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1、直接引语变间接引语的讲解直接引语变间接引语的讲解第1页,本讲稿共36页引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式:-原封不动地引用原话原封不动地引用原话,把它放在括号内把它放在括号内,这叫直接引语这叫直接引语;二二.用自己的话加以转述用自己的话加以转述,这叫间接引语这叫间接引语.第2页,本讲稿共36页)人称的变化)人称的变化口诀说明直接引语间接引语一一随随主主二二随随宾宾三三不不变变引号内的第一人引号内的第一人称变间引后与主称变间引后与主句主语的人称保句主语的人称保持一致持一致引号内的第二人引号内的第二人称变间引后与主称变间引后与主句宾语的人称保句宾语的人称保持一致持一致引号
2、内的第三人引号内的第三人称在变间引后去人称在变间引后去人称不变称不变She said,“I like Tennis.”She said that she liked tennisHe said to Lily,“you must get up early”He told Lily that she must get up earlyShe said to me,“They want tohelp him”She told me that they wanted tohelp him一随主,二随宾,三不变一随主,二随宾,三不变第3页,本讲稿共36页直接引语时态直接引语时态直接引语时态直接引语时态
3、间接引语时态间接引语时态间接引语时态间接引语时态一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时不变不变一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时第4页,本讲稿共36页Nowtodaytonightagoyesterdaylast nighttomorrownext ThedayaftertomorrowThedaybeforeyesterday直接引语中的时间状语转换规则:直接引语中的时间状语转换规则:thenThat dayThat nightBefore/ea
4、rlier第5页,本讲稿共36页记住:记住:指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化动词的变化直接引语间接引语指示代词this,these时间状语nowtodayyesterdaytomorrowthisweeknextweek.地点状语here动词come第6页,本讲稿共36页“一随主一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句是指在直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如:的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如:Shesaid.Mybrotherwant
5、stogo shoppingwithme.”Shesaidherbrother wantedtogo shoppingwithher.第7页,本讲稿共36页The boy said,”Im reading a book.”Directspeech直接引语直接引语Theboysaid(that)hewasreadingabook.Reportedspeech间接引语间接引语.第8页,本讲稿共36页“二随宾二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时,是指直接引语变间接引语时,若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟
6、引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称,如:主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称,如:HesaidtoKate.Howisyoursisternow?”HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen。第9页,本讲稿共36页“第三人称不更新第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如:般不需要变化如:Mr.Smithsaid,“Jackisagoodboy.”Mr
7、.SmithsaidJackwasagoodboy.第10页,本讲稿共36页Practice:1)He said,“My brother failed in the exam.”He said _brother had failed in the exam.2)He said to Mary,“How is your mother now?”he asked Mary how _mother was then.3)My teacher said,she is a good student.My teacher said _was a good student4)He said to me,“I
8、ve left her book in your room”He told me that _had left _ book in _ room.hishershehehermy第11页,本讲稿共36页记住记住:动词时态的变化动词时态的变化直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时cancouldmaymight第12页,本讲稿共36页1陈述句陈述句直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语引语时,时,用连词用连词that引导(引导(that在口语中常省略)在口语中常省略)一般现在时一般现在时Hesaid,“IcandowellinEng
9、lish.”现在进行时现在进行时Hesaid,“Imwritingaletter.”一般将来时一般将来时Tomsaidtome“Iwillcallyoutomorrow”一般过去时一般过去时过去进行时过去进行时过去将来时过去将来时HesaidthathecoulddowellinEnglish.Hesaidthathewaswritingaletter.Tomtoldmethathewouldcallmethenextday.第13页,本讲稿共36页注注:如果主句是一般现在时,直接引语如果主句是一般现在时,直接引语变间接引语时,从句的时态不变。变间接引语时,从句的时态不变。He says,“I
10、m not good at math.”Hesaysthatheisnotgoodatmath.第14页,本讲稿共36页注意:注意:(1)如果在当天转述如果在当天转述today,yesterday,tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变等时间状语也不必改变。(2)如果在当地转述,如果在当地转述,here不必改为不必改为there,动词,动词come不必改为不必改为go.(3)当转述客观真理时,直接引语变为间接引语时,时态不变。如:当转述客观真理时,直接引语变为间接引语时,时态不变。如:1.Hesaid,“Themoonmovesaroundtheearth.Hesaidthatthemoonmo
11、vesaroundtheearth.(4)为了表示引述的状态和情况到现在仍然是事实时,也经常用一般现在为了表示引述的状态和情况到现在仍然是事实时,也经常用一般现在时。时。Myteachersaid,“Tomisagoodstudent.”MyteachersaidTomisagoodstudent.26第15页,本讲稿共36页I I cancan speak three languages.speak three languages.He He saidsaid he he couldcould speak speak three languages.three languages.Whatd
12、idhesay?第16页,本讲稿共36页IammadatMarcia.HesaidhewasmadatMarcia.Whatdidhesay?第17页,本讲稿共36页he was good at playing basketball.What did he say?He saidIm good at playing basketball.第18页,本讲稿共36页2)特殊疑问句特殊疑问句:由直接引语变为间接引语时由直接引语变为间接引语时,仍用原来的疑问词引仍用原来的疑问词引导导.要把疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。要把疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。Eg.“Whereareyougoing?”Fathera
13、skedhisson.Eg.The policeman asked the small boy,“Where do you live?”Thepolicemanaskedthesmallboywherehelived.Fatheraskedhissonwherehewasgoing疑问语序疑问语序陈述语序陈述语序疑问语序疑问语序陈述语序陈述语序第19页,本讲稿共36页“Whatareyoudoing?”SheaskedmeI was doing.what第20页,本讲稿共36页“Why do you like English?”HeaskedmeI liked Englishwhy第21页,本
14、讲稿共36页“Wheredoeshelive?”Sheaskedmehe lived.where第22页,本讲稿共36页“Howdoesshegotoschool?”SheaskedmeShe went to school.how第23页,本讲稿共36页第24页,本讲稿共36页“Doyouknowmyname?”SheaskedmeI knew her name.Whether/if是否是否第25页,本讲稿共36页第26页,本讲稿共36页第27页,本讲稿共36页Whendoyouhavemath?(Theyaskedhim)Theyaskedhimwhenyouhavemathyou have
15、 math.hehadTheyaskedhimwhenhe had math.Summary(总结总结)1.特殊疑问句直接引语变间接引语特殊疑问句直接引语变间接引语第28页,本讲稿共36页Doyouhavemath?(Theyaskedhim)TheyaskedhimWhether/ifyouhavemathyou have math.hehadTheyaskedhimwhether/ifhe had math.2.一般疑问句直接引语变间接引语一般疑问句直接引语变间接引语第29页,本讲稿共36页Canyouplaythepiano?(Theyaskedhim)TheyaskedhimWheth
16、er/ifYoucanplaythepianoyou can play the piano.hecouldTheyaskedhimwhether/ifhe could play the piano.第30页,本讲稿共36页1、直接引语中的、直接引语中的时间状语时间状语转换规则:转换规则:2、直接引语中的指示代词转换规则:、直接引语中的指示代词转换规则:3、直接引语中动词、直接引语中动词come在间接引语中用在间接引语中用go:4、直接引语中副词、直接引语中副词here在间接引语中用在间接引语中用there:5、如果是在当天或在原地转达,则上述时间状语、如果是在当天或在原地转达,则上述时间状语或
17、地点状语一律或地点状语一律不变:不变:thisthatthesethose第31页,本讲稿共36页1.判断句型加连接词。2.语序。3.人称4.时态5.状语6.注意祈使句。第32页,本讲稿共36页Summary1当直接引语是陈述句:由当直接引语是陈述句:由(that)引导引导主语(主语(said)that+句子(时态往过去推句子(时态往过去推 told 2 当直接引语是一般疑问句当直接引语是一般疑问句:用用 if引导引导 whether主语(主语(asked)if +一般疑问句一般疑问句(主谓结构)主谓结构)whether窍门(窍门(do/does/did去掉)去掉)(be/can/may/mu
18、st/will/should放主语后)放主语后)第33页,本讲稿共36页3.当直接引语是特殊疑问句时,用原来当直接引语是特殊疑问句时,用原来的特殊疑问词引导(的特殊疑问词引导(what/where等)等)主语主语 asked+what 特殊疑问句(主谓)特殊疑问句(主谓)where4当直接引语是祈使句时用句型:当直接引语是祈使句时用句型:主语主语+told sb(not)to do sth asked ordered第34页,本讲稿共36页8.“Didyouseeherlastweek?”hesaid.He_Ihadseenhertheweek_.9.Hesaid,“Youcansithere
19、,Jim.”He_Jimthathe_sitthere10.Heasked,“Howdidyoufindit,mother?”Heaskedhermother_foundit.11.“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays?”heasked.Heaskedme_been_days.12.“Doyouknowwhereshelives?”heasked.Heasked_knewwhereshe_.13.“Stopmakingsomuchnoise,children.”hesaid.He_thechildren_makingsomuchnoise.14.“Donttellhimthen
20、ews.”shesaid.Shetoldme_himthenews.15.“Areyouintestedinthis?”hesaid.He_Iwasinterestdin_.ifaskedtoldbeforeshecouldwherehowhadihadthoselivediifstoptotoldtonotaskedtellifthat第35页,本讲稿共36页1.Shesaidtome“Whyareyouinterestedinscience?”Sheaskedme_interestedinscience.2.Heaskedhim“whenwillyoubuytheredcoat?”Heaskedhim_buytheredcoat.3.Shirleyaskedme“Wherewereyouborn?”Shirleyaskedme_born.4.“Whatswrongwithyou?”Lilyaskedme.Lilyaskedme_with_.5.Thegirlaskedme“Whathappened?”Thegirlaskedme_.Exercises:whyIwaswhenhewouldwhereIwaswhatwaswrongmewhathappened第36页,本讲稿共36页