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1、非谓语动词非谓语动词不定式、分词、动名词不定式、分词、动名词2021/8/9 星期一1一、结构一、结构n一、不定式一、不定式nto write to be writtennto be writingnto have written to have been writtennto have been writing2021/8/9 星期一2n to be a soldier.n to be sleeping.nHe pretended to have been there.n to have been working.nHe doesnt like to be laughed at.nThe b
2、ook is said to have been translated into English.2021/8/9 星期一32、分词、分词n writingn having writtennvt.having been writtenn being writtenn writtenn risingnvi.having risenn risen2021/8/9 星期一43、动名词、动名词n writingn having writtenn being writtenn having been writtennWe enjoy watching TV.nI regret having missed
3、 the film.nHe came to our party without being invited.2021/8/9 星期一5 二、功能作用与区别二、功能作用与区别 主主语语宾宾语语表表语语宾宾补补定定语语同同位位时时间间原原因因条条件件伴伴随随目目的的结结果果不不定定式式动动名名词词分分词词2021/8/9 星期一6三、非谓语动词的否定形式三、非谓语动词的否定形式n not to don not doingn not done2021/8/9 星期一7四、各种成分区别如下四、各种成分区别如下n1、作主语、作主语nGetting up early is a good habit.nLo
4、oking after children requires patience.nIt is harmful for you to smoke so much.nTo remember these words today is our task.nTo go to town tomorrow is necessary.nThere is no stopping him.nIt is no use/no good/useless talking to him.2021/8/9 星期一82、不定式、动名词作宾语、不定式、动名词作宾语nA.以下动词只跟不定式作宾语以下动词只跟不定式作宾语n want,
5、wish,hope,expect,pretend,manage,fail,promise,refuse,learn,dare,agree,demand,care,appear,arrange,attempt,beg,choose,determine,decide,happen,offer,prepare,seem,help,ask,afford,intend,plan,desire2021/8/9 星期一9nB.下列动词只跟动名词作宾语下列动词只跟动名词作宾语n(a)consider,dislike,escape,miss,finish,imagine,advise,keep,enjoy,al
6、low,permit,risk,suggest,forgive,pardon,excuse,avoid,appreciate,admit,stand,forbidn(b)object to,look forward to,devoteto,get down to,be(get)used to,pay attention to,lead to,stick to,in addition to,prefer.tonbe busy doing 2021/8/9 星期一10n(c)跟不定式、动名词意义区别不大跟不定式、动名词意义区别不大nbegin,start,continue,fear,like,ha
7、te,love,afford,prefern(d)特殊句型特殊句型nconsider doingnconsider sb.to be/asnbe worth doingnbe worthy of being donenbe worthy to be donenIt is worthwhile to do/doing sth.2021/8/9 星期一11nD.跟不定式、动名词意义完全不同跟不定式、动名词意义完全不同nremember doing/to do forget doing/to donregret doing/to do mean doing/to donstop doing/to d
8、o go on doing/to dontry doing/to doncant help doing/to do ncant help/choose but do=cant but do ncant be toon want/need/require doing=to be donen want to do2021/8/9 星期一12nE.跟复合宾语用不定式、跟单一宾语用跟复合宾语用不定式、跟单一宾语用动名词动名词nadvise,permit,allow,forbid,require,admit,considernWe dont allow smoking here.nWe dont all
9、ow anyone to smoke here.2021/8/9 星期一133、作表语的区别、作表语的区别n（1）不定式）不定式 表示一次具体的动作，时间上表示一次具体的动作，时间上表将来表将来n Our job is to build the house.n（2）动名词）动名词 表抽象、泛指，不受时间限制表抽象、泛指，不受时间限制n My job is teaching.n（3）现在分词）现在分词 表主动，相当于形容词表主动，相当于形容词n The news is surprising.n（4）过去分词）过去分词 表示被动、已完成表示被动、已完成n He is married.n My ke
10、y is lost./He is gone.2021/8/9 星期一14n注：有些注：有些“使使”动词有两种形容词动词有两种形容词 -ed,-ingnHis words surprised me.nHis words made me surprised.nHis words were surprising.nI was surprised by his words.n interest,move,astonish,encourage,discourage,puzzle,excite,surprise,trouble,worry,frighten,delight,disappoint,pleas
11、e,shock,bore,touch,satisfy2021/8/9 星期一154、作补语、作补语n(1)ask,tell,invite,allow sb.to do sth.n(2)see,feel,observe,notice,find,watch listen to sb.do sth.n sb.doing sth.n sth.done n(3)have,let,make sb.don have sth.donen have sb.doing=get sb.doing2021/8/9 星期一165、作定语、作定语n1）不定式表将来，后置）不定式表将来，后置nThe men to come
12、 is my teacher.nThe man to be invited is a professor.n2）现在分词表主动）现在分词表主动nsleeping boy/boiling water n3）动名词表用途）动名词表用途nsleeping car/swimming pool n4）过去分词表被动）过去分词表被动nwritten English/spoken English2021/8/9 星期一176、作状语、作状语n1)不定式作目的状语不定式作目的状语nHe got up early in order to catch the bus.He got up early so as t
13、o catch the bus.He got up early to catch the bus.n=To/In order to catch the bus,he got up early.n2)作结果状语作结果状语nHe is too young to go to school.He is so young as not to go to school.He is such a young boy as not to go to school.2021/8/9 星期一18nHe hurried to the station(only)to find the train gone.nHis
14、father disappeared during the war,never to be heard from.2021/8/9 星期一19n1)分词作时间状语分词作时间状语nWhen he heard the news,he burst into tears.nWhile he was doing his homework,he was listening to the radio.nAs soon as he arrived home,he turned on TV.Hearing the news,he./On hearingDoing his homework,he was./Whi
15、le doing.Arriving home,he./On arriving.2021/8/9 星期一20n2)作条件状语作条件状语nIf I am given five minutes,Ill finish it.nIf you study hard,youll make progress.Given five minutes,Ill finish it.If given five minutes,Ill finish it.Studying hard,youll make progress.If studying hard,youll make progress.2021/8/9 星期一2
16、1n3)作原因状语作原因状语nBecause he was ill,he was absent from school.nBecause he has lived here for a long time,he knows the city well.Being ill,he was absent from school.Having lived here for a long time,he knows the city well.2021/8/9 星期一22n4)作让步状语作让步状语nThough he was tired,he went on working.nI wont go to
17、the party even if I am invited.Tired,he went on working.Though tired,he went on working.I wont go to the party even if invited.2021/8/9 星期一23n5)作伴随状语作伴随状语nHe was sitting under the tree,and he was reading.nHe was lying in bed,and he was covered by a blanket.He was sitting under the tree,reading.He wa
18、s lying in bed,covered by a blanket.2021/8/9 星期一24Doing 和和 having done 的区别的区别nNot knowing what to do,he turned to his father for help.nHaving finished his homework,he stopped to have a rest.n=after finishing his homework,he stopped to have a rest.2021/8/9 星期一25 done,being done 和和 having been done的区别
19、的区别nHeated,water changes into steam.nGiven five minutes,I can finish it,nBeing painted,the house is empty.nHaving been discussed for many times,the problem was solved.nHaving been shown around the library,we were taken to the teaching building.2021/8/9 星期一26如果状语句子中的主语和主句的主语不一如果状语句子中的主语和主句的主语不一致，改为独立
20、主格结构，保留从句中不一致，改为独立主格结构，保留从句中不一致的主语，也叫分词的复合结构致的主语，也叫分词的复合结构nHe was lying there,covered by a blanket.nHe was lying there,his face covered by a book.nThere being no buses,we had to walk home.nIt being Sunday,the library was closed.nTime permitting,well go to the zoo.2021/8/9 星期一27不定式的复合结构不定式的复合结构nIt is
21、 important for me to learn English well.nIt is polite of you to do so.2021/8/9 星期一28动名词的复合结构动名词的复合结构n me going there.n my going there.nHe suggested Tom going there.n Toms going there.nMy/Toms going there is refused.2021/8/9 星期一29With 的复合结构的复合结构nHe went home,with nothing to do.nI cant write,with you looking over my shoulder.nWe cant go on,with the baby taken care of.nHe came in,with a book in his hand.nHe slept,with the light on.nHe was lying there,with his eyes open.2021/8/9 星期一302021/8/9 星期一32