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1、直接引语与间接引语直接引语与间接引语Direct speech & Reported speech直接引语：直接引语： 直接引述别人的原话直接引述别人的原话. .直直接引语的前后必须加引号接引语的前后必须加引号。间接引语：间接引语： 转述别人的话。转述别人的话。间接引间接引语前后不加引号。语前后不加引号。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句直接引语与间接引语的定义妈妈说:” 杰克是个好工人“.Mother said :”Jack is a good worker.”妈妈说杰克是个好工人。Mother said that Jack is a good worker直接
2、引语：直接引语：间接引语Direct speech:Indirect speech:一、如何变人称：一、如何变人称： 口诀：一随主。二随宾，第三不变。口诀：一随主。二随宾，第三不变。 “一随主一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如： She said. My brother wants to go shopping with me. ” She said her brother wanted to
3、 go shopping with her.“二随宾二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：如： HesaidtoKate.Howisyoursisternow?”HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen。 “第三人称不更新第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从
4、句中的主语及宾语是接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：人称一般不需要变化如： Mr. Smith said, “Jack is a good boy.”Mr. Smith said Jack was a good boy.二、如何变时态：二、如何变时态：直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。1)一般现在时一般现在时一般一般过去时态过去时态；She said: “ I am a student. ” She said (that) she was a
5、student.2)一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时She said, He will go to see his friend.”She said he would go to see his friend。 Tom said, “ I am going to play basketball tomorrow.” Tom said he was going to play basketball tomorrow.3) 现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时； She said ,“I am reading a book.”She said she was reading a boo
6、k.注意：以下几种情况时态注意：以下几种情况时态不变不变直接引语是客观真理。直接引语是客观真理。 The teacher said The earth moves around the sun .” The teacher said me the earth moves around the sun earth.直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语， 变为间接引语时，时态不变。变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：如： Jack said. I was born on April 2l, 1980. 直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。直接引语是过去进
7、行时，时态不变。 Jack said. “I was doing chores when Tom came to see me”Jack said he was doing chores when Tom came to see him.Jack said he was born on April 21, 1980.直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：Hesaid,“Igetupatsixeverymorning。”如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式不再如果
8、直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式不再变变（例：（例：could,should,would,might）Thedoctorsaid,“Youshouldstayinbedfor2days.”ThedoctorsaidIshouldstayinbedfor2days.”和已经是过去时的形式时和已经是过去时的形式时，例：例：oughtto，hadbetter,usedtoPetersaid.Youhadbettercomeheretoday.He said he gets up at six every morning.Peter said I had better go there that
9、day.三、如何变状语：三、如何变状语：直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规律，直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规律，时间状语时间状语由由“现在现在”改为改为“原来原来”（例：（例：now变为变为then,yesterday变为变为thedaybeforetoday变为变为thatdayHesaid,”Iwanttogoswimmingnow.”Hesaidhewantedtogoswimmingthen.地点状语地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，尤其表示方向性的，here变变thereTheteachersaid,“Youshouldcomehereat7:00.”Theteachersai
10、dIshouldgothereat7:00.指示代词指示代词修饰的状语，由修饰的状语，由“此此”改为改为“彼彼”例：例：this改为改为thatHesaid,Thisbooksismine.“Hesaidthatbookwashis.agobefore; this morningthat morningYesterdaythe day before; tomorrowthe next daynext weekthe following week/the next weekYesterday morningthe morning before谓语动词的变化谓语动词的变化:直接引语直接引语:Mus
11、t ;Come ;bring间接引语间接引语:had to; go ;takeShe said, I will come here this evening.”She said that she would go there that evening5、如果是在当天或在原地转达，则上述时间状语、如果是在当天或在原地转达，则上述时间状语或地点状语一律或地点状语一律直接引语转间接引语其他部分变化直接引语转间接引语其他部分变化 here over here tonight now today yesterday tomorrow last week/month/year next week/mont
12、h/year ago the day after tomorrow this these come bring there over there that night then that day the day before the next day the week/moth/yearbefore the next week/month/year before two days later that those go take（1）Shesaid“Illcomethisevening.”Shesaid(that)shewouldgothatevening.（2）Mysistersaidtom
13、e,“Imleavingtomorrow.”Mysistertoldme(that)shewasleavingthenextday. （3）Hesaid,“Mymotherisnotherenow.”Hesaid(that)hismotherwasnottherethen.（4）Nancysaid,”Iamveryhappytoday.”Nancysaid(that)shewasveryhappythatday.1. 直接引语是直接引语是陈述句陈述句变为间接引语的方法变为间接引语的方法 引导词为引导词为:语序语序:that不变不变(that可省略可省略)四、如何变句型四、如何变句型Whendo
14、youhavemath?(Theyaskedhim)Theyaskedhimwhenyouhavemathyou have math.hadTheyaskedhimwhenhe had math.2.特殊疑问句直接引语变间接引语特殊疑问句直接引语变间接引语陈述句语序（即主语在前，谓语在后）陈述句语序（即主语在前，谓语在后）“What are you doing?”She asked meI was doing.whatwhat“Why do you like English?”He asked meI liked Englishwhywhy“Where does he live?”She as
15、ked mehe lived.wherewhereDoyouhavemath?(Theyaskedhim)TheyaskedhimWhether/ifyouhavemathyou have math.hadTheyaskedhimwhether/ifhe had math.3.一般疑问句直接引语变间接引语一般疑问句直接引语变间接引语陈述句语序（即主语在前，谓语在后）陈述句语序（即主语在前，谓语在后）“Do you know my name?”She asked meI knew her name.Whether/if是否是否Canyouplaythepiano?(Theyaskedhim)Th
16、eyaskedhimWhether/ifYoucanplaythepianoyou can play the piano.couldTheyaskedhimwhether/ifhe could play the piano.“Can you help me?”She asked meI could help her.Whether/ifAreyouateacher?(Theyaskedhim)TheyaskedhimWhether/ifyouareateacheryou are a teacher.wasTheyaskedhimwhetherhewasateacher.“Are you rea
17、dy?”She asked meI was ready.Whether/if4. 直接引语是直接引语是祈使句祈使句变为间接引语的方法变为间接引语的方法 间接引语应改为间接引语应改为“tell(ask,order等等)sb(not)todosth.”句型。句型。 She said, “ Dont talk.”She asked the children She said, “Be quiet.”She asked me She said, “Put up you hands if you have anyquestions.She told us to put up our hands if w
18、e had any questions.to be quiet.not to talk.Exercise1. “I never eat meat.” he said. He said that _ never _ meat.2. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”The teacher said that the sun _ in the east and _ down in the west.3. “I met her yesterday.” he said to me.He _ m
19、e that he _ met her the day _.4. “You must come here before five.” he said.He said that I _ to go _ before five.5. “Are you interested in this?” he said. He _ _ I was interested in _.6. “Dont tell him the news.” she said. She told me _ _ _ him the news. heaterisesgoestoldhadbeforehadthereaskedifthat
20、tonottell1. Shesaidtome“Whyareyouinterestedinscience?”Sheaskedme_interestedinscience.2.Heaskedhim“whenwillyoubuytheredcoat?”Heaskedhim_buytheredcoat.3.Shirleyaskedme“Wherewereyouborn?”Shirleyaskedme_born.4.“Whatswrongwithyou?”Lilyaskedme.Lilyaskedme_with_.Exercises:whyIwaswhenhewouldwhereIwaswhatwaswrongme