期D成人成人期同义同义/同位语同位语similarity/appositive1.Infact,onlyabout80ocelots,anendangeredwildcat,existintheU.S.today“ocelot”means_an endangered wild cat 第十页，本课件共有60页ThelargestplayerShanghaiBashiTourismCarCenteroffersawidevarietyofchoices,suchasdeluxesedans,minivans,sta
10、tionwagons,coaches.Santanasedansarethebigfavoriteofthetourists.Theunderlinedwordsusedinthetextreferto_.A.carsinthemakingB.carrentalfirmsC.carsforrentD.carmakers技巧归纳技巧归纳4:利用利用_举例举例 from examplesSignal words：for example，for instance，such as，like，as，etc.第十一页，本课件共有60页技巧归纳技巧归纳5：利用利用_From_1.The snow was f
11、alling.Big flakes drifted(飘）飘）with the wind like feathers.2.Unlike her gregarious sister,Jane is a shy person who does not like to go to parties or make new friends.雪花，雪片雪花，雪片爱交际的爱交际的比较或对比比较或对比 comparison or contrastSignal words:as,like,the same as，unlike,but，however,on the contrary,while,insteadect
12、.第十二页，本课件共有60页技巧归纳技巧归纳6:利用利用_From_(1)Overworkmaycausediseases.over（过分的、过量的）（过分的、过量的）workoverwork“工作过工作过度度”。(2)Therewasadissatisfiedlookinthemanagerseyes.dis“不不”+satisfied“满意的满意的=dissatisfied“不满意不满意的的”。构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等）构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等）Word formation第十三页，本课件共有60页合成合成Compounding 转化转化Conversion派生派生Deri
13、vation构词法构词法Wordformationprefixsuffix第十四页，本课件共有60页 表否定 un-,non-,in-,dis-表相反表相反 un-,de-,dis-,counter-错误失当错误失当 mis-,mal-,pseudo-表向背表向背 pro-,anti-表程度表程度 arch-,super-,ultra-,over-,under-,mini-,semi-,表时间表时间 pre,fore-,post-表方位表方位 sub-,inter-,trans-prefixdecontrol transplant counterattack解除控制 移植 反击 第十五页，本课
14、件共有60页suffix-able （能（能的）的）-less （无，不）（无，不）-wards （向）向）-ship （身份；资格；权力；性（身份；资格；权力；性质）质）-some （易于易于的）的）-hood （状态；性质；时期）（状态；性质；时期）-ish （如（如的；有点儿的；有点儿的）的）-proof (防防的；不能穿透的）的；不能穿透的）-scape （景）（景）-most (最最的）的）waterproof streetscape innermost speechless第十六页，本课件共有60页lHeissaidtobe“undersizedwith“shortlegsanda
15、“roundstomach”.（08广东卷）广东卷）lTalesofthesupernaturalarecommoninallpartsofBritain.（08广东卷）广东卷）lTheycaughttheemotionallandscapefromheartbreaktojoy,butsharetheundeniablelongingforrecoveryandhope.(2010深一模深一模)派生派生Derivation小尺寸的;较矮小的;超自然的风景不可否认的第十七页，本课件共有60页lHewassomethingoutofanancientlegend,hisverystrange,d
16、ustyfelthat,hisfunnyaccentfromwho-knows-where（06广东卷）广东卷）合成合成Compounding 谁都不知是什么地方第十八页，本课件共有60页lGreatculturalchangesledtomoreopencommunicationandamoredemocraticprocessthatencourageseveryonetohaveasay.（08广东卷）广东卷）lSherestedherselfagainstapostclosetothetracks（09广东卷）广东卷）转化转化Conversionv.v.n.n.发言，发表意见发言，发表
17、意见n.n.v.v.倚靠倚靠第十九页，本课件共有60页1.Isheintelligentorstupid?2.MostwomeninGhana-theeducatedandilliterate,theurbanandrural,theyoungandold-worktoearnanincomeinadditiontomaintainingtheirrolesashousewivesandmothers.Theirreputationforeconomicindependence,self-reliance,andhardworkiswellknownandwelldeserved.Theund
18、erlinedword“illiterate”inthepassagemeans_.A.RepeatedB.reiterated.CuneducatedD.sickclever技巧归纳技巧归纳7:利用利用_ From_同义词或反义词的关系猜词。同义词或反义词的关系猜词。Synonym or Antonym.第二十页，本课件共有60页1.Ifeelthatsinceyouaremysuperior（上司）（上司）,itwouldbepresumptuousofmetotellyouwhattodo.”Theword“presumptuous”isclosestinmeaningto“”.Aful
19、lofrespectBrudeandtooconfidentClackinginexperienceDtooshyandquietB技巧归纳技巧归纳8：利用利用_From _原因与结果关系猜词原因与结果关系猜词fromCauseandResultSignal words:because,so,so thathence,thereforeAs a result,assince,for,thus第二十一页，本课件共有60页 The official asked the man what his occupation was.The man told him that he worked as an
20、 engineer.A.work B.study C.name D.interest技巧归纳技巧归纳9:Use_ 利用利用_workedasanengineer.context or related information上下文的语境上下文的语境第二十二页，本课件共有60页利用上下文利用上下文熟词新义熟词新义生活常识生活常识找信息词找信息词指代关系指代关系第二十三页，本课件共有60页1.Whenmenandwomenlivedbyhunting50,000yearsago,howcouldtheyevenbegintopicturemodernlife?2.Themayormadeanaddr
21、esstothecitizensatthemeetingyesterday.imaginespeech第二十四页，本课件共有60页l（福建卷）福建卷）RainforestsliketheAmazonareimportantformoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtoslowglobalwarming.CurrentlythetreesintheAmazontakeinaround500milliontonsofCO2eachyear,equaltothetotalamountofCO2givingoffintheUKeachyear.l64.Thep
22、hrase“moppingup”intheparagraphmeans_.A.cleaningupB.takinginC.wipingoutD.givingout第二十五页，本课件共有60页lWhenIfirstbecameareporterIknewamanwhogaveupaverywellpaidrespectablejobattheDailyTelegraphtogoandeditasmallweeklynewspaper.AtthetimeIwasastonishedbywhatappearedtometobehiscompletelyabnormal(反常的反常的)mentalst
23、ate.HowcouldanyoneturnhisbackonFleetStreetincentralLondonforasmalllocalarea?lTheunderlinedphrase“turnhisbackon”mostprobablymean_.A.leaveforB.returntoC.giveupD.relyon第二十六页，本课件共有60页(2009年全国卷年全国卷I)Ifyourchildisunwillingtodiscusssomething,dontinsisthetellyouwhatsonhismind.Themoreyouinsist,themorelikelyt
24、hathellclamup.69.Whatdoesthephrase“clamup”inParagraph2probablymean?A.becomeexcitedB.showrespectC.refusetotalkD.seekhelp第二十七页，本课件共有60页lAsawoman,Ifeelunsafehere.IspendabombontaxisbecauseIwillnottakepublictransportafter10p.m.Iusedtouseit,butnowImafraid.(04广东卷广东卷)l58.Theunderlinedpart“it”refersto_.A.ata
25、xiB.themoneyC.abomb D.publictransportthis,that,it,them,onethis,that,it,them,one等代词指代内容一般是等代词指代内容一般是在此词的前面在此词的前面,理解上下文特别是上句的意识和理解上下文特别是上句的意识和本句的意思是解题的关键本句的意思是解题的关键.第二十八页，本课件共有60页猜词技巧猜词技巧Tips for guessing the meaning of words1.利用定义或解释定义或解释2.利用普通常识和经验普通常识和经验3.利用同义同义/同位语同位语4.利用举例举例 5.利用比较或对比比较或对比6.利用构词法
26、（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等）构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等）7.利用同义词或反义词同义词或反义词8.利用原因与结果关系猜词原因与结果关系猜词9.利用上下文的语境上下文的语境第二十九页，本课件共有60页More practice.Finish Exx.1 to 10,then discuss the answers with your group.第三十页，本课件共有60页1.A good teacher works in quite a different way.His audience take an active part in his play:they ask and answer
27、 questions,they obey orders,and if they dont understand something,they say so.The word“audience”in the paragraph means _.A.students B.people who watch a play C.people who act on the stage D.people who listen to something常识常识 teacher-students第三十一页，本课件共有60页 2.When some kind of pain killer(止痛药）止痛药）was
28、brought out recently,researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective（无效的）（无效的）.The underlined part“the colours turned the customers off”means that the colours_A.Attracted the customers stronglyB.Had weak effects on the customersC.Tr
29、icked the customers into shoppingD.Caused the customers to lose interest D因果关系因果关系because第三十二页，本课件共有60页 3.Collins decided that she must go,although the hazards of the trip were many,for example,the unbearable heat,the possibility of getting lost,the presence of wild animals and poisonous snakes.“haz
30、ard”means _A.pleasure,B.problem,C.danger,D.attractionC举例举例for example第三十三页，本课件共有60页 4.In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players,they strongly blame competition.Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their p
31、arents or societyThe underlined phrase“the most vocal”means_A.Those who try their best to winB.Those who value competition most highlyC.Those who are against competition most stronglyD.Those who rely on others most for successC上下文语境context or related information第三十四页，本课件共有60页 5.Withoutexaminations,e
32、mployerswilllookforemployeesfromthehighlyrespectedschoolsandfromfamiliesknowntothemaformoffavoritismwillreplaceequality.Theword“favoritismisusedtodescribethephenomenonthat_.A.brightchildrenalsoneedcertificatestogetsatisfyingjobsB.childrenfromwell-respectedschoolstendtohavegoodjobsC.poorchildrenwithc
33、ertificatesarefavoredinjobmarketsD.childrenattendingordinaryschoolsachievegreatsuccess破折号（定义或同位语）破折号（定义或同位语）第三十五页，本课件共有60页6.Grown-ups also have a sense of object permanence.That is to say,if we put a box in a room and lock the door,the box will still be there when we come back.“Object permanence”mea
34、ns that when out of sight,an object _A.Still exists B.keeps its shapeC.Still stays solid D.is beyond reachA1.定义definitionthat is to say 也就是说2.构词法permanentpermanence第三十六页，本课件共有60页7.Achildsbirthdaypartydoesnthavetobeahassle;instead,itcanbeabasketoffun,accordingtoBethAnaclerio,anEvastonmotheroftwo,ages
35、4and18months.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordhassle“probablymean?A.apartydesignedbyspecialistsB.aplanrequiringcarefulthoughtC.asituationcausingdifficultyortroubleD.ademandmadebyguests 比较比较comparison(instead相反相反,反而反而)第三十七页，本课件共有60页8.William Shakespeare said.“The web of our life is of a mingled yarn（纱线），good
36、 and ill together.”The underlined word“mingled”most probably means .Asimple Bmixed Csad DhappyBdefinition or explanation 定义或解释猜测词义定义或解释猜测词义第三十八页，本课件共有60页9.Thehouselookedquitenormaloutside,butinsideitwasveryexoticwithfascinatingobjectsondisplay.Ashebeganputtingthemintohisbag,agodcameintotheroom.Itsto
37、ppedwhenitsawBuster,thenwaggeditstailmadlyandwentovertohim,lickinghisoutstretchedhand.“Goodboy,”Busterwhispered.“Whatagreatguarddogyouare-tryingtolickmetodeath.”Whichofthedefinitionsisclosestinmeaningtotheword“exotic”?AMessyanduntidy.B.Richandexpensive.C.ComfortableandcalmingD.Unusualandforeign.对比对比
38、contrast normalbut-unusual第三十九页，本课件共有60页 10.Lionsareopportunists.Theyprefertoeatwithouthavingtodotoomuchwork.Whenrestingintheshade,theyarealsowatchingtheskytoseewhatisflyingby,andevenintheheatofthedaytheywillsuddenlystartupandrunamileacrosstheplainstofindoutwhatisgoingon.Ifanotheranimalhasmadeakill,
39、theywilldriveitoffandtakethekillforthemselves.Bydescribinglionsas“opportunists”,theauthormeanstosaythatlions_.A.arecruelanimalsB.arecleveranimalsC.Liketotakeadvantageof（利用）（利用）otheranimalsD.Liketotakeeverychancetoeat构词法及下文解释构词法及下文解释opportunity-ist第四十页，本课件共有60页Practice in the passage第四十一页，本课件共有60页11.
40、Hehadbeengettingbetterbutduringthenighthisconditiondeteriorated.Get worse12.The animal with the longevity is the giant land tortoise which can live several hundreds years.长寿长寿13.Theyarevertebrates,thatis,animalshavebackbones.文中“vertebrates”的意思是_脊椎动物脊椎动物第四十二页，本课件共有60页14.Shedidnothearwhatyousaidbecaus
41、eshewascompletelyengrossedinherreading.concentrate/focus her attention on15.But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long time.Then there is a dry period，or drought.A long period of shortage of rainfall第四十三页，本课件共有60页16.Doyouhaveanystrongopiniononco-educationalorsingle-sexschools?co（共同的）（共同的）-education
42、-al 男女同校教育的男女同校教育的 17.Thosenewcomerswerenotusedtothelifeinthesuburbswhichwassodifferentfromthatinsidethecity.country第四十四页，本课件共有60页Ex2:“The Dave you saw on TV was the real Dave,”says friend Pat Williams,“He wasnt a great actor or a great speaker.He was just Joe Everybody.”74.“He was just Joe Everybod
43、y.”(in the last paragraph)means _.A.Dave was famous B.Dave was ordinary C.Dave was showy D.Dave was shy 第四十五页，本课件共有60页Ex3:Andifyouvegatheredyourfriendsaroundyoutorebuildahappyfamilyatmosphere(气氛气氛),youmayfearthatsayingnowillbringbackthekindofconflictyougrewupwith-ordestroytheniceatmosphereyounowenjo
44、yTheunderlinedwordconflictmeans_.A.dependentlifeB.fiercefightC.badmannersD.painfulfeeling第四十六页，本课件共有60页Ex.4:Provideincentive.Tellyourchildrentheimportanceofsaving.“Foreverydollarheorsheagreestosaveandinvestratherthanspend,youagreetoaddanotherdollartothepot,”saysCathyPareto,expertinmoneyplanning.Theu
45、nderlinedword“incentive”inthisparagraphmeans_.AHonorB.praiseC.excitementD.encouragement第四十七页，本课件共有60页 Here is The Pines,whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou,wild boar,and reindeer with surprising sauces.（2004年福建卷）According to the passage,The Pines is a.Aplace
46、 in which you can see many mobile homesBmountain where you can get a good view of the valleyCtown which happens to be near the Banff National ParkDrestaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food 第四十八页，本课件共有60页 Ex.5:Those new comers were not used to the life in the suburbs which was so di
47、fferent from that inside the city.A.town B.capital C.country D.housethecity第四十九页，本课件共有60页1.Doyouhaveanystrongopiniononco-educationalorsingle-sexschools?2.Marry Cassatt gave up her social position and all thought of a husband and a family,which in those times was unthinkable for a young lady.3.Finall
48、y,renewable energy sources are used even though they are often expensive to develop.co-education-al 男女同校教育的男女同校教育的 un-think-able 不可思议的不可思议的re-new-able 可更新的可更新的,可再生的可再生的practice第五十页，本课件共有60页Practice1.Mark Twain was not the authors real name;it was a pseudonym.2.But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，
49、long time.Then there is a dry period，or drought.a pen name.A long period of shortage of rainfall第五十一页，本课件共有60页The house stood at the end of a quiet neat street.The little dwelling,however,looked neglected and cheerless.第五十二页，本课件共有60页l(2009年福建卷年福建卷)Forananswer,IcheckedwithTimFlannery,authorofThe Weat
50、her Makers:How Man Is Changing the Climate and What It Means for Life on Earth.Inhisbook,hehadchallengedreaderstomakedeepcutsinpersonalemissionstokeeptheworldfromreachingextremelyimportanttippingpoints,suchasthemelting（融化）（融化）oftheicesheetsinGreenlandorWestAntarctica.“Tostaybelowthatpoint,weneedtore