《现代大学英语精读3第二版Unit4_Book3教案资料.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《现代大学英语精读3第二版Unit4_Book3教案资料.ppt（49页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、现代大学英语精读3第二版Unit4_Book3Questions/ActivitiesCheck-on PreviewObjectivesWarming upDiogenes and AlexanderUnit 4Warming upQuestions/Activities1.What does the author tell us about Diogenes?Who was he?What was his philosophy?What did he think was the problem with people?How did he intend to help them?What
2、were the key values he promoted?How,in his opinion,could we find true happiness?2.What does the author tell us about Alexander?What did this king have in common with Diogenes,the beggar?Why was Alexander considered a man of destiny?3.How would you contrast the two characters?Why did Alexander decide
3、 to visit Diogenes?What did Diogenes really mean when he said that Alexander was blocking the sunlight?Define the following words and phrases:1.a mischievous pebble (para.1)2.elaborate(para.4)3.by design(para.6)4.restrained(para.12)5.chivalrous(para.12)Warming upCheck-on PreviewParaphrase:1.Live wit
4、hout conventions,which are artificial and false;escape complexities and extravagances:only so can you live a free life.(para.4)2.His lifes aim was clear to him:it was“to restamp the currency”:to take the clean metal of human life,to erase the old false conventional markings,and to imprint it with it
5、s true values.(para.5)Warming upCheck-on PreviewObjectives1.Content:differences and similarities between Diogenes and AlexanderCynicism and its present significance philosophy vs.power2.Writing:comparison and contrast DiogenesAlexanderDiogenesother beggars/hermits/philosophersAlexanderother Macedoni
6、ans(officers&officials)Here,the alternating comparison/contrast(subject by subject)is used.Warming upBackgroundAlexanderDiogenesDiogenes and AlexanderUnit 4BackgroundDiogenes1.Who was Diogenes?A beggarA philosopherA missionary2.Doctrine:Cynicism the doctrine that scorned worldly needs and pleasures
7、and held that virtue was the key to the only good http:/www.iep.utm.edu/d/diogsino.htmBackground1.Cynicism in modern sense:the belief of a cynic,who maintains that people are all motivated by selfishness,that no one will help others for good and sincere reasons2.What are the major tenets(principles)
8、of Cynicism?Do you find any expressions of these principles in the text?self-sufficiencyshamelessnessoutspokennessperfection of virtueDiogenesBackground AlexanderMacedonian King:son of PhilipThe Thinker:student of AristotleThe Conqueror:Greece,Asia,EgyptWhy do you think he wanted to bring so many re
9、gions under his rule?BackgroundAlexander the Greats Empire AlexanderBackgroundAlexander the Greats Empire AlexanderDetailedAnalysisStructure Text AnalysisCharacterAnalysisDiogenes and AlexanderUnit 4Diogenes:the beggar(paras.1-3)Text AnalysisCharacter AnalysisDiogenes:a free manOther people:half-men
10、ShelterFurnitureDressFoodPossessionsNature of the lifecask,a storage jar made of earthenwarea house(big,with many rooms)nonebeds,chairs,etc.(elaborate)blanket(half-naked)clothes(expensive)bits of food begged from others,drinking from his hollowed handselaborate nonehorses,servants,bank accounts(anxi
11、ous)a life by choice,out of principle natural,healthy,independent a life as slaves of their possessions artificial,anxious,loss of virtueDiogenes:the beggar(paras.1-3)There are contrasts within the broad contrast.How did Diogenes contrast with ordinary homeless people?Text AnalysisCharacter Analysis
12、Diogenes:the philosopher(para.4)1.“A Socrates gone mad”:repositioning of convention below nature and reason2.Three key principles:living in accord with naturetotal disregard of conventionindependence(freedom)being the only true,lasting goodText AnalysisCharacter AnalysisDiogenes:the missionary(para.
13、5)1.Comparison with ordinary hermitsSimilarities:Both grew tired of human society with its complications and wanted to live simply.Differences:Text Analysishermitswent away to live simplyon a small farm,in a quiet village or a caveDiogeneshad a sense of mission,deliberately chose to live in the busy
14、 streets in Athens or Corinth,in order to convert people Character AnalysisDiogenes:the missionary(para.5)2.What was his mission?“to restamp the currency”call people back to the natural way of lifetrue lifeText AnalysisCharacter AnalysisDiogenes:ways of teaching(para.6)1.How did Diogenes differ from
15、 other philosophers of his time?Plato:taught his private pupils in his Academy,which he founded as one of the earliest centers of advanced learning in the world.Aristotle:taught his own private pupils by the use of laboratory,instruments,and specimens.Diogenes:taught all those who would care to list
16、en by his own example or by taking people around him for examples.Text AnalysisCharacter AnalysisDiogenes:ways of teaching(para.6)2.He carried a lighted lamp in broad daylight and inspected the face of everyone he met.Text Analysis“When you are all so busy,I feel I ought to do something!”Character A
17、nalysis Alexander:citizen of the world(paras.11-13)1.King:different from other Macedonians drinking?women?fighting?2.Thinker:Aristotles pupil,he learned culturephilosophyprinciples of scientific research3.Conquerortook command of the League of Greek Statescommander-in-chief of a new expedition again
18、st old,rich,corrupt AsiaText AnalysisCharacter AnalysisCharacter AnalysisText Analysis“Stand to one side.Youre blocking the sunlight.”The Dramatic Encounter(paras.14-17)The differences and similarities between the two historical characters.1.Differences2.Similarities Text AnalysisCharacter AnalysisD
19、iogenes Alexander Physical appearanceIdentificationStatusPossessions&PowerMissionDifferencesText AnalysisCharacter Analysishigh,treated with respect,greeted with a bow and acclamationlying on the bare earth,shoeless,bearded,half-naked,like a beggar,a doghandsome face,fiery glance,strong body,purple
20、and gold cloak,air of destiny philosopher,missionary great monarch,conquerorlow,treated with contempt and disapproval none,rejecting possession or powerland and absolute power“restamp the currency”:to call people back to the simple and natural lifetrue valuebring people of the whole world to the lig
21、ht of civilization1.Both were great thinkers.2.Both had a sense of mission.3.Both were“citizens of the world,”admiring the heroic figure of Hercules,who labored for mankind.4.Both were free.SimilaritiesText AnalysisCharacter AnalysisText AnalysisStructure1Paras.1-10Diogenes(life,philosophy,mission,w
22、ays of teaching)2Paras.11-13Alexander(a philosopher king with an inquiring,noble mind)3Paras.14-17their dramatic encounter1.Sometimes they threw bits of food,and got scant thanks;sometimes a mischievous pebble,and got a shower of stones and abuse.(para.1)Sometimes people would throw bits of food to
23、him,but he hardly thanked them at all.Sometimes they would throw a pebble at him for fun,but get a shower of stones and a stream of abuse in return.Part I:Paraphrase Text AnalysisDetailed Analysis2.His lifes aim was clear to him:it was“to restamp the currency”:to take the clean metal of human life,t
24、o erase the old false conventional markings,and to imprint it with its true values.(para.5)His purpose in life was clear to him:it was“to reprint the coins.”Human life can be taken as the clean coins which are imprinted with false markings.He was to remove the false markings and print the true value
25、s on it.In other words,his aim in life was to call on people to reject the false,conventional way of life and return to the simple and natural life.Part I:Paraphrase Text AnalysisDetailed Analysis1.Having no work to go to and no family to provide _,he was free.(para.1)provide for:give sb the things
26、that they need to live,such as food,clothingTranslation他要供养他年迈的父母以及两个正在上学的妹妹。He has to provide for his aged parents and two sister who are still at school.道路被切断，无法给部队提供给养。The road was cut off and supplies could not be provided for the troops.forPart I:Words&ExpressionsText AnalysisDetailed Analysis2
27、.As the market place _ up with shoppers and merchants and slaves and foreigners,he had _ through it for an hour or two.(para.1)Cf.wander,roam,ramble,strollTranslation中间还有两个小时，因此她逛了一趟商业中心。There were still two hours to go,so she strolled through the shopping mall.漫步海边，感觉太好了。Its wonderful to take a str
28、oll along the seaside.strolledfilledPart I:Words&ExpressionsText AnalysisDetailed Analysis3.He thought everybody lived far too _,expensively,anxiously.What good is a house?(para.2)Translation彼得制定了一个非常详尽的计划来筹措资金。Peter worked out an elaborate scheme for raising the fund.他们为局长准备了一桌精美的饭菜，结果被狠狠批评了一顿。They
29、 prepared a very elaborate meal for the bureau head only to be severely criticized.elaboratelyPart I:Words&ExpressionsText AnalysisDetailed Analysis4.No one needs beds and chairs and such furniture:the animals _ and sleep on the ground.All we require,since nature did not dress us properly,is one gar
30、ment to keep us warm,and some shelter from rain and wind.(para.2)Translation这名警察死时很年轻，但他的一生过得很有意义。The policeman died young,but he lived a meaningful life.作为一个探险者，他的一生充满了冒险。As an explorer,he lived an adventurous life.live healthy livesPart I:Words&ExpressionsText AnalysisDetailed Analysis5.he spent m
31、uch of his life inCorinth,mocking and satirizing its people,and occasionally _ one of them.(para.2)convert:to make sb change from one religion or belief to another Ann has converted to Islam recently.Marxist literature converted him into a staunch revolutionary.Cf.to make sth change from one form,sy
32、stem to a different one This is part of the process of converting iron into steel.to change from one object into another I cant see how this plastic sheet converts into a tent.Part I:Words&ExpressionsText AnalysisDetailed Analysisconverting6.He was not the first to _ such a thing.But he was the firs
33、t who ever did so _ choice,_ principle.(para.3)inhabit Some of the rare species inhabit the area.by choice She took the job in the West by choice.out of Just out of curiosity,why did you take that job?Part I:Words&ExpressionsinhabitbyText AnalysisDetailed Analysisout of7.They _ him.He is their slave
34、.In order to procure a quantity of false,perishable goods he has sold the only true,lasting good,his own independence.(para.4)Cf.What possessed him to say a stupid thing like that?She seemed possessed.Nobody could talk her out of it.Part I:Words&ExpressionsText AnalysisDetailed Analysispossess8.Ther
35、efore,he chose to live in Athens or Corinth,where travelers from all over the Mediterranean world constantly came and went.And,design,he publicly behaved in such ways as to show people what real life was.(para.6)Translation世界是有意缔造的呢，还是偶然形成的呢？Was the world made by design or did it come into existence
36、 by chance?Part I:Words&ExpressionsbyText AnalysisDetailed Analysis1.The little square began to fill with peoplepage boys,soldiersthey all gradually formed a circle around Diogenes.He looked them _,as a sober man looks at a crowd of tottering drunks,and shook his head.(para.11)look over:(here)examin
37、e,scrutinizeMore examples with“over”:think over,talk over,read over,go over Part II:Words&ExpressionsoverText AnalysisDetailed Analysis1.With his handsome face,his f_ glance,his strong body,his purple and gold cloak,and his air of d_,he moved through the parting crowd toward the Dogs k_.(para.14)2.L
38、ooking at the poor broken cask,the single r_ garment,and the rough figure lying on the ground,he said:“Is there anything I can do for you,Diogenes?”(para.15)more examples:beloved wife,blessed morning,a wicked man,my aged parents,a rugged coastlinePart III:Words&ExpressionsText AnalysisDetailed Analy
39、sis ieryestinyennelagged3.The Macedonian officers,after deciding that Diogenes was not _ the trouble of kicking,were starting to _ and nudge one another.(para.17)Cf.worth,worthwhile,worthya worthwhile cause/discussion/jobHigh prices in the UK make it worthwhile for buyers to look abroad.be worthy of
40、 attention/consideration/mentionA number of the findings are worthy of note.a worthy champion/winner/sonPart III:Words&ExpressionsText AnalysisDetailed Analysisworth guffaw Cf.grin,guffaw,titter,chuckle,gigglegrin:to make a wide smileguffaw:to laugh loudlytitter:to laugh in a suppressed waychuckle:t
41、o laugh softly in a low tonegiggle:to laugh quietly in a silly,childish,uncontrolled wayPart III:Words&ExpressionsText AnalysisDetailed AnalysisReinforcementWriting Writing TechniquesTechniquesDiscussionDiogenes and AlexanderUnit 4TranslationTranslationReinforcementWriting Techniques1.Comparison&Con
42、trast examplesuse transitional words or expressions to make comparison and achieve unity:not so(para.5),the otherbut for(para.6)use transitional paragraph to achieve coherence2.Parallelism achieve increased strength,sounding more powerful,more effective,e.g.para.143.Euphemism e.g.done his business,n
43、atural actsHe was one,but not the other.(para.1)Not so Diogenes.(para.5)But for Diogenes,(para.6)Alexander was far older and wiser than his years.(para.12)Like all Macedonians he loved(para.12)he was a magnificent commander,but he was not merely a military automaton.(para.12)Only Diogenes,although h
44、e lived in Corinth,did not visit the new monarch.(para.13)Diogenes merely sat upDiogenes said nothing.(para.14)He understood Cynicism as the others could not.(para.17)Like Diogenes,he admired(para.17)who labored to help mankind while all others toiled(para.17)ReinforcementWriting TechniquesReinforce
45、ment4.Transferred Epitheta figure of speech that carries the modifier across and puts it on to another word which is not normally modified by it,so as to stress the emotions or feelingse.g.a mischievous pebble(para.1)(It is Diogenes,not the pebble,that is mischievous.);amazed silence(para.17)(It is
46、the crowd,not the silence,that is amazed.)5.Analogy e.g.drawing a parallel between“change the values”and“restamp the currency”(para.5)Writing Techniques1.If you think of yourself as a person with a mission,a mission to serve the people,would you rather be Diogenes with his philosophy or Alexander wi
47、th his power?2.Does Cynicism have any relevance to todays realities?ReinforcementDiscussion1.possess他被逮捕并被指控拥有攻击性武器。我不知道他着了什么魔，在那条繁忙的街道上把车子开得那么快。他挥着刀子又喊又叫，像是着了魔。2.form不同的国家有不同的政体，对此我们应当予以更多的理解。这些人排成一行，把货物从大车上传递到船上。援助可以以多种形式进行，如个人服务或现金等。ReinforcementTranslation 3.roll司机摇下车窗和警察说话。展览结束后，这些油画被人从画框中取下来，卷
48、起来以收藏。船摇动得厉害，我们感到头晕。4.appoint他被任命为销售部经理。指派一个律师到这个岗位还是有道理的。已任命一个委员会来调查这些投诉。ReinforcementTranslation 5.account他在会上向我们简单地描述了那天发生的情况。我们在任何情况下都不能忘记我们的“根”。现在乡镇企业总产值已快占全市总产值一半以上了。他得向主席说明他是如何支配公司的资金的。坏天气不足以用来解释今年庄稼为何欠收。ReinforcementTranslation 此课件下载可自行编辑修改，仅供参考！此课件下载可自行编辑修改，仅供参考！感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！谢谢感谢您的支持，我们努力做得更好！谢谢