《相约星期二》和《庄子》中的死亡与生存思想解读.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《相约星期二》和《庄子》中的死亡与生存思想解读.doc（19页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、相约星期二和庄子中的死亡与生存思想解读 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSI would like to express my sincere thanks to my supervisor Yuan Xuemei, for her valuable suggestions and spent so much time to adjust my thesis structure and points of view of my paper. And I thank for her reading and helping me to revise my paper. This paper woul
2、d not have come into being without her help.At the same time, I especially appreciate the authors works cited in the paper bibliography, from which I got useful information and materials, and also got a lot of inspiration. I also sincerely thank the students of Luoyang Normal University for their su
3、pport and encouragement over the past four years.Thank all the people who given me help and confidence, they are the strength in the process of completing my paper.中文摘要生存与死亡的哲学问题一直以来都广泛受到学者们的探讨，带给人们关于生与死的感悟和思考。庄子中的诸多内容呈现出庄子对待生命豁达、顺从、安乐的态度，对待死亡洒脱、追求精神自由的态度。自然演变下万事万物遵从道的演变，生与死亦是如此，督促人们追求主体价值、实现精神的绝对自由
4、。相约星期二中莫里在生命的最后阶段分享人生的智慧，对待生命保持敬畏自然、与生活讲和、爱与奉献的态度，对待死亡保持乐观、超然的态度。莫里认为生与死是生命的两种自然状态，教导人们珍惜有限的生命，在能力范围内投入爱与奉献并坦然面对死亡。关键词:生死观；哲学；精神自由；自然；奉献AbstractThe philosophical question of life and death has been widely explored by scholars, bringing to light the feelings and reflections of people about life and d
5、eath. Many parts of the content in Chuang-tzu show Chuang-tzus attitude towards life, which was to be open, obedient and happy, and his attitude towards death, which was to be free and pursue spiritual freedom. The natural evolution of things and the evolution of life and death in accordance with Ta
6、o urge people to pursue subjective values and realize absolute spiritual freedom. In Tuesdays with Morrie, Morrie shared in the final stages of life the wisdom of a life, that is to remain reverent to nature, be at peace with life, love and devotion, and optimistic and transcendent toward death. Mor
7、rie took life and death as two natural states of life and taught people to value the limited life, to love and devote to life, and to face death with peace.Key words: view of life and death; philosophy; mental freedom; nature; devotionTable of Contents中文摘要IAbstractIITable of ContentsIII1. Introducti
8、on12. Previous studies on Chuang-tzu and Tuesdays with Morrie32.1. Previous studies on Chuang-tzu32.2. Previous studies on Tuesdays with Morrie43. Life and Death in Chuang-tzu53.1. Philosophy of Life in Chuang-tzu53.2. Philosophy of Death in Chuang-tzu74. Life and Death in Tuesdays with Morrie94.1.
9、Philosophy of Life in Tuesdays with Morrie104.2. Philosophy of Death in Tuesdays with Morrie115. Conclusion12Bibliography14III1. IntroductionThe philosophy of life and death has always been a hot topic for scholars at home and abroad. Thinking of life and death in these works, people understand the
10、propositions of life and death from different perspectives, so that people have a chance to think about their own life and death.Chuang-tzu and Tuesdays with Morrie both cover rich philosophical ideas of life and death. The creative background and main content of Chuang-tzus works are as follows. Ch
11、uang-tzu is one of the main representatives of Taoism, a thinker, philosopher and litterateur in the Warring States period. This Period was a time of constant war and social unrest. Lived in such an era, the ideas put forward by Chuang-tzu and others were save the country from the disaster of war an
12、d people live in peace. Chuang-tzu could feel the breath of death anywhere, and he often lament the variability of life and the difficulty of life. In the war era, under the background of distortions of justice and morals, peoples sense of poverty and insecurity, Chuang-tzu often thought about the p
13、hilosophical issues of life and death. He wrote in The Great Master: “Life and death are common in the night and the sky.” The meaning of this sentence is that Chuang-tzu opposed life and death, day and night, thinking that these are all natural phenomena. Chuang-tzu wanted to tell us that since lif
14、e and death are uncontrollable, it is unnecessary to be greedy for life and death. Chuang-tzu mentioned in Qi Wu Lun: “There is nothing bigger than the end of the earth, while Taishan is small, no one can live longer than a dead son, and Peng Zu is young. Heaven and earth are one with me, and all th
15、ings are one with me.” The meaning of this sentence is that because of different perspectives on things, there are differences between right and wrong. Life and death are the same, they are relative. From two examples, we can see that Chuang-tzus view of life and death is to conform to nature and pu
16、rsue spiritual freedom. Mitch Albom, the author of Tuesdays with Morrie, and the main character in his works, Morrie, a professor of sociology, they are teachers and students. The main content of this book is that professor Morrie is about to die after suffering from amyotrophic lateral sciences (AL
17、S) in his old age. By chance, the student he once taught, Mitch Albom, got the sad news and came to see him. Thats when the old professor decided to give the last lesson to the students and leave his understanding of life to the world through his student. The class time is Tuesday every week. It was
18、 also the source of the books name. In the first year of college, he became a student of Morrie.Although they were teacher-student relationship, they are very connected.After graduation, Mitch experienced the failure of his music career and the death of his uncle, which made him suffer from the wate
19、rloo of life. He also understood that human life is limited, and he thought that he should spend more time to work and live. When he learned that the former teacher suffered from ALS. He dropped his job and joined the teachers class every Tuesday. Mitch re-examine his life, and this book also gave a
20、 lot of people opportunity to learn wisdom of life from professor Morrie. Throughout Mitchs representative works, they all run through such narrative themes: death, the value of life, love and redemption. The themes are interrelated: interpreting the value of life with the help of death; the value o
21、f life lies in love and dedication. Similarly, in the book of Tuesdays with Morrie, Morries view of life and death is connected with love and dedication.The view of life and death is always related to philosophy, because the theme of life and death is always worth exploring. Seneca, ancient Roman st
22、atesman and philosopher, said: “A person must constantly think of death.” He thought that people who are not aware of death dont care about life. This sentence means that we will work hard and live hard if we do not forget the vulnerability and death of people. Socrates, the Greek philosopher, chang
23、ed from the exploration of nature to the exploration of human mind. He believed that the moral criterion of human being “good” originated from human soul. The soul with good is a kind of innate and immortal existence. The moral pursuit for the purpose of “good” constructed the world of rational thin
24、king. Therefore, Socratess view of life and death is based on the pursuit of individuals. The famous “death of Socrates”, Socrates refused to escape from prison, but chose to face death. He thought that running away is not only a humiliation to his life and personality, but also a violation of the l
25、aw, which is not in line with his rational thinking. Finally, he chose to face death calmly and follow philosophy and soul. This is the personality charm of Socrates, and also the expression of philosophical charm. In the philosophy of life and death of Confucius, Confucius regarded life and death a
26、s a natural law. He focused on human behavior, and especially paid attention to grasping the present. As recorded in The Analects of Confucius- Advanced, Zi Lu asked Confucius: “Dare to ask death”, Confucius answered: “if you dont understand what life is, how will you understand death?” From this we
27、 can see that Confucius is focusing on the present life, grasping the time to do ourselves well. The Analects of Confucius records that he said on the river: “Time flies, day and night.” It can be seen that Confucius lamented the shortness and preciousness of life and taught people to value life. At
28、 the same time, Confucius rarely talked about death. When it came to death, He advocated that is to face death calmly and realize ones value in a limited life. Wang Yangming, a thinker and philosopher in Ming Dynasty, whose philosophy of life and death embodies his life style as a representative of
29、Confucianism. Wang Yangming regarded loyalty, faith, propriety and righteousness as the value of life and death, established his attitude towards life and death with the completion of his moral mission, and took the breakthrough as the way to transcend life and death. His understanding of life has t
30、wo levels, one is life, the other is mission. As long as he has completed the mission given by heaven, life will be considered to have completed the responsibility, so he can feel at ease in the face of death. Wang Yangming believed that human life and death should not only be subject to the preserv
31、ation of integrity, but also to their own mission and responsibility. “The way of life and death is inevitable.” But need a worthy death.The philosophical view of life and death is a torch, warm and bright, giving people strength. 2. Previous Studies on Chuang-tzu and Tuesdays with MorrieScholars at
32、 home and abroad have analyzed the views on life and death in Chuang-tzu and Tuesdays with Morrie from multiple angles.2.1. Previous Studies on Chuang-tzuChuang-tzus philosophy of life and death is widely spread around people, and scholars have a lot of research on it. Wu Yanan believed that Chuang-
33、tzu made a systematic study of death and discussed the essence of death in both material and spiritual aspects, put life and death in the circulation of the Tao, thus formed his philosophy of transcending death. (Wu Yanan, 2018:15) Wang Zhongling studied the content of Chuang-tzus view of life and d
34、eath. He said that the first form of Chuang-tzus view of life and death was materialization, which was embodied in Chuang-tzus fable of turning into a butterfly at the end of Qi Wu Lun. Chuang-tzu expounded the concept of materialization from the form of philosophical thinking to life, expressed his
35、 philosophical affirmation of universal connection to all things with the help of Chuang-tzus fable, and unified the broken world come along. The second was the concept of greatness, which had leveled the status of man and all things and cancelled the particularity of man. The third was the concept
36、of gathering and dispersing Qi, which shows that Chuang-tzu obeys the natural way and pursues the higher realm of spiritual detachment.(Wang Zhongling, 2019:23) Brian Hoffert, in his philosophical thinking of Chuang-tzus great awakening beyond life and death, proposed that when Chuang-tzu explained
37、the relationship between life and death, he thought that life would not end with the disappearance of the body. If life is a dream, then when we die, the dream still does not end. Because people usually wake up from their dreams, Chuang-tzu felt that we may wake up from the experience as well. Unfor
38、tunately, Chuang-tzus formulation of the afterlife and eternal life is vague and lack of systematicness. To some extent, it may be because he was skeptical of the truth as a whole, but some people thought that even Chuang-tzu felt that he was in an unknown field, probably Because he had no direct ex
39、perience of the afterlife or eternity. (Brian, 2015:12) From the perspective of comparative philosophy, in the comparison of Socrates and Chuang-tzus views on life and death, Fan Na proposed that Socrates face death without hesitation, practiced his moral philosophy by heroic death. When faced with
40、life and death, Chuang-tzu strived to be one with the Tao. Chuang-tzu put forward the “natural” life and death value standard, and strived to achieve the “full life” in the body and the “uniform with man, treat life and death equally, transcend interests, rarely Some people really adopt this attitud
41、e, but it is very appropriate and effective to use it in aesthetics and literature. (Fan Na, 2014:11) When Alexis Elder analyzed Chuang-tzus thoughts on survival and death from the perspective of ontology, he compared the views of Stoic and Buddhism and proposed that Chuang-tzu believed that death w
42、as a kind of transformation, which marked a new stage of existence. It positions Taoisms response to death from a personal and human perspective, thus providing a more powerful alternative to asceticism and Buddhisms position on attachment and sadness. Life and death are just a change, not a loss. (
43、Alexis, 2014:52)2.2. Previous studies on Tuesdays with MorrieTuesdays with Morrie was also widely read and studied by people. Some people have studied the sense of mission in the novel; Yang Sizhuo proposed that people have two ways of living: the first is to neglect the mission because of life, and
44、 the mission will be lonely; the second is to neglect the life because of the mission, and the life will be further sublimation. Morrie is undoubtedly the kind of person who makes life sublime. Therefore, Tuesdays with Morrie revealed that we can learn from Morrie “successful because of the achievem
45、ents of others”. (Yang Sizhuo, 2010:4) Colleen A Capper analyzed Tuesdays with Morrie from the perspective of epistemology, and proposed that death is the end of life, not feelings. Take life and death as a kind of faith and belief, and take the relationship with all people as the gift of life, we c
46、an understand the world we live in and the people we contact more truly. (Colleen, 2000:2) Michael J. Hyde analyzed the importance of recognition in survival and death from the perspective of ontology. We need to feel the existence of these two states through recognition. First, we need to recognize
47、 our own existence and disappearance through recognition. From Tuesdays with Morrie, Morrie didnt feel ashamed to die. Instead, he made death his last plan, the center of his life, to feel life better. Even if he lost control of his body, he still thought that getting along with others is what makes
48、 him feel alive. When he took time make someone smile after who is sad, just as healthy as he felt. From the perspective of ontology, this paper expounds the relationship between existence and death and others in recognition. (Michael, 2005:35)When Jacquelyn H. flaskerud analyzed the concept of good
49、 ending in the West from a philosophical perspective, he proposed that the philosophical significance of Tuesdays with Morrie is that Morrie decided to take death as his last project and the center of his life. His philosophy of death was to be ready for death at any time, so that he can participate more in his l