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1、名词性从句NOUN CLAUSES2021/8/11 星期三1在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。名词性从句主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句 同位语从句 2021/8/11 星期三2 连接代词连接代词 who,whom,whose,which,what,whatever连接副词连接副词 how,why,when,where however,wherever连接词连接词that,whether,if,becauseas if/as though（不充当从句的任何成分）引导名词性从句的关联词引导名词性从句的关联词2021/8/11 星期三3在名词性从句中一律用陈述句的语序，即使从句表达的是疑问含
2、义。The problem is what he has done to the little boy.问题是他对那个小男孩做了些什么。2021/8/11 星期三41.主语从句在句中作主语的句子叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether 和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。2021/8/11 星期三5that在从句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当成分。What he wants to tell us is not clea
3、r.他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。2021/8/11 星期三6Who will win the match is still unknown.Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.That he stole a bike was true.2021/8/11 星期三7单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用复数形式。Where and when he was born has not been found.When the person was mu
4、rdered and why he was murdered are still unknown.2021/8/11 星期三8有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it 代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主句的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：1）It+be+名词+that从句2）It+be+形容词+that从句2021/8/11 星期三93）It+be+动词的过去分词+that从句4）It+不及物动词+that 从句It is known to us how he became a writer.我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。2021/8/11 星期三10It is a p
5、ity that its a shame that Its no wonder thatIt is suggested thatIts requested thatIts proposed that,Its desired that2021/8/11 星期三11注意:在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary Its important,Its naturalstrange,etc.)that 2021/8/11 星期三122.宾语从句名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词
6、与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。2021/8/11 星期三131.)由连接词that引导的宾语从句由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.2021/8/11 星期三14We must never think(that)we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.2
7、021/8/11 星期三15注意:在demand,order,suggest,advise,decide,insist,desire,request,command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用 “should+动词原形”。I insist that she(should)do her work alone.2021/8/11 星期三16The commander ordered that troops(should)set off at once.但是,如果suggest作“表明、暗示”讲,insist作“坚持说、坚持认为”讲，则其后的宾语从句中应该用陈述语气。Th
8、e smile on his face suggested that he had passed the examination.2021/8/11 星期三172)用who，whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。2021/8/11 星期三18I want to know what he has told you.She always thinks of how she can work well.She will give whoe
9、ver needs help a warm support.2021/8/11 星期三193)用whether或if引导的宾语句whether和if均可引导动词后的宾语从句，常可互换。但从句中有or not时或介词后的宾语从句中只能用whether连接。其它名词性从句，如：主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句只用whether.2021/8/11 星期三20Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the t
10、est?2021/8/11 星期三21Everything depends on whether we have enough money.I dont care about whether you have money or not.介词后的宾语从句一般不用which和if引导，要用whether和what。that也很少引导介词宾语从句，只在except,but,besides等之后才用。2021/8/11 星期三22I wonder whether he will come or not.Can you tell me whether to go or to stay?2021/8/11
11、 星期三234)宾语从句中的时态呼应 宾语从句的谓语动词时态受主句谓语动词的影响，如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时从句中的谓语动词可以用各种时态；I know that he studies English every day.2021/8/11 星期三24I know(that)he will study English next year.We all know that he has studied English since 1998.I know that he studied English last term.2021/8/11 星期三25如果主句中的谓语动词用了一般过去时，则从句
12、中的语动只能用过去时的某种形式，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；We believed that he had earned enough money to build a house.2021/8/11 星期三26The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America 当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。The teacher told us that the sun rises in the east.2021/8/11 星期三275)当主句是I/We think(suppose,expect,belie
13、ve,guess,imagine)时，其后的宾语从句如果是否定形式，常把否定词not从从句中转移到主句中成为否定的转移。We dont believe that he will win the game.I dont think he will do so.2021/8/11 星期三286)如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则必须用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置，并且that不能省略。He has made it clear that he will not give in.2021/8/11 星期三29doubt用于肯定结构时，后面用whether/if 引导名词性从句；用于否定结构或疑问结构
14、时，后面用 that 引导名词性从句。be sure 用于肯定句或疑问句时，后接 that 引导的名词性从句；用于否定句时，后接whether/if 引导的名词性从句。2021/8/11 星期三30We doubt whether/if he can win the game.I dont doubt that he will win the game.2021/8/11 星期三31连接代词whoever，whatever，whichever可引导名词性从句，相当于anyone who,anything that等。它们也可以引导让步状语从句，相当于 no matter who/what/wh
15、ich。Whoever breaks the law should be punished.2021/8/11 星期三323.表语从句在句中作表语的句子叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if,because 引导。其基本结构为：主语+系动词+that从句 2021/8/11 星期三33The fact is that we have lost the game.Thats just what I want.This is where our problem lies.That is why he didnt come to th
16、e meeting.2021/8/11 星期三34It looks as if it is going to rain.This is because he missed the train by one minute.需要注意的是，当主语是reason 时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.2021/8/11 星期三354.同位语从句同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句一般跟在某些表示抽象概念 的名词后,
17、如 news,idea,information,fact,hope,thought,belief 等，用来说明名词所表示的具体内容，2021/8/11 星期三36引导同位语从句的连接词通常有that,whether和连接副词when,where,why,how；连接代词who，what，whose，which通常不引导同位语从句。I have no idea when she will be back.2021/8/11 星期三37The news that we won the game is exciting.The thought came to him that Mary had pr
18、obably fallen ill.2021/8/11 星期三38同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略；that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。2021/8/11 星期三39I had no idea that you were here.Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？(that引导同位语从句,不能省略）(that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）2021/8/11 星
19、期三40分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的要点有以下六个方面:1.考查名词性从句的语序问题高考题例示：2021/8/11 星期三411.The photographs will show you _（MET1989）A.what does our village look like B.what our village looks like C.how does our village look like D.how our village looks like 2021/8/11 星期三42例2.Someone is ringing the doorbell.Go and see _.(NME
20、T2000)A.who is he B.who he is C.who is it D.who it is 2021/8/11 星期三43例3.Can you make sure _ the gold ring?(NMET1990)A.where Alice had put B.B.where did Alice put C.where Alice has put D.where has Alice put 2021/8/11 星期三44例4.He asked _ for the violin.(NMET1991)A.did I pay how much B.B.I paid how much
21、 C.how much did I pay D.how much I paid 2021/8/11 星期三452.考查引导词that与what的区别高考题例示：1._we cant get seems better than _we have.(NMET1996)A.What;what B.What;that C.That;that D.That;what2021/8/11 星期三462.No one can be sure _ in a million years.(MET1991)A.what man will look like B.B.what will man look like C
22、.man will look like what D.what look will man like 2021/8/11 星期三473._ you have done might do harm to other people.(MET 1987)A.That B.What B.C.Whether D.How2021/8/11 星期三484._ you dont like him is none of my business.(上海1992)A.What B.Who B.C.That D.Whether2021/8/11 星期三493.考查it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法高考题例示
23、：1._ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.(NMET1995)A.There B.This C.That D.It2021/8/11 星期三502.It worried her a bit _her hair was turning gray.A.while B.if B.C.that D.for2021/8/11 星期三513.I hate _when people talk with their mouths full.(NMET1998)A.it B.that B.C.this D
24、.them2021/8/11 星期三524.Does _ matter if he cant finish the job on time?(MET 1991)A.this B.that C.he D.it 2021/8/11 星期三534.考查whether与if 的区别 高考真题例示：高考题例示：1._well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.(NMET1996)A.If B.Whether B.C.That D.Where2021/8/11 星期三542.What the doctors really doubt is _my mot
25、her will recover from the serious disease soon.(上海2001)A.when B.how B.C.whether D.why2021/8/11 星期三553._ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.(MET1992)A.Whenever B.If B.C.Whether D.That 2021/8/11 星期三565.考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别高考题例示：2021/8/11 星期三57例
26、1.It is generally considered unwise to give a child _he or she wants.(NMET1997)A.however B.whatever B.C.whichever D.whenever2021/8/11 星期三582._leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.(MET1988)A.Anyone B.The person B.C.Whoever D.Who2021/8/11 星期三593.Sarah hopes to become a friend of _shares her interests.(上海1995)A.anyone B.whomever B.C.whoever D.no matter who2021/8/11 星期三606.考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题高考题例示：1.It is necessary that a college student _at least a foreign language.(上海1993)A.masters B.should master C.mastered D.will master 2021/8/11 星期三612021/8/11 星期三62