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1、高三英语阅读理解猜词技巧课件第1页，本讲稿共56页设问设问特点：特点：1、从原文中找、从原文中找单词单词，短，短语语或句子或句子设问设问。2、所、所问词问词或句与或句与该词该该词该句句常常见见意思不同意思不同，无法，无法望文生望文生义义,只有在具体的只有在具体的上下文上下文中才可判断准确。中才可判断准确。3、所考、所考单词单词有的是有的是生生词词，有的是，有的是旧旧词词新意新意。4、正确、正确选项选项的特征是放在原文不的特征是放在原文不仅单仅单句合理，句合理，全文也合理。全文也合理。5、错误选项错误选项或是或是字面意思字面意思，或是，或是故意胡故意胡说说。第2页，本讲稿共56页1.1.对考纲外
2、生词的猜测对考纲外生词的猜测对考纲外生词的猜测对考纲外生词的猜测The underlined word cultivated(paragraph 1)roughly The underlined word cultivated(paragraph 1)roughly means _.means _.2.对考纲内熟词新义的猜测对考纲内熟词新义的猜测The underlined word“hit”(paragraph 1)roughly meansThe underlined word“hit”(paragraph 1)roughly means4.4.对句义的猜测对句义的猜测对句义的猜测对句义的
3、猜测When I got back out into the street,the world seemed When I got back out into the street,the world seemed brand-new to me.He was something brand-new to me.He was something out of an ancient out of an ancient legendlegend3.对代词的猜测对代词的猜测 The underlined part“it”(in Para.4)refers to_.The underlined par
4、t“it”(in Para.4)refers to_.第3页，本讲稿共56页词义理解题常见的题型有词义理解题常见的题型有:1.Theword“”refersto/probablymeans/couldbestbereplacedby_.2.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“”standsfor?3.Theunderlinedsentence“”means_.第4页，本讲稿共56页Howdoyoudealwiththeunfamiliarwordsorphraseswhilereading?Ignore them and continue readingLook them
5、up in the dictionaryGuess the meaning 第5页，本讲稿共56页1.He would _ the gold from his grandma.2.Unlike his brother,Hobart is quite _.Howtoguessthemissingwords?Harvey is a thief:he would _ the gold from his grandma and not feel guilty.stealUnlike his brother,who is truly a handsome person,Hobart is quite _
6、.ordinary-lookingplain/homely第6页，本讲稿共56页Skills for guessing unknown words:1.The lion has its “territory”,which is an area that an animal,usually the male,claims（声称）as its own.“territory”means _ an area(that-own)动物地盘动物地盘2.He is a resolute man.Once he makes up his mind to do something,he wont give it
7、up halfway.The underlined word means_.A.strong B.determined C.kind D.clever定语从句或其后的句子其实是一种定义或解释定语从句或其后的句子其实是一种定义或解释第7页，本讲稿共56页技巧归纳技巧归纳1:Use _利用利用_definition or explanation 定义或解释猜测词义定义或解释猜测词义mean,refer to,be called,be known as,can be defined as,in other words,that is,that is to say,namely，be called，b
8、e identified as，to put it differently 括号括号,引号引号,破折号，破折号，定语从句定语从句.etc.第8页，本讲稿共56页Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots(嫩芽）嫩芽）,or young leaves of trees.The word“pruning”means_A.Regular cutting of the plantsB.Frequent wateringC.Regular use of chemicalsD.Growing the plan
9、ts high in the mountain技巧归纳技巧归纳 2：Using_ 根据根据_common sense or experience普通常识和经验普通常识和经验第9页，本讲稿共56页技巧归纳3:利用_ from_2.The period of adolescence,the period between childhood and adulthood,may be long or short.A少儿期少儿期B幼儿期幼儿期C青春期青春期D成人成人期同义同义/同位语同位语similarity/appositive1.In fact,only about 80 ocelots,an en
10、dangered wild cat,exist in the U.S.today “ocelot”means _an endangered wild cat 第10页，本讲稿共56页ThelargestplayerShanghaiBashiTourismCarCenteroffersawidevarietyofchoices,suchasdeluxesedans,minivans,stationwagons,coaches.Santanasedansarethebigfavoriteofthetourists.Theunderlinedwordsusedinthetextreferto_.A.
11、carsinthemakingB.carrentalfirmsC.carsforrentD.carmakers技巧归纳技巧归纳4:利用利用_举例举例 from examplesSignal words：for example，for instance，such as，like，as，etc.第11页，本讲稿共56页技巧归纳技巧归纳5：利用利用_From_1.The snow was falling.Big flakes drifted(飘）飘）with the wind like feathers.2.Unlike her gregarious sister,Jane is a shy per
12、son who does not like to go to parties or make new friends.雪花，雪片雪花，雪片爱交际的爱交际的比较或对比比较或对比 comparison or contrastSignal words:as,like,the same as，unlike,but，however,on the contrary,while,insteadect.第12页，本讲稿共56页技巧归纳技巧归纳6:利用利用_From_(1)Overworkmaycausediseases.over（过分的、过量的）（过分的、过量的）workoverwork“工作工作过度过度”。
13、(2)Therewasadissatisfiedlookinthemanagerseyes.dis“不不”+satisfied“满意的满意的=dissatisfied“不满意的不满意的”。构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等）构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等）Word formation第13页，本讲稿共56页合成合成合成合成 Compounding 转化转化Conversion派生派生派生派生 Derivation构词法构词法Wordformationprefixsuffix第14页，本讲稿共56页 表否定 un-,non-,in-,dis-表相反表相反 un-,de-,dis-,counter
14、-错误失当错误失当 mis-,mal-,pseudo-表向背表向背 pro-,anti-表程度表程度 arch-,super-,ultra-,over-,under-,mini-,semi-,表时间表时间 pre,fore-,post-表方位表方位 sub-,inter-,trans-prefixdecontrol transplant counterattack解除控制 移植 反击 第15页，本讲稿共56页suffix-able （能（能的）的）-less （无，不）（无，不）-wards （向）向）-ship （身份；资格；权力；性质）（身份；资格；权力；性质）-some （易于易于的）的
15、）-hood （状态；性质；时期）（状态；性质；时期）-ish （如（如的；有点儿的；有点儿的）的）-proof (防防的；不能穿透的）的；不能穿透的）-scape （景）（景）-most (最最的）的）waterproof streetscape innermost speechless第16页，本讲稿共56页lHeissaidtobe“undersizedwith“shortlegsanda“roundstomach”.（08广东卷）广东卷）lTalesofthesupernaturalarecommoninallpartsofBritain.（08广东卷）广东卷）lTheycaughtt
16、heemotionallandscapefromheartbreaktojoy,butsharetheundeniablelongingforrecoveryandhope.(2010深一模深一模)派生派生派生派生 Derivation小尺寸的;较矮小的;超自然的风景不可否认的第17页，本讲稿共56页lHewassomethingoutofanancientlegend,hisverystrange,dustyfelthat,hisfunnyaccentfromwho-knows-where（06广东卷）广东卷）合成合成合成合成 Compounding 谁都不知是什么地方第18页，本讲稿共56
17、页l lGreatculturalchangesledtomoreopencommunicationandamoredemocraticprocessthatencourageseveryonetohaveasay.（08广东卷）广东卷）lSherestedherselfagainstapostclosetothetracks（09广东卷）广东卷）转化转化Conversionv.v.n.n.发言，发表意见发言，发表意见n.n.v.v.倚靠倚靠第19页，本讲稿共56页1.Isheintelligentorstupid?2.MostwomeninGhana-theeducatedandillite
18、rate,theurbanandrural,theyoungandold-worktoearnanincomeinadditiontomaintainingtheirrolesashousewivesandmothers.Theirreputationforeconomicindependence,self-reliance,andhardworkiswellknownandwelldeserved.Theunderlinedword“illiterate”inthepassagemeans_.A.RepeatedB.reiterated.CuneducatedD.sickclever技巧归纳
19、技巧归纳7:利用利用_ From_同义词或反义词的关系猜词。同义词或反义词的关系猜词。Synonym or Antonym.第20页，本讲稿共56页1.Ifeelthatsinceyouaremysuperior（上司）（上司）,itwouldbepresumptuousofmetotellyouwhattodo.”Theword“presumptuous”isclosestinmeaningto“”.AfullofrespectBrudeandtooconfidentClackinginexperienceDtooshyandquietB技巧归纳技巧归纳8：利用利用_From _原因与结果关
20、系猜词原因与结果关系猜词fromCauseandResultSignal words:because,so,so thathence,thereforeAs a result,assince,for,thus第21页，本讲稿共56页 The official asked the man what his occupation was.The man told him that he worked as an engineer.A.work B.study C.name D.interest技巧归纳技巧归纳9:Use_ 利用利用_workedasanengineer.context or rel
21、ated information上下文的语境上下文的语境第22页，本讲稿共56页利用上下文利用上下文熟词新义熟词新义生活常识生活常识找信息词找信息词指代关系指代关系第23页，本讲稿共56页1.Whenmenandwomenlivedbyhunting50,000yearsago,howcouldtheyevenbegintopicturemodernlife?2.Themayormadeanaddresstothecitizensatthemeetingyesterday.imaginespeech第24页，本讲稿共56页l（福建卷）福建卷）RainforestsliketheAmazonar
22、eimportantformoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtoslowglobalwarming.CurrentlythetreesintheAmazontakeinaround500milliontonsofCO2eachyear,equaltothetotalamountofCO2givingoffintheUKeachyear.l64.Thephrase“moppingup”intheparagraphmeans_.A.cleaningupB.takinginC.wipingoutD.givingout第25页，本讲稿共56页lWhenIfi
23、rstbecameareporterIknewamanwhogaveupaverywellpaidrespectablejobattheDailyTelegraphtogoandeditasmallweeklynewspaper.AtthetimeIwasastonishedbywhatappearedtometobehiscompletelyabnormal(反常的反常的)mentalstate.HowcouldanyoneturnhisbackonFleetStreetincentralLondonforasmalllocalarea?lTheunderlinedphrase“turnhi
24、sbackon”mostprobablymean_.A.leaveforB.returntoC.giveupD.relyon第26页，本讲稿共56页(全国卷全国卷I)Ifyourchildisunwillingtodiscusssomething,dontinsisthetellyouwhatsonhismind.Themoreyouinsist,themorelikelythathellclamup.69.Whatdoesthephrase“clamup”inParagraph2probablymean?A.becomeexcitedB.showrespectC.refusetotalkD.
25、seekhelp第27页，本讲稿共56页lAsawoman,Ifeelunsafehere.IspendabombontaxisbecauseIwillnottakepublictransportafter10p.m.Iusedtouseit,butnowImafraid.(14广东卷广东卷)l58.Theunderlinedpart“it”refersto_.A.ataxiB.themoneyC.abomb D.publictransportthis,that,it,them,onethis,that,it,them,one等代词指代内容一般是在此等代词指代内容一般是在此词的前面词的前面,理
26、解上下文特别是上句的意识和本句的意理解上下文特别是上句的意识和本句的意思是解题的关键思是解题的关键.第28页，本讲稿共56页猜词技巧猜词技巧Tips for guessing the meaning of words1.利用定义或解释定义或解释2.利用普通常识和经验普通常识和经验3.利用同义同义/同位语同位语4.利用举例举例 5.利用比较或对比比较或对比6.利用构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等）构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等）7.利用同义词或反义词同义词或反义词8.利用原因与结果关系猜词原因与结果关系猜词9.利用上下文的语境上下文的语境第29页，本讲稿共56页1.A good teacher
27、 works in quite a different way.His audience take an active part in his play:they ask and answer questions,they obey orders,and if they dont understand something,they say so.The word“audience”in the paragraph means _.A.students B.people who watch a play C.people who act on the stage D.people who lis
28、ten to something常识常识 teacher-students第30页，本讲稿共56页 2.When some kind of pain killer(止痛药）止痛药）was brought out recently,researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective（无效的）（无效的）.The underlined part“the colours turned the customers off”me
29、ans that the colours_A.Attracted the customers stronglyB.Had weak effects on the customersC.Tricked the customers into shoppingD.Caused the customers to lose interest D因果关系因果关系because第31页，本讲稿共56页 3.Collins decided that she must go,although the hazards of the trip were many,for example,the unbearable
30、 heat,the possibility of getting lost,the presence of wild animals and poisonous snakes.“hazard”means _A.pleasure,B.problem,C.danger,D.attractionC举例举例for example第32页，本讲稿共56页 4.In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players,they strongly blame competition.Amon
31、g the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or societyThe underlined phrase“the most vocal”means_A.Those who try their best to winB.Those who value competition most highlyC.Those who are against competition most stronglyD.Those who rely on others
32、most for successC上下文语境context or related information第33页，本讲稿共56页 5.Without examinations,employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from families known to thema form of favoritism will replace equality.The word“favoritism is used to describe the phenomenon that _.A.bright
33、 children also need certificates to get satisfying jobs B.children from well-respected schools tend to have good jobs C.poor children with certificates are favored in job markets D.children attending ordinary schools achieve great success 破折号（定义或同位语）破折号（定义或同位语）第34页，本讲稿共56页6.Grown-ups also have a sen
34、se of object permanence.That is to say,if we put a box in a room and lock the door,the box will still be there when we come back.“Object permanence”means that when out of sight,an object _A.Still exists B.keeps its shapeB.C.Still stays solid D.is beyond reachA1.定义definitionthat is to say 也就是说2.构词法pe
35、rmanentpermanence第35页，本讲稿共56页7.Achildsbirthdaypartydoesnthavetobeahassle;instead,itcanbeabasketoffun,accordingtoBethAnaclerio,anEvastonmotheroftwo,ages4and18months.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordhassle“probablymean?A.apartydesignedbyspecialistsB.aplanrequiringcarefulthoughtC.asituationcausingdifficultyort
36、roubleD.ademandmadebyguests 比较比较comparison(instead相反相反,反而反而)第36页，本讲稿共56页8.William Shakespeare said.“The web of our life is of a mingled yarn（纱线），good and ill together.”The underlined word“mingled”most probably means .Asimple Bmixed Csad DhappyBdefinition or explanation 定义或解释猜测词义定义或解释猜测词义第37页，本讲稿共56页
37、9.Thehouselookedquitenormaloutside,butinsideitwasveryexoticwithfascinatingobjectsondisplay.Ashebeganputtingthemintohisbag,agodcameintotheroom.ItstoppedwhenitsawBuster,thenwaggeditstailmadlyandwentovertohim,lickinghisoutstretchedhand.“Goodboy,”Busterwhispered.“Whatagreatguarddogyouare-tryingtolickmet
38、odeath.”Whichofthedefinitionsisclosestinmeaningtotheword“exotic”?AMessyanduntidy.B.Richandexpensive.C.ComfortableandcalmingD.Unusualandforeign.对比对比contrast normalbut-unusual第38页，本讲稿共56页 10.Lionsareopportunists.Theyprefertoeatwithouthavingtodotoomuchwork.Whenrestingintheshade,theyarealsowatchingthesk
39、ytoseewhatisflyingby,andevenintheheatofthedaytheywillsuddenlystartupandrunamileacrosstheplainstofindoutwhatisgoingon.Ifanotheranimalhasmadeakill,theywilldriveitoffandtakethekillforthemselves.Bydescribinglionsas“opportunists”,theauthormeanstosaythatlions_.A.arecruelanimalsB.arecleveranimalsC.Liketota
40、keadvantageof（利用）（利用）otheranimalsD.Liketotakeeverychancetoeat构词法及下文解释构词法及下文解释opportunity-ist第39页，本讲稿共56页Practice in the passage第40页，本讲稿共56页11.He had been getting better but during the night his condition deteriorated.Get worse12.The animal with the longevity is the giant land tortoise which can live
41、 several hundreds years.长寿长寿13.They are vertebrates,that is,animals have backbones.文中“vertebrates”的意思是_脊椎动物脊椎动物第41页，本讲稿共56页14.Shedidnothearwhatyousaidbecauseshewascompletelyengrossedinherreading.concentrate/focus her attention on15.But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long time.Then there is a dry
42、 period，or drought.A long period of shortage of rainfall第42页，本讲稿共56页16.Doyouhaveanystrongopiniononco-educationalorsingle-sexschools?co（共同的）（共同的）-education-al 男女同校教育的男女同校教育的 17.Thosenewcomerswerenotusedtothelifeinthesuburbswhichwassodifferentfromthatinsidethecity.country第43页，本讲稿共56页Ex2:“The Dave you
43、saw on TV was the real Dave,”says friend Pat Williams,“He wasnt a great actor or a great speaker.He was just Joe Everybody.”74.“He was just Joe Everybody.”(in the last paragraph)means _.A.Dave was famous B.Dave was ordinary C.Dave was showy D.Dave was shy 第44页，本讲稿共56页Ex3:Andifyouvegatheredyourfriend
44、saroundyoutorebuildahappyfamilyatmosphere(气氛气氛),youmayfearthatsayingnowillbringbackthekindofconflictyougrewupwith-ordestroytheniceatmosphereyounowenjoyTheunderlinedwordconflictmeans_.A.dependentlifeB.fiercefightC.badmannersD.painfulfeeling第45页，本讲稿共56页Ex.4:Provideincentive.Tellyourchildrentheimportan
45、ceofsaving.“Foreverydollarheorsheagreestosaveandinvestratherthanspend,youagreetoaddanotherdollartothepot,”saysCathyPareto,expertinmoneyplanning.Theunderlinedword“incentive”inthisparagraphmeans_.AHonorB.praiseC.excitementD.encouragement第46页，本讲稿共56页Practice1.Mark Twain was not the authors real name;it
46、 was a pseudonym.2.But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long time.Then there is a dry period，or drought.a pen name.A long period of shortage of rainfall第47页，本讲稿共56页The house stood at the end of a quiet neat street.The little dwelling,however,looked neglected and cheerless.第48页，本讲稿共56页l福建卷福建卷)Foran
47、answer,IcheckedwithTimFlannery,authorofThe Weather Makers:How Man Is Changing the Climate and What It Means for Life on Earth.Inhisbook,hehadchallengedreaderstomakedeepcutsinpersonalemissionstokeeptheworldfromreachingextremelyimportanttippingpoints,suchasthemelting（融化）（融化）oftheicesheetsinGreenlandor
48、WestAntarctica.“Tostaybelowthatpoint,weneedtoreduceCO2emissionsby80percent,”hesaid.l73.Theunderlinedwords“tippingpoints”mostprobablyrefertoA.freezingpoints B.burningpointsC.meltingpoints D.boilingpointssuchas第49页，本讲稿共56页l l(广东卷广东卷)“UnlikevitaminC,leadershipskillscantbeeasilyswalloweddown.Theymustbec
49、arefullycultivated.”Differentfrompopularbelief,mostgoodleadersaremade,notborn.Theylearntheirskillsintheireverydaylives.Butwhichdotheydevelop?Howdothey(andhowcanyou)getotherstofollow?l lTheunderlinedwordroughlymeans_.A.encouragedB.comparedC.examinedD.developed第50页，本讲稿共56页l (广东卷）广东卷）Eachoftheguestsmad
50、eaparticularfussoverKelly,theyoungestone,admiringherdress,herhairandhersmile.Theysaidshewasaremarkablegirltobecarryingcoatsupstairsatherage.Ithoughttomyselfthatweadultsusuallymakeabig“todo”overtheyoungeronebecauseshestheonewhoseemsmoreeasilyhurt.lTheunderlinedexpression“makeabig“todo”overmeans_.A.sh