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1、高考英语阅读解题高考英语阅读解题方法指导方法指导一、一、猜词技巧猜词技巧演示课件设问特点：设问特点：1、从原文中找、从原文中找单词，短语或句子单词，短语或句子设问。设问。2、所问词或句与该词该句、所问词或句与该词该句常见意思不同常见意思不同，无，无法望文生义法望文生义,只有在具体的只有在具体的上下文上下文中才可判断中才可判断准确。准确。3、所考单词有的是、所考单词有的是生词生词，有的是，有的是旧词新意旧词新意。4、正确选项的特征是放在原文不仅单句合理，、正确选项的特征是放在原文不仅单句合理，全文也合理。全文也合理。5、错误选项或是、错误选项或是字面意思字面意思，或是，或是故意胡说故意胡说。演示
2、课件1.对考纲外生词的猜测对考纲外生词的猜测The underlined word cultivated(paragraph 1)The underlined word cultivated(paragraph 1)roughly means _.roughly means _.2.对考纲内熟词新义的猜测对考纲内熟词新义的猜测The underlined word“hit”(paragraph 1)roughly The underlined word“hit”(paragraph 1)roughly meansmeans4.对句义的猜测对句义的猜测When I got back out in
3、to the street,the world seemed When I got back out into the street,the world seemed brand-new to me.He was something brand-new to me.He was something out of an ancient out of an ancient legendlegend3.对代词的猜测对代词的猜测 The underlined part“it”(in Para.4)refers to_.The underlined part“it”(in Para.4)refers t
4、o_.演示课件词义理解题常见的题型有词义理解题常见的题型有:1.Theword“”refersto/probablymeans/couldbestbereplacedby_.2.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“”standsfor?3.Theunderlinedsentence“”means_.演示课件Howdoyoudealwiththeunfamiliarwordsorphraseswhilereading?Ignore them and continue readingLook them up in the dictionaryGuess the meaning
5、演示课件1.He would _ the gold from his grandma.2.Unlike his brother,Hobart is quite _.Howtoguessthemissingwords?Harvey is a thief:he would _ the gold from his grandma and not feel guilty.stealUnlike his brother,who is truly a handsome person,Hobart is quite _.ordinary-lookingplain/homely演示课件Skills for g
6、uessing unknown words:1.The lion has its “territory”,which is an area that an animal,usually the male,claims（声称）as its own.“territory”means _ an area(that-own)动物地盘动物地盘2.He is a resolute man.Once he makes up his mind to do something,he wont give it up halfway.The underlined word means_.A.strong B.det
7、ermined C.kind D.clever定语从句或其后的句子其实是一种定义或解释定语从句或其后的句子其实是一种定义或解释演示课件技巧归纳技巧归纳1:Use _利用利用_definition or explanation 定义或解释猜测词义定义或解释猜测词义mean,refer to,be called,be known as,can be defined as,in other words,that is,that is to say,namely，be called，be identified as，to put it differently 括号括号,引号引号,破折号，破折号，定语从
8、句定语从句.etc.演示课件Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots(嫩芽）嫩芽）,or young leaves of trees.The word“pruning”means_A.Regular cutting of the plantsB.Frequent wateringC.Regular use of chemicalsD.Growing the plants high in the mountain技巧归纳技巧归纳 2：Using_ 根据根据_common sense or expe
9、rience普通常识和经验普通常识和经验演示课件技巧归纳3:利用_ from_2.The period of adolescence,the period between childhood and adulthood,may be long or short.A少儿期少儿期B幼儿期幼儿期C青春期青春期D成人成人期同义同义/同位语同位语similarity/appositive1.In fact,only about 80 ocelots,an endangered wild cat,exist in the U.S.today “ocelot”means _an endangered wil
10、d cat 演示课件ThelargestplayerShanghaiBashiTourismCarCenteroffersawidevarietyofchoices,suchasdeluxesedans,minivans,stationwagons,coaches.Santanasedansarethebigfavoriteofthetourists.Theunderlinedwordsusedinthetextreferto_.A.carsinthemakingB.carrentalfirmsC.carsforrentD.carmakers技巧归纳技巧归纳4:利用利用_举例举例 from e
11、xamplesSignal words：for example，for instance，such as，like，as，etc.演示课件技巧归纳技巧归纳5：利用利用_From_1.The snow was falling.Big flakes drifted(飘）飘）with the wind like feathers.2.Unlike her gregarious sister,Jane is a shy person who does not like to go to parties or make new friends.雪花，雪片雪花，雪片爱交际的爱交际的比较或对比比较或对比 c
12、omparison or contrastSignal words:as,like,the same as，unlike,but，however,on the contrary,while,insteadect.演示课件技巧归纳技巧归纳6:利用利用_From_(1)Overworkmaycausediseases.over（过分的、过量的）（过分的、过量的）workoverwork“工工作过度作过度”。(2)Therewasadissatisfiedlookinthemanagerseyes.dis“不不”+satisfied“满意的满意的=dissatisfied“不满不满意的意的”。构词法
13、（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等）构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等）Word formation演示课件合成合成Compounding 转化转化Conversion派生派生Derivation构词法构词法Wordformationprefixsuffix演示课件 表否定 un-,non-,in-,dis-表相反表相反 un-,de-,dis-,counter-错误失当错误失当 mis-,mal-,pseudo-表向背表向背 pro-,anti-表程度表程度 arch-,super-,ultra-,over-,under-,mini-,semi-,表时间表时间 pre,fore-,post-表方位表方
14、位 sub-,inter-,trans-prefixdecontrol transplant counterattack解除控制 移植 反击 演示课件suffix-able （能（能的）的）-less （无，不）（无，不）-wards （向）向）-ship （身份；资格；权力；性（身份；资格；权力；性质）质）-some （易于易于的）的）-hood （状态；性质；时期）（状态；性质；时期）-ish （如（如的；有点儿的；有点儿的）的）-proof (防防的；不能穿透的）的；不能穿透的）-scape （景）（景）-most (最最的）的）waterproof streetscape innerm
15、ost speechless演示课件lHeissaidtobe“undersizedwith“shortlegsanda“roundstomach”.（08广东卷）广东卷）lTalesofthesupernaturalarecommoninallpartsofBritain.（08广东卷）广东卷）lTheycaughttheemotionallandscapefromheartbreaktojoy,butsharetheundeniablelongingforrecoveryandhope.(2010深一模深一模)派生派生Derivation小尺寸的;较矮小的;超自然的风景不可否认的演示课件l
16、Hewassomethingoutofanancientlegend,hisverystrange,dustyfelthat,hisfunnyaccentfromwho-knows-where（06广东卷）广东卷）合成合成Compounding 谁都不知是什么地方演示课件lGreatculturalchangesledtomoreopencommunicationandamoredemocraticprocessthatencourageseveryonetohaveasay.（08广东卷）广东卷）lSherestedherselfagainstapostclosetothetracks（09
17、广东卷）广东卷）转化转化Conversionv.v.n.n.发言，发表意见发言，发表意见n.n.v.v.倚靠倚靠演示课件1.Isheintelligentorstupid?2.MostwomeninGhana-theeducatedandilliterate,theurbanandrural,theyoungandold-worktoearnanincomeinadditiontomaintainingtheirrolesashousewivesandmothers.Theirreputationforeconomicindependence,self-reliance,andhardwork
18、iswellknownandwelldeserved.Theunderlinedword“illiterate”inthepassagemeans_.A.RepeatedB.reiterated.CuneducatedD.sickclever技巧归纳技巧归纳7:利用利用_ From_同义词或反义词的关系猜词。同义词或反义词的关系猜词。Synonym or Antonym.演示课件1.Ifeelthatsinceyouaremysuperior（上司）（上司）,itwouldbepresumptuousofmetotellyouwhattodo.”Theword“presumptuous”isc
19、losestinmeaningto“”.AfullofrespectBrudeandtooconfidentClackinginexperienceDtooshyandquietB技巧归纳技巧归纳8：利用利用_From _原因与结果关系猜词原因与结果关系猜词fromCauseandResultSignal words:because,so,so thathence,thereforeAs a result,assince,for,thus演示课件 The official asked the man what his occupation was.The man told him that h
20、e worked as an engineer.A.work B.study C.name D.interest技巧归纳技巧归纳9:Use_ 利用利用_workedasanengineer.context or related information上下文的语境上下文的语境演示课件利用上下文利用上下文熟词新义熟词新义生活常识生活常识找信息词找信息词指代关系指代关系演示课件1.Whenmenandwomenlivedbyhunting50,000yearsago,howcouldtheyevenbegintopicturemodernlife?2.Themayormadeanaddresstot
21、hecitizensatthemeetingyesterday.imaginespeech演示课件l（福建卷）福建卷）RainforestsliketheAmazonareimportantformoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtoslowglobalwarming.CurrentlythetreesintheAmazontakeinaround500milliontonsofCO2eachyear,equaltothetotalamountofCO2givingoffintheUKeachyear.l64.Thephrase“moppingup”
22、intheparagraphmeans_.A.cleaningupB.takinginC.wipingoutD.givingout演示课件lWhenIfirstbecameareporterIknewamanwhogaveupaverywellpaidrespectablejobattheDailyTelegraphtogoandeditasmallweeklynewspaper.AtthetimeIwasastonishedbywhatappearedtometobehiscompletelyabnormal(反常的反常的)mentalstate.Howcouldanyoneturnhisb
23、ackonFleetStreetincentralLondonforasmalllocalarea?lTheunderlinedphrase“turnhisbackon”mostprobablymean_.A.leaveforB.returntoC.giveupD.relyon演示课件(全国卷全国卷I)Ifyourchildisunwillingtodiscusssomething,dontinsisthetellyouwhatsonhismind.Themoreyouinsist,themorelikelythathellclamup.69.Whatdoesthephrase“clamup”
24、inParagraph2probablymean?A.becomeexcitedB.showrespectC.refusetotalkD.seekhelp演示课件lAsawoman,Ifeelunsafehere.IspendabombontaxisbecauseIwillnottakepublictransportafter10p.m.Iusedtouseit,butnowImafraid.(14广东卷广东卷)l58.Theunderlinedpart“it”refersto_.A.ataxiB.themoneyC.abomb D.publictransportthis,that,it,th
25、em,onethis,that,it,them,one等代词指代内容一般等代词指代内容一般是在此词的前面是在此词的前面,理解上下文特别是上句的意理解上下文特别是上句的意识和本句的意思是解题的关键识和本句的意思是解题的关键.演示课件猜词技巧猜词技巧Tips for guessing the meaning of words1.利用定义或解释定义或解释2.利用普通常识和经验普通常识和经验3.利用同义同义/同位语同位语4.利用举例举例 5.利用比较或对比比较或对比6.利用构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等）构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等）7.利用同义词或反义词同义词或反义词8.利用原因与结果关系猜词
26、原因与结果关系猜词9.利用上下文的语境上下文的语境演示课件1.A good teacher works in quite a different way.His audience take an active part in his play:they ask and answer questions,they obey orders,and if they dont understand something,they say so.The word“audience”in the paragraph means _.A.students B.people who watch a play C
27、.people who act on the stage D.people who listen to something常识常识 teacher-students演示课件 2.When some kind of pain killer(止痛药）止痛药）was brought out recently,researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective（无效的）（无效的）.The underlined part“th
28、e colours turned the customers off”means that the colours_A.Attracted the customers stronglyB.Had weak effects on the customersC.Tricked the customers into shoppingCaused the customers to lose interest D因果关系因果关系because演示课件 3.Collins decided that she must go,although the hazards of the trip were many
29、,for example,the unbearable heat,the possibility of getting lost,the presence of wild animals and poisonous snakes.“hazard”means _A.pleasure,B.problem,C.danger,D.attractionC举例举例for example演示课件 4.In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players,they strongly bla
30、me competition.Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or societyThe underlined phrase“the most vocal”means_A.Those who try their best to winB.Those who value competition most highlyC.Those who are against competition most stronglyD.Those
31、who rely on others most for successC上下文语境context or related information演示课件 5.Without examinations,employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from families known to thema form of favoritism will replace equality.The word“favoritism is used to describe the phenomenon that
32、 _.A.bright children also need certificates to get satisfying jobs B.children from well-respected schools tend to have good jobs C.poor children with certificates are favored in job markets D.children attending ordinary schools achieve great success 破折号（定义或同位语）破折号（定义或同位语）演示课件6.Grown-ups also have a
33、sense of object permanence.That is to say,if we put a box in a room and lock the door,the box will still be there when we come back.“Object permanence”means that when out of sight,an object _A.Still exists B.keeps its shapeC.Still stays solid D.is beyond reachA1.定义definitionthat is to say 也就是说2.构词法p
34、ermanentpermanence演示课件7.Achildsbirthdaypartydoesnthavetobeahassle;instead,itcanbeabasketoffun,accordingtoBethAnaclerio,anEvastonmotheroftwo,ages4and18months.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordhassle“probablymean?A.apartydesignedbyspecialistsB.aplanrequiringcarefulthoughtC.asituationcausingdifficultyortroubleD
35、.ademandmadebyguests 比较比较comparison(instead相反相反,反而反而)演示课件8.William Shakespeare said.“The web of our life is of a mingled yarn（纱线），good and ill together.”The underlined word“mingled”most probably means .Asimple Bmixed Csad DhappyBdefinition or explanation 定义或解释猜测词义定义或解释猜测词义演示课件9.Thehouselookedquiteno
36、rmaloutside,butinsideitwasveryexoticwithfascinatingobjectsondisplay.Ashebeganputtingthemintohisbag,agodcameintotheroom.ItstoppedwhenitsawBuster,thenwaggeditstailmadlyandwentovertohim,lickinghisoutstretchedhand.“Goodboy,”Busterwhispered.“Whatagreatguarddogyouare-tryingtolickmetodeath.”Whichofthedefin
37、itionsisclosestinmeaningtotheword“exotic”?AMessyanduntidy.B.Richandexpensive.C.ComfortableandcalmingD.Unusualandforeign.对比对比contrast normalbut-unusual演示课件 10.Lionsareopportunists.Theyprefertoeatwithouthavingtodotoomuchwork.Whenrestingintheshade,theyarealsowatchingtheskytoseewhatisflyingby,andevenint
38、heheatofthedaytheywillsuddenlystartupandrunamileacrosstheplainstofindoutwhatisgoingon.Ifanotheranimalhasmadeakill,theywilldriveitoffandtakethekillforthemselves.Bydescribinglionsas“opportunists”,theauthormeanstosaythatlions_.A.arecruelanimalsB.arecleveranimalsC.Liketotakeadvantageof（利用）（利用）otheranima
39、lsD.Liketotakeeverychancetoeat构词法及下文解释构词法及下文解释opportunity-ist演示课件Practice in the passage演示课件11.He had been getting better but during the night his condition deteriorated.Get worse12.The animal with the longevity is the giant land tortoise which can live several hundreds years.长寿长寿13.They are vertebr
40、ates,that is,animals have backbones.文中“vertebrates”的意思是_脊椎动物脊椎动物演示课件14.Shedidnothearwhatyousaidbecauseshewascompletelyengrossedinherreading.concentrate/focus her attention on15.But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long time.Then there is a dry period，or drought.A long period of shortage of rainfal
41、l演示课件16.Doyouhaveanystrongopiniononco-educationalorsingle-sexschools?co（共同的）（共同的）-education-al 男女同校教育的男女同校教育的 17.Thosenewcomerswerenotusedtothelifeinthesuburbswhichwassodifferentfromthatinsidethecity.country演示课件Ex2:“The Dave you saw on TV was the real Dave,”says friend Pat Williams,“He wasnt a great
42、 actor or a great speaker.He was just Joe Everybody.”74.“He was just Joe Everybody.”(in the last paragraph)means _.A.Dave was famous B.Dave was ordinary C.Dave was showy D.Dave was shy 演示课件Ex3:Andifyouvegatheredyourfriendsaroundyoutorebuildahappyfamilyatmosphere(气氛气氛),youmayfearthatsayingnowillbring
43、backthekindofconflictyougrewupwith-ordestroytheniceatmosphereyounowenjoyTheunderlinedwordconflictmeans_.A.dependentlifeB.fiercefightC.badmannersD.painfulfeeling演示课件Ex.4:Provideincentive.Tellyourchildrentheimportanceofsaving.“Foreverydollarheorsheagreestosaveandinvestratherthanspend,youagreetoaddanot
44、herdollartothepot,”saysCathyPareto,expertinmoneyplanning.Theunderlinedword“incentive”inthisparagraphmeans_.AHonorB.praiseC.excitementD.encouragement演示课件Practice1.Mark Twain was not the authors real name;it was a pseudonym.2.But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long time.Then there is a dry period，
45、or drought.a pen name.A long period of shortage of rainfall演示课件The house stood at the end of a quiet neat street.The little dwelling,however,looked neglected and cheerless.演示课件l福建卷福建卷)Forananswer,IcheckedwithTimFlannery,authorofThe Weather Makers:How Man Is Changing the Climate and What It Means for
46、 Life on Earth.Inhisbook,hehadchallengedreaderstomakedeepcutsinpersonalemissionstokeeptheworldfromreachingextremelyimportanttippingpoints,suchasthemelting（融（融化）化）oftheicesheetsinGreenlandorWestAntarctica.“Tostaybelowthatpoint,weneedtoreduceCO2emissionsby80percent,”hesaid.l73.Theunderlinedwords“tippi
47、ngpoints”mostprobablyrefertoA.freezingpointsB.burningpointsC.meltingpointsD.boilingpointssuchas演示课件l l(广东卷广东卷)“UnlikevitaminC,leadershipskillscantbeeasilyswalloweddown.Theymustbecarefullycultivated.”Differentfrompopularbelief,mostgoodleadersaremade,notborn.Theylearntheirskillsintheireverydaylives.Bu
48、twhichdotheydevelop?Howdothey(andhowcanyou)getotherstofollow?l lTheunderlinedwordroughlymeans_.A.encouragedB.comparedC.examinedD.developed演示课件l (广东卷）广东卷）EachoftheguestsmadeaparticularfussoverKelly,theyoungestone,admiringherdress,herhairandhersmile.Theysaidshewasaremarkablegirltobecarryingcoatsupstai
49、rsatherage.Ithoughttomyselfthatweadultsusuallymakeabig“todo”overtheyoungeronebecauseshestheonewhoseemsmoreeasilyhurt.lTheunderlinedexpression“makeabig“todo”overmeans_.A.showmuchconcernaboutB.haveaspecialeffectonC.listjobstobedoneforD.dogoodthingsforbecause演示课件l(年四川卷）年四川卷）Pleasestayonpermittedpaths.O
50、therwiseyoumaydestroydesertplants.Packoutwhatyoupackin,soyouleavenosignsofyourvisit.Itisimportanttokeepinmindthatyouareinanationalparkwherewildlifeexists.lWhatdoestheunderlinedwords“packoutwhatyoupackin”probablymean?_A.keepeverythingoutofcampgroundsB.takeawayeverythingyoubringinC.carryallthenecessar