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1、精品_精品资料_中学英语被动语态讲解原版一、被动语态的构成形式1. 被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式,被动语态由be过去分词构成,be 随时态的变化而变化.以do 为例,各种时态的被动语态形式为：1) am/is/are +done 过去分词 一般现在时例 Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 2） has /have been done现在完成时例 All the preparations for the task have been completed, and were ready to start.3）
2、 am/is /are being done现在进行时例 A new cinema is being built here4） was/were done一般过去时例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. 5） had been done过去完成时例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing. 少儿英语口语的提高,假如方法对仍是很快的,最好的方法就是让他沉迷在一个英语的环境中,现在最多
3、人用的类似UIABC 这样的外教一对一教学平台,在一对一的教学中建立一个纯正的说英语环境,15 元/ 节的价格,也是仍算比较经济的.6） was/were being done过去进行时例 A meeting was being held when I was there. 7） shall/will be done一般将来时例 Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. 8） should/would be done过去将来时例 The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as so
4、on as it arrived. 9） shall/will have been done将来完成时（少用）例 The project will have been completed before July.2. 被动语态的特别结构形式1) 带情态动词的被动结构.其形式为：情态动词be过去分词. 例 The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一宾语仍旧保留在谓语后面.通常变为主语的是间接宾语.例 His mother gave him
5、 a present for his birthday.可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.3) 当“动词 +宾语 +宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语,其余不动.例 Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.可改为 The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.4）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice,hear, feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时,
6、在主动结构中不定式to 要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加to .例 Someonesaw a strangerwalk intothe building.可改为 A strangerwas seen to walk into the building.5有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如“动词介词”,“动词副词”等,也可以用于被动结构,但要把它们看作一个整体,不能分开. 其中的介词或副词也不能省略.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_例 The meeting is to be put off till Friday.3. 非谓语动词的被动语态v.+ing形式及不定式to do也有被动
7、语态 一般时态和完成时态.例 I dont like being laughed at in the public.二、如何使用被动语态学习被动语态时, 不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构,仍要知道在哪些情形中使用被动语态.1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者 这时可省by短语 .例 My bike was stolen last night.2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者.例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.3. 为了更好的支配句子.例 The well-known p
8、erson got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people.（一个主语就够了）三、 It is said that+从句及其他类似句型一些表示“据说”或“信任”的动词如 believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think 等可以用于句型“ It be过去分词 that 从句”或“主语 be过去分词 to do sth. ”.有：It is said that据说 ,It is reported that据报道, It is believed that大家信任, It is
9、hoped that大家期望, It is well known that众所周知, It is thought that大家认为, It is suggested that据建议.例 Itissaidthatthe boy has passed thenationalexam.（ The boy issaid to have passed the national exam.）四、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义1. 英语中有许多动词如break , catch ,clean ,drive,lock , open,sell,read , write, wash 等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述
10、主语特点时,常用其主动形式表达 被动意义 , 主语通常是物.例 This kind of cloth washes well.留意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特点,而被动语态就强调外界作用造成的影响.试比较： The door wont lock （指门本身有毛病）The door wont be locked （指不会有人来锁门,指“门没有锁”是人的缘由）2. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语,如：happen, last,take place,breakout, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等
11、以主动形式表示被动意义.例 How do the newspapers come out.这些报纸是如何引出来的了？3. 系动词没有被动形式,但有些表示感受、 感官的连系动词feel,sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义.例 Your reason sounds reasonable五、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义.1 在 need,want,require,bear 等词的后面, 动名词用主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式.例 The house needs repai
12、ring（ to be repaired）这房子需要修理.2 形容词 worth 后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,但不能跟动词不定式. 而 worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_例 The picture-bookiswellworth reading （ The picture-bookis veryworthy to be read）3. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时,又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系,不定式的主动形式表示被动含义.例 I have a lot of things to do this af
13、ternoon to do与 things是动宾关系,与 I 是主谓关系. 试比较： I ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted.此处用不定式的被动语态作定语说明you 不是 post 动作的执行者. 4. 在某些“形容词不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中,句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的规律宾语时,这经常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义.这些形容词有 nice ,easy ,fit,hard ,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting 等.例 Thisp
14、roblem isdifficultto work out .（可看作 to work out 省略了 forme）.5 在 tooto结构中,不定式前面可加规律主语,所以应用主动形式表示被动意义.例 This book is too expensive for me to buy.6. 在 therebe句型中,当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时,不定式用主动式作定语,重点在人,用被动形式作定语,重点在物.例 There isno time to lose （ to be lost）（用 tolose可看成 forus to lose .用 to be lost,谁 lost time不明确.）7
15、. 在 be to do结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动,被动表被动.然而, 由于古英语的影响 , 以下动词 rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义.例 Who is to blame for starting the fire.六、介词 in, on, under等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用,含被动之义, 其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式,名词前一般不用冠词.1.“ under +名词”结构,表示“某事在进行中”.常见的有：under control（受掌握） , under treatment（在治疗中） , under
16、 repair（在修理中） , under discussion（在争论中） , under construction（在施工中）.例 The building is under construction is being constructed.2“beyond+ 名词” 结构,“出乎赛过、范畴、 限度” .常见的有： beyond belief 令人难以置信 , beyond ones reach （鞭长莫及）, beyond ones control（无法掌握）, beyond our hope 我们的胜利始料不及.例 The rumour is beyond belief（=cant
17、be believed）3. “above+名词”结构 ,表示“ 品质、行为、才能等超过、高于”.例 His honest characterisabove allpraise=His honest charactercannot be praised enough4“ for+ 名词”结构,表示“适于、为着”.如：forsale出售 ,for rent （出租）等.例 That house is for sale. = That house is to be sold.5“ in+ 名词”结构,表示“在过程中或范畴内”常见的有：in print（在印刷中）, in sight在视野范畴内 ,
18、等.例 The book is not yet in print =is not yet printed6“on+名词” 结构 ,表示“在从事中”.常见的有： on sale出售 ,on show（展出） , on trial（受审）.例 Today some treasures are on show in the museum = are being showed.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_7“out of+ 名词”结构. 表示“超出之外“,常见的有：out of control 掌握不了 , out of sight（超出视线之外）, outof ones reach 够不着 ,out offashion不流行 等.例 The plane was out of control cant be controlled.8“ within+名词”结构,“在内、不超过”.例 He took two days off within the teachers permission可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载